TOWN OF WOODSIDE. Climate Action Plan Summary of Greenhouse Gases Reduction Measures Recommended for Adoption

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1 TOWN OF WOODSIDE Report to the Town Council Agenda Item: 7 Prepared by: Sean Mullin, Assistant Planner December 9, 2014 Reviewed by: Jackie Young, Planning Director Approved by: Kevin Bryant, Town Manager SUBJECT: Climate Action Plan Summary of Greenhouse Gases Reduction Measures Recommended for Adoption BACKGROUND In September 2007, the State approved Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), which mandated the reduction of the State s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by at least 15% from 2005 levels by the year Local jurisdictions are adopting local Climate Action Plans (CAP) to assist with the State s effort. In January 2012, the Town adopted a new General Plan. As part of the required review process for the General Plan, the Town prepared and adopted a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The MND included one substantive Mitigation Measure: Mitigation Measure GHG-1 to reduce GHG emissions by 15% from 2005 levels by the year To comply with the MND adopted for the General Plan, the Town needs to adopt a Climate Action Plan. The Town of Woodside, along with most of the local jurisdictions in San Mateo County, has been working with San Mateo County Energy Watch (SMCEW) to complete a CAP using the Regionally Integrated Climate Action Planning Suite (RICAPS). RICAPS is a set of tools developed to allow cities and towns in San Mateo County to develop Climate Action Plans. The program is funded by grants from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). Climate Action Plans developed from these tools will meet BAAQMD's California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines for a Qualified Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy. The CAP will need to include GHG Reduction Measures for municipal operations (government operations) and for the community (residents and businesses). SMCEW has a contract with DNV GL (formerly KEMA and DNV KEMA), which is an international firm that develops various energy saving strategies. DNV GL has developed a list of GHG Reduction Measures for municipalities to select and implement along with a template for the CAP. The GHG Reduction Measures and template prepared by DNV GL comply with State requirements to reduce GHG emissions. Once each municipality selects the GHG Reduction Measures and adopts a CAP, it will use those Measures to implement policies and possibly amend Municipal Code requirements to reduce GHG emissions for municipal and community operations. On April 8, 2008, the Town Council adopted Resolution No (Attachment 1) approving participation in the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign and authorizing the Town Manager to enter into an agreement with Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network to establish a GHG emissions inventory for the Town s government operations. The work completed by Joint Venture Town Council December 9, 2014 Page 1

2 included a report on the GHG emissions from the Town s government operations in 2005 (the baseline year established in the state regulation). On May 25, 2010, the Town Council accepted the report and the Local Governments for Sustainability s (ICLEI) recommendations for reducing the Town s municipal GHG emissions, including: offering telecommuting and/or improved transportation options, such as carpooling, to employees; conducting an energy audit of Town buildings and improving energy efficiency where possible; and continuing to convert the vehicle fleet to more fuel-efficient vehicles on a replacement basis (Attachment 2). Building on the 2005 GHG emissions inventory for the Town s government operations, DNV GL provided the Town with community-wide GHG inventories for the 2005 baseline year, as well as DNV GL then evaluated the changes in the GHG inventories that occurred between 2005 and 2010 in order to develop a set of GHG Reduction Measures recommended for the Town to adopt to meet the State emission reduction target. Their evaluation concluded that community-wide emissions went down significantly between 2005 and This reduction may be attributed to transportation emissions reductions that are likely associated with the economic recession. Additionally, because population and job growth in Town between 2010 and 2020 is projected to be very minimal, it is likely that the Town will meet the State emission reduction target without implementing any new policies. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), however, does not usually look favorably on CAPs that rely too heavily on State-level policies to reach local targets, so it s still important that Woodside adopts GHG Reduction Measures and is implementing policies to reduce emissions locally. The Town s Sustainability Element in the 2012 General Plan (Attachment 3) summarizes 2005 baseline GHG emission data for the Town of Woodside: Tables S1: Woodside Government Operations Emissions by Sector, 2005 Baseline (page 211); S2: Woodside Community Wide Operations Emissions by Sector, 2005 Baseline (page 212); S3: Woodside Community Wide Per Capita Emissions, 2005 Baseline (Page 213); S4: Woodside GHG Emissions Inventory (Businessas-Usual Scenario) (page 214); and S5: Woodside GHG Emissions Inventory (Reduction Scenario) (page 215). Goal S2 of the Sustainability Element is to reduce GHG emissions and includes seven policies to do so. The corresponding General Plan and policies and strategies are some of the same proposed as GHG Reduction Measures for the CAP. The General Plan strategies which have already been implemented, or are being implemented, are also included as GHG Reduction Measures in the CAP. The Town s recently updated Residential Design Guidelines (RDG) also include measures to encourage more sustainable development, which can help reduce the amount of GHG emissions being generated in the Town. Such guidelines include; Section 2.7.a-e (Site Planning) on page 23; Section 3.5.a-g (Building Design) on page 32; and Section 4.7.a-c (Landscape Elements) on page 40 (Attachment 4). STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK Municipal Departments On June 5, 2014, Planning staff coordinated with other Town departments (Engineering, Public Works, Building, and Finance) and requested feedback on the GHG Reduction Measures recommended for adoption by DNV GL. Staff received feedback from the Building Department. The primary concern was to not require green building requirements that are brand-oriented (e.g. LEED & Build It Green) and rather adopt the applicable requirements. This is to prevent reliance on an outside standard which could be a moving target. This feedback has been Town Council December 9, 2014 Page 2

3 integrated into the summary of Recommended GHG Reduction Measures (Attachment 10). Sustainability and Conservation Committee On June 23, 2014, staff presented the draft GHG Reduction Measures to the Sustainability and Conservation Committee and requested their feedback on the Measures. The Committee forwarded their feedback to staff on September 16, 2014 (Attachment 6). The Committee s evaluation criteria used for each measure included: Ability to implement; Effectiveness; Cost/Benefit; Suitability to Woodside; Recommendation; and, Priority. The Committee provided feedback on the GHG Reduction Measures recommended by DNV GL and recommended two additional GHG Reduction Measures (New 4 & New 5). This feedback and recommended additional GHG Reduction Measures provided by the Sustainability and Conservation Committee is included in the summary of Recommended GHG Reduction Measures (Attachment 10, page 24). Woodside Business Community On December 11, 2012, Planning staff presented potential GHG Reduction Measures to the Town Council (Attachment 7, Report). Council directed staff to continue forward with the proposed Climate Action Plan and obtain input from the business community (Attachment 8, Minutes). On November 20, 2014, staff held a business community meeting (which was noticed to all Town business owners) to provide an opportunity to provide feedback on the GHG Reduction Measures (Attachment 9). Two members of the business community attended this meeting (a restaurant owner and a real estate agent) and expressed general support for the Measures that are applicable to businesses in Woodside. One attendee expressed some concern for Measure New 1: Real Estate Conservation Ordinance (RECO). This measure would encourage the voluntary disclosure of energy use information at time of home sale. The concern was further complication of the home sale disclosure process. The attendee recognized that this measure would encourage and would not mandate the disclosure of residential energy use. GREENHOUSE GASES REDUCTION MEASURE SELECTION The list of GHG Reduction Measures has been evaluated by DNV GL and staff for its applicability to the Town and effectiveness in reducing GHGs. The purpose of this report is to present the GHG Reduction Measures recommended by DNV GL to the Town Council for adoption into the Climate Action Plan. Attachment 10 is a list of the GHG Reduction Measures recommended for adoption by DNV GL. These measures have been selected for their applicability to the Town and are a subset of the full list presented to Council on December 11, 2012 (Attachment 7). This list includes a summary of the impact of each measure, stakeholder feedback, staff s analysis of each measure, and staff s recommendation to adopt specific GHG Reduction Measures. NEXT STEPS Once the Town Council selects the GHG Reduction Measures to be incorporated into the CAP, Town staff can work with DNV GL to complete the first draft of the CAP. Once the draft CAP is Town Council December 9, 2014 Page 3

4 prepared, the Town will determine if the CAP is subject to CEQA. If it is subject to CEQA, it is likely a Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration will be prepared for public review. Once the draft CAP and CEQA document are prepared, they will be reviewed by the Sustainability and Conservation Committee for comments and recommendation to the Town Council. The Town Council will review the CAP and CEQA document for adoption. After adoption of the CAP, the Town will need to track the GHG emissions to determine if the Town is meeting the goal of the CAP. A technology firm contracted by the County will assist the Town in uploading and tracking their GHG emission data. The data will come from various sources, such as PG&E, trash collectors, staff monitoring, etc. The Town will need to develop a tracking mechanism to measure GHG emission reduction towards the 2020 goal. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Town Council adopt the 19 greenhouse gas reduction measures recommended by DNV GL (Attachment 10), and to provide direction to staff on the two additional measures (NEW 4 & NEW 5) recommended by the Sustainability and Conservation Committee (Attachment 10, page 24). ATTACHMENTS 1. Town Council Resolution No (April 8, 2008), GHG Emissions Inventory 2. Town Council Report and Minutes from May 25, 2010, Accept ICLEI GHG Reduction Report and Recommendations 3. Sustainability Element of the 2012 General Plan 4. Relevant pages from the 2012 Residential Design Guidelines, Sustainability Sections 5. to Town Departments from Assistant Planner, Sean Mullin, dated June 5, Sustainability and Conservation Committee feedback on GHG Reduction Measures, received September 16, Town Council Report from December 11, Town Council Minutes from December 11, Letter to the Woodside Business Community from Assistant Planner Sean Mullin, dated November 14, DNV GL Recommended Reduction Measure Spreadsheet a California Green Building Code Section A , Nonresidential Voluntary Measures b California Green Building Code Section A , Residential Voluntary Measures c. Town Council Staff Report and Minutes from September 22, 2009, Implementing High Energy Home Assessment Program Town Council December 9, 2014 Page 4

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75 GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) REDUCTION MEASURES ATTACHMENT 10 The GHG Reduction Measures on pages 3 through 24 are broken down into the following categories: Measure Reference Codes Reduction Measure A1 Reduction Measures EC1-EC6 Reduction Measures EM1, EM4 & EM5 Reduction Measures EW1 EW2 Reduction Measure TL2 Reduction Measure TM4 Reduction Measures WC1 Reduction Measures WM1 GHG Reduction Measure Category All Sectors Community and Municipality Energy Community Energy Municipality Water Community and Municipality Transportation and Land Use Community and Municipality Transportation Municipality Waste Community Waste Municipality Purpose Page Number of Measures Reduce GHG emissions that 3 1 are related to all sectors. Reduce residential and commercial GHG emissions that are related to energy consumption. Reduce government GHG emissions that are related to energy consumption. Reduce GHG emissions that are related to water consumption. Reduce residential and commercial GHG emissions that are related to transportation and land use. Reduce government GHG emissions that are related to transportation. Reduce residential and commercial GHG emissions that are related to waste. Reduce government GHG emissions that are related to waste. Additional measures NEW 1 3 Energy and Transportation recommended by DNV GL NEW 4 5 N/A Additional measures recommended by the Sustainability and Conservation Committee TOTAL: 21 The following criteria should be considered when providing feedback on the recommended Reduction Measures. Ability to implement Effectiveness of the Measure Cost/Benefit Suitability for the Town

76 Each GHG Reduction Measure on pages 3 through 24 includes the following: Impact Summary Building Department Feedback Sustainability And Conservation Committee Feedback Staff Analysis The components of the Impact Summary, provided by DNV GL, are described below: DETAILS OF IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Total Measure Score Total FTE Needed Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) Already being Implemented Year Implemented (for new measures) A recommendation for each measure provided by DNV GL based on the ability to implement, the effectiveness of the measure, a cost/benefit analysis, and suitability for the Town The total measure score is based on three categories which are listed on the "Weighting" worksheet. These three categories are: Benefits Costs Implementation and feasibility The total measure score has a scale of 1 to 5 and helps prioritize new measures that have not yet been implemented. Measures with a higher score would be implemented first, because these measures can be implemented with low or no costs, and would have a high impact on reducing emissions. Measures with lower scores might be more expensive or difficult to implement, or might have a lower impact on reducing emissions, so these measures would be implemented later. Full-time equivalent (FTE) is a unit that indicates the workload of an employed person in a way that makes workloads comparable across various contexts. An FTE of 1.0 means that the person is equivalent to a full-time employee, while an FTE of 0.5 signals that the worker is only half-time. Annual reduction in greenhouse gases (expressed as CO2e, or carbon dioxide equivalent) expected from implementing each measure. Carbon dioxide equivalent is a unit of measure that normalizes the varying climate warming potencies of all six GHG emissions, which are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). For example, one metric ton of methane is equivalent to 21 metric tons of CO2e. One metric ton of nitrous oxide is 210 metric tons of CO2e. Whether the measure has already been implemented. Expected implementation year for new measures. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 2

77 MEASURE A1 (All Sectors) Participate in County Green Business program Description Establish a voluntary program that allows businesses to brand themselves as green by following sustainable practices. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.26 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 4 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Easy for Town since a voluntary program Due to small number of businesses and low direct GHG profiles, measure is mostly symbolic and shows support of similar measures in jurisdictions with greater potential impact Low to Town since voluntary Mostly symbolic and a show of support to communities with more/larger sources Include the county guidelines in ordinances or guidelines developed under EC1 Medium STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure A1 would encourage Town businesses and the Town participate in a voluntary green business program. Due to the low number of businesses in Woodside, the Town could try to get all of the businesses in Woodside certified as Green Businesses. This could be beneficial for all businesses who could advertise as being within a Green Business District. It would also be beneficial for the Town to be certified to lead by example. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 3

78 MEASURE EC1 (Energy) Commercial green building ordinance Description Update building code to mandate higher building performance in commercial buildings. Mandate achievement of CALGreen Tier 1 energy performance. Include additional mandatory requirements such as solar hot water or cool roofs. Seek to harmonize with regional Green Building Ordinances. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 2.89 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 1 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2018 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: This has already been addressed in the New 2013 California Energy code & Green Building Code. Both have more requirements SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Very doable add ordinance to Mun. Code. Probably time consuming to draft, explain to interested citizenry, enforce Similar to above, mostly helps make case for residential upgrades and new construction Low to Town, could add 10 20% to cost of project SAs above, largely symbolic. Could be useful in the future when older buildings are upgraded or remodeled Eventually implement, help applicant per above Medium STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Measure EC1 would require the adoption of an ordinance requiring new commercial construction and/or tenant improvements meet CALGreen Tier 1 energy standards, which exceed the current Title 24 energy standards. Attachment 10a includes California Green Building Code Section A , which shows that Tier 1 standards would increase energy efficiency over Title 24. Measure EC1 would help reduce the number of kilowatts and thermals used by business, but would only provide a minor reduction in GHG emissions due to the limited amount of commercial space within the Town of Woodside. Additionally, new commercial construction is very limited in the Town, while tenant improvements are more common. Measure EC1 would apply to the whole commercial building and if applicable to tenant improvements, may require a significant amount of 4

79 work on the building envelope be done to comply with a Tier 1 ordinance. Modifications to an existing building envelope may present a barrier to businesses moving into the Town s existing commercial spaces due to the potential high cost of renovations needed to comply with Tier 1 standards. The Town may want to explore the option of separating new commercial construction from tenant improvements and carefully consider the cost/benefit of any requirement. The adoption of Measure EC1 would likely not require significant resources from the Town. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 5

80 MEASURE EC2 (Energy) Residential green building ordinance Description Update building code to mandate higher building performance in residential buildings. Mandate achievement of CALGreen Tier 1 energy performance. Include additional mandatory requirements such as solar hot water or cool roofs. Seek to harmonize with regional Green Building Ordinances. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 2.83 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 135 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2018 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: This has already been addressed in the New 2013 California Energy code & Green Building Code. Both have more requirements SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Very doable add ordinance to Mun. Code. Probably time consuming to draft, explain to interested citizenry, enforce Could reduce energy usage 20-30%, leading to a measurable contribution to Town goals, given the building boom Depends how aggressive codes are. Usually can find a knee in curve of cost/ benefit. In calculation, need include reduced energy bills Very Implement High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Measure EC2 would require the adoption of an ordinance requiring new residential construction and/or tenant improvements meet CALGreen Tier 1 energy standards, which exceed current Title 24 energy standards. Attachment 10b includes California Green Building Code Section A , which shows that Tier 1 standards would increase energy efficiency over Title 24. Measure EC2 would help reduce the number of kilowatts and thermals used for residential structures. Since the majority of the GHG emissions in Woodside are created from the use of residential structures, Measure EC2 would help the reduction of GHG emissions. Some of the construction in Town already meets Tier 1 standards voluntarily, but this Measure would require that all projects, or projects that meet a certain threshold meet the standards. Adopting this Measure would 6

81 likely require significant additional cost and resources from the property owner. The Town may want to explore a program that encourages residential construction to meet CALGreen Tier 1 energy performance standards and explore incentivizing Tier 1 compliance. The adoption of Measure EC1 would likely not require significant resources from the Town. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 7

82 MEASURE EC3 (Energy) Incentivize solar energy installation Description Provide financial incentives for solar photo voltaic and hot water systems installation. Meet with local banks and discuss creative ways to partner for low cost financing of renewable energy and energy efficient projects. Provide free assistance for project developers through the power purchase agreements and interconnection process. Encourage bulk purchases such as the Portola Valley Bulk purchase. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.67 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 510 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2014 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Very doable and widely done Can reduce GHG emissions from electricity generation (elsewhere) by half to over 100% (generate > consume) Lease programs make solar zero cost while also lowering electricity bills Very, although not to all houses, as some get little sun Implement where applicable (need define a metric below which solar isn t effective) thru codes and incentives (permit fee breaks for solar or increases for non-solar; accelerated permit review, etc.). Include other renewables, not just solar High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Measure EC3 could include further lowering the already low permit fees for solar installation. It could also include the Town promoting a bulk purchasing program under which property owners could purchase or lease solar installations at a lower rate through bulk purchasing power. Such a program would require the participation of a solar company for the bulk purchasing agreement. This Measure would encourage or incentivize property owners to purchase or lease solar facilities which could help reduce the number of kilowatts used for structures. The Measure would likely not require significant resources from the Town, and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. 8

83 MEASURE EC4 (Energy) Participate in Energy Upgrade Program and similar residential rebate/incentive programs as they become available and promote existing rebates (PG&E, State, Federal) Description Town to provide or encourage residential energy audits and retrofits. Leverage existing rebates/add additional rebates for energy efficient retrofits. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.64 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 56 Already being Implemented Some progress Year Implemented (for new measures) 2014 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: We have an area of the Building Departments website, that provides helpful tips for green building and links to other websites were they can get more info on green building. SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Relatively easy. Would require Town staff to track these potential programs, learn about them, publicize them, and help citizens take advantage of them. Could be 10-25% reduction in GHG directly (e.g., gas-fired heating) or indirectly (less electricity use) Good; homeowners and businesses usually implement those upgrades that have < 3-5 yr payback Very, esp. to current high energy users. Has been shown, but only by a few families. Need find way to incentivize so people are motivated to have audits done and to implement the cost-effective recommendations. Medium/High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Measure EC4 could include education programs promoted by the Town to encourage people to complete energy audits of their home. The Town could also explore incentivizing energy audits, providing information about low cost, or subsidized audits. The Town has already participated in one program by PG&E, which should be noted in the CAP (Attachment 10c). Measure EC4 would encourage or incentivize owners to obtain energy audits, which would provide them with recommendations on how to save energy. EC4 would likely not require significant resources and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. 9

84 MEASURE EC5 (Energy) Promote PG&E commercial and industrial energy efficiency/demand response programs Description Town to promote and assist with marketing and outreach for PG&E energy efficiency and demand response programs for the nonresidential sector. Leverage existing rebates/add additional rebates for energy efficient retrofits. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.39 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 6 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: We have a link to PG&E on the websites were they can get more info on PG&E rebates. SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Relatively easy Effectiveness Depends on type and number of commercial entities in Woodside Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Good for same reasons as EC4 Similar to A1 & EC1 Engage in program as much as can while allocating minimal resources to this effort Medium STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EC5 could include the promotion of education programs by the Town to encourage property owners to be involved in PG&E energy efficiency programs. The Town could try to leverage rebates for all participating businesses seeking energy efficient retrofits. Measure EC5 would encourage or incentivize owners to obtain energy efficient retrofits. Measure EC5 would likely not require significant resources from the Town, and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 10

85 MEASURE EC6 (Energy) Implement program for shade trees Description Promote shade trees during planning entitlement. Program to provide free shade trees for houses with eastern, western or southern exposure that heat up during the summer. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 2.92 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 124 Already being Implemented In part Year Implemented (for new measures) 2018 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Relatively easy; already in Residential Design Guidelines Good, hence existing guideline. In addition to reducing cooling load, planting trees adds to CO 2 absorbers Good. Town unlikely to pay for trees, but maybe can help reduce their cost. Depends on location (sun exposure). Suitable for many homes Encourage more assertively, while being sensitive to droughts. Consider organizing community bulk purchases of the trees and planting. Medium/High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Measure EC6 is primarily intended for municipalities that can install street trees to reduce the radiant heat of paved surfaces, or to provide trees to shade the sides of structures impacted by direct sunlight (reducing the need to use air conditioners on higher temperature days). Since the Town of Woodside may not have the funds to provide shade trees, the Town could require projects of a certain scale to provide trees in specific locations to shade the sides of the buildings most exposed to direct sunlight. The Town s 2012 Residential Design Guidelines already encourage such tree placement. Measure EC6 would require the placement of specific types and sizes of trees to reduce the need for fans and air conditioning. Since most projects are already required to install landscaping and trees, this would just require strategic placement of the trees to help lower GHG emissions. Implementation of Measure EC6 would not be difficult and is already encouraged by the 2012 Residential Design Guidelines. 11

86 MEASURE EM1 (Energy) Energy efficient street lighting Description Replace street, signal lights, parks and parking lot lighting with efficient lighting (LEDs, induction, etc). IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.62 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 1 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2014 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Unsure I think the only street and signal lights are at 84/I-280 interchange and are State responsibility Very low Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Unsure, per Implement comment Not really, given extremely few lights Pass on this one Low STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EM1 would require the Town to replace the existing street lights, traffic signals, and parking lots with efficient lighting. The Town of Woodside has very few street lights, traffic signals, and parking lot lights so the cost would be minimal to replace the lights with high efficient lighting. Measure EM1 would be relatively easy and low cost to implement due to the limited amount of light fixtures. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 12

87 MEASURE EM4 (Energy) Renewable energy installation on municipal property. Description Complete a feasibility study on the installation of solar or other renewable energy projects at select Town facilities and install where feasible. Town should set a goal (in order to make this more viable). IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.39 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 3 Already being Implemented Yes, Town Hall and Library evaluated in 2010 Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Straight forward Effectiveness High for the facilities affected mainly Town Hall Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Need engineering study to determine can panels be placed where they re effective and installation is easy Very much, as we get plenty of sun Strongly support, especially now with reduced prices for panels and lease options. Also symbolic to homeowners. Should consider solar panels wherever Town has suitable property and sell all the output to the grid to compensate for Town s and citizen s use not covered by solar on their buildings. Under this measure, consider also EV charging stations. High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EM4 would require the Town to study the feasibility of using renewable energy sources. The Town recently completed a solar feasibility study for Town Hall and the library remodel and found both economically unfeasible, but may be able to study other facilities such as the museum. Additionally, as technology changes, solar costs reduce, and electric rates rise, it may be worthwhile to complete another study in the future to determine if it would be feasible to install solar panels on Town Hall at a later date. The Town of Woodside has very few facilities and Measure EM4 would only require the exploration of feasibility of renewable energy projects. Measure EM4 may not be a significant cost to the Town. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 13

88 MEASURE EM5 (Energy) Energy efficiency in municipal buildings Description Audit Town facilities for energy efficiency opportunities and implement energy efficient retrofits. Town participates in San Mateo County Energy Watch and leveraged benchmarking to identify opportunities for energy efficient upgrades and track energy performance. Leverage other programs that provide funding. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.47 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 3 Already being Implemented Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 In Part; Town Hall evaluated in HVAC replacement completed in Interior lights prioritized for replacement in 2014 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Mostly done Effectiveness Presumably enough to justify past actions Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Presumably acceptable Yes, as shown by having been done Include in CAP since already done. Consider revisiting earlier study to include technologies introduced since High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EM5 would require upgrade of Town facilities to reduce energy consumption (e.g. changing of light fixtures to more efficient fixtures, new heating cooling systems, etc.). Since 2005, the Town of Woodside has installed a new HVAC system in Town Hall and Independence Hall. The Town has changed the light ballasts in Town Hall, and could also explore further energy saving options for lighting. Since the Town has already installed two new HVAC systems, upgraded light ballasts, could explore upgrades to other Town facilities, and this was an ICLEI recommendation accepted by the Town Council in 2010, staff recommends that the Measure EM5 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 14

89 MEASURE EW1 (Water) Water conservation incentives Description Promote existing and/or new rebates for water efficient appliances and fixtures. Promote low water need landscaping during planning entitlement. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.32 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 44 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: There are new plumbing fixture upgrade requirements for replacement of all plumbing fixture, as of 1/2014, per Civil Code when permits are issued for any type of remodel. SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Education part can be done, but effectiveness is uncertain. Code changes are straightforward if can get agreement on how much to mandate. Depends on success of education, willingness to impose limits on water-demanding landscaping, price of water, and state mandates. Marginal now, will become better as rationing and/or increases in cost of water take effect. Very much so Strongly support. High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EW1 would require the Town to encourage property owners to take advantage of available rebates for water efficient appliances and fixtures. The Town could explore requiring such fixtures with new construction in the future. Most property owners already take advantage of rebates, and the Town could do more to announce the availability of such rebates and programs (e.g. Town newsletter, Town website, etc.). Additionally, the state Civil Code now requires that all plumbing fixtures be upgraded when permits are issued for any type of remodel. Adopting Measure EW1 would not require resources from the Town. Staff recommends that the Town Council include Measure EW1 in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 15

90 MEASURE EW2 (Water) Water conservation ordinance Description Adopt Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency (BAWSCA) Indoor Ordinance if haven't already and enhance BAWSCA Outdoor Ordinance (all cities required to adopt). IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.47 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 22 Already being Implemented Yes, in Part. Study taken to Council in 2012 Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: There are new plumbing fixture upgrade requirements for replacement of all plumbing fixture, as of 1/2014, per Civil Code when permits are issued for any type of remodel. SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Being done everywhere in Bay Area, per BAWSCA mandate Effectiveness Very effective for water conservation from residential sector Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority More a lifestyle change (less/no lawns, etc.) than a cost; actually saves on water bills Clearly needed, given our uniquely high per capita/household consumption Strongly support adoption of full BAWSCA plan, and consider going further High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure EW2 would require implementation of a water efficient landscape ordinance. The Town is currently in the process of adopting such an ordinance. The Town has been implementing the State s Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (State mandate) since A study taken to Town Council in 2012 garnished support from Council to replace the State s ordinance with a community-specific local ordinance. This proposed ordinance should be processed in parallel with the CAP. Staff recommends that the Town Council include Measure EW2 in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 16

91 MEASURE TL2 (Transportation and land use) Walkable/bikeable street landscape Description Remake urban landscape to make walking and biking more desirable. Bike lanes, bike parking, traffic calming, beautification, etc. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.36 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 1,757 Already being Implemented In process for Hwy 84/Woodside Road Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Challenging but necessary Safe Routes to School report may have data or estimates of impact of such measures in Woodside on reduction in VMT Could be high cost and modest reduction in CO 2 (don t really know); would have additional benefits for Woodside joggers, walkers, and pleasure bikers Very much so Strongly support. Could have a significant impact on the vehicle emissions component of Woodside s total GHG releases, as well as de-bottlenecking traffic around the school at arrival and departure times. High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure TL2 would require the Town to prepare and implement community appropriate complete street policies which are included in the 2012 General Plan. The Town of Woodside is currently making improvements to the Town Center Area under the Safe Routes to School program, which includes locally-appropriate complete streets concepts to improve walking, biking and possibility equestrian access. Based on the current improvements being made under the Safe Routes to School program, staff recommends that Measure TL2 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 17

92 MEASURE TM4 (Transportation) Adoption of low emission government vehicles Description Target purchase of new or conversion of existing government vehicles to more efficient vehicles. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.58 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 21 Already being Implemented Year Implemented (for new measures) 2014 No. Pre-2010 purchases do not count. Do we have a policy for future purchases? BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Being done Effectiveness Significant impact on this component of GHG emissions Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Generally considered a cost reduction measure over the life of the vehicle given the lower fuel costs Yes, as proven by it s being done Strongly support continuation and, where reasonable, acceleration. Can the trucks obtain and use biofuels? High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure TM4 requires the Town to upgrade to and maintain a fuel efficient car fleet. Since 2005, the Town has purchased hybrid vehicles, and this policy would be a continuation of the Town s decision to purchase such vehicles. Page 211 of the Sustainability Element encourages the Town to continue to convert the vehicle fleet to more fuel-efficient vehicles on a replacement basis. Since Measure TM4 is already being implemented by the Town and it is encouraged by the General Plan, staff recommends Measure TM4 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 18

93 MEASURE WC1 (Waste) Set higher diversion rate goal. Description Increase participation in recycling programs and ensure weekly collection of recyclables and organic waste. Explore group collection of animal waste. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.67 Total FTE Needed 0.5 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 0551 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2014 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Significant waste diversion being done. CAP report doesn t give data on current rate (Green Waste portion reported to be ~95% so ability to improve is unclear. Manure collection and composting would be a new effort as a Town activity; it is being done elsewhere, so is doable. Don t have data on GHG impacts of recycle/reuse, so can judge effectiveness only by rate of diversion. Absent a metric for consuming land other than the cost of acquiring it, the C/B depends on cost of landfilling with sufficient environmental safeguards to avoid contamination of ground or surface waters, as well as the cost and emissions of trucking waste to ever more distant landfills Definitely, since being done to great success now For household and commercial waste, understand how much more could be diverted so can determine whether Town effort is needed to grow diversion rates. Investigate C&D diversion practices is it diminishing? Take advantage of any increase in diversion rate since Priority STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Support initiative to develop a manure recycling program, maybe jointly with PV for economies of scale Medium Measure WC1 could involve the Town working with Green Waste to provide incentives for recycling, or penalties for noncompliance. These types of Measures are becoming more and more common throughout the Bay Area. This Measure could provide some reduction in GHG emissions by simply changing the behavior of residents; therefore, staff recommends that Measure WC1 be included in the CAP. 19

94 MEASURE WM1 (Waste) Environmentally preferred purchasing policy - Waste Reduction Description Implement a Town sustainable purchasing policy that emphasizes recycled materials. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.09 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) N/A Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2015 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Easy, but does take some time to find sustainable products, can increase purchase costs a bit. May require some increased labor if green products aren t as effective as standard ones. Well demonstrated by now Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Can t really calculate until society or governments place a cost on consumable resources Suitable everywhere Strongly support for its own sake and as a role model for the community High STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure WM1 would require the Town to establish a policy to purchase sustainable and recycle materials. The Town of Woodside municipal operations are relatively small compared to other agencies so it would not provide a significant reduction in GHG emissions, but it could set a good example for other local businesses. Staff recommends that MeasureWM1 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 20

95 MEASURE NEW 1 (Energy) Real Estate Conservation Ordinance (RECO) Description Voluntary disclosure of energy use information at time of home sale. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 2.84 Total FTE Needed 0.1 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 112 Already being Implemented No Year Implemented (for new measures) 2018 BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority Easy inform realtors, put on Town website Might encourage sellers to upgrade to more efficient energy use systems, but unclear how many would, esp. not among high energy users Cost essentially zero since the program would be voluntary Suitable anywhere, more so in communities like Woodside with many high energy usage properties Support since the costs are virtually zero, the program would be totally voluntary, and it may produce the desired results in enough cases to merit the nominal effort by the Town. Low STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure NEW 1 would encourage the disclosure of residential energy use at the time of home sale. Encouraging the disclosure of residential energy use at the time of home sale may incentivize residents to voluntarily upgrade and install systems on their homes that reduce energy usage, which may make a residence more attractive to perspective buyers. Measure NEW 1 would likely not require significant resources from the Town, and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. Staff recommends that Measure NEW 1 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 21

96 MEASURE NEW 2 (Transportation) Local food Description Encourage the growth and consumption of local food by promoting local farmers' markets, food swaps, and community gardens. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.26 Total FTE Needed 0.05 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 91 Already being Implemented Yes Year Implemented (for new measures) N/A BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: None SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Can be done, although hasn t been very successful in Woodside so far Low Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Recommendation Priority No cost to Town or citizens Local/private food gardens are suitable in most parcels. Support endeavors to establish local food sources, including private gardens, but don t spend much staff resources on it Low STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Measure NEW 2 would encourage cultivation of food locally and promote local farmers markets. One farmer s markets is currently held in the Town at Woodside Elementary. The Town could continue to encourage farmer s markets, which provides a local serving commercial service and is consistent with Policy S4 Reduce Vehicle Trips of the 2012 General Plan. Additionally, the large average lot size in Woodside affords many residents the space to cultivate food on their own property. The Town could encourage local food cultivation for direct consumption which may reduce the number of car trips in Town. Measure NEW 2 would likely not require significant resources from the Town, and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. Staff recommends that Measure NEW 2 be included in the CAP. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 22

97 MEASURE NEW 3 (Energy) Electric Vehicle (EV) Chargers Description Encourage the installation of electric vehicle chargers and use of electric vehicles to reduce GHG emissions. IMPACT SUMMARY Recommended for Adoption by DNV GL Yes Total Measure Score 3.41 Total FTE Needed 0 Measure GHG Savings (Annual MT CO2e) 458 Already being Implemented Yes Year Implemented (for new measures) N/A BUILDING DEPARTMENT FEEDBACK Comments: From 1/2010-5/2014 the town has issued 31 electric vehicle charging stations in residential construction. SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE FEEDBACK Ability to Implement Effectiveness Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Is done many other communities, including Portola Valley Promotes a switch to electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, as seen by the widespread deployment of chargers at public facilities Depends how the program is implemented does Town install or just encourage chargers? Does Town subsidize their use or pass the costs through to the users? Somewhat suitable given the heavy usage of the Town Center parking lots. Don t know how many likely users stay long enough to acquire an adequate charge? Recommendation Priority STAFF ANALYSIS Measure Details and Possible Implementation Recommendation Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures Offering some incentive for installation of 240 volt chargers at residences might stimulate purchases of electric vehicles/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Support but the measure should include installation by the Town of a number of chargers at Canada corners, not just encouragement of their installation. High Measure NEW 3 would encourage the installation of electric vehicle chargers or the wiring necessary for the future installation of an electric vehicle charger. Measure NEW 3 may encourage the installation of electric vehicle chargers or the wiring for such charges. Use of electric vehicles reduces GHG emissions. Measure NEW 3 would likely not require significant resources from the Town, and would not be a mandatory requirement for property owners. Staff recommends that Measure NEW 3 be included in the CAP. 23

98 ADDITIONAL MEASURES RECOMMENDED BY SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Measure New 4 Reduce waste at Point-of- Purchase Ability to Implement Educational program, so very doable Effectiveness Is being widely promoted, so apparently can be effective Cost/Benefit Suitability to Woodside Should be Very much so, given low cost the community s purchasing power and, hence, presumed greater quantities purchased than the average Recommendation Priority Support, since low cost and voluntary M New 5 Other Green Incentives SCC and Town staff keep eyes and ears open for other ways to incentivize Green behaviors, so doable TBD TBD TBD Keep looking; implement if potential benefits are equivalent to measures adopted. M Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures 24

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