Metals enable a sustainable society (Cu) Product & mineral centric systems. System integration & Design for Recycling

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1 .. Metal Recycling Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure M a r k u s A. R e u t e r Director Technology Management Adjunct Professor, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland. Guest Professor, Central South University, Changsha, China. Professorial Fellow, University Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Key messages Metals enable a sustainable society (Cu) Product & mineral centric systems System integration & Design for Recycling A sustainable society, industry & theoretical depth Social relevance, shaping policy

2 .. Outotec Oyj (Finland - Germany) Outotec: rd Globally most sustainable Corporation World Economic Forum Davos nd January ( Leading supplier of technology for metal production, water treatment and energy // Metal Recycling UNEP ()*: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure: Reuter, M.A. et al. p. Objectives of the report: Launched April th by UNEP in the presence of the German Federal Minister of Environment in Berlin. Explore the opportunities, limits and infrastructure for metal recycling a free textbook. Promote a Product-Centric approach. Give answers how to increase metal recycling rates. Referred to in European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Raw Materials also Knowledge Innovation Community (KIC) in EU. Over, downloads (May-Oct) Summary booklet and factsheets [* ]

3 (f) (f) (f).. Key messages - I Metals help enabling a sustainable society (e.g. Cu) Copper supplies numerous technology elements but is also the solvent to capture and recycle these sometimes critical metals from products Copper is a unique metal, its properties make it a backbone of a sustainable society Economics and legislation Product & mineral centric systems System integrated copper production A sustainable society, industry & theoretical depth Social relevance, shaping policy Smelting production - (million tonnes) NORTH AMERICA LATIN AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA ASIA In China ca. % Cu production via Outotec technologies CHINA JAPAN AUSTRALASIA [Sources: ICSG Directory Excel tables - February., Brook Hunt Global Copper production Dec. ]

4 Metal/Element Use Intensity in Products.. High Tech Metal Production Systems (>,tpa) Technology elements linked to copper in minerals and solvent during recycling? Cd Ru Pd Ir Rh? As Os Zr Ta Nb Ce Te Ga Ge In Se Ag P U? Co Mn Pt W Au H/O Ru Bi C Ca V Mg Mo Si Ti K Sb Zn Fe Cu Sn Al Cr Pb Ni Li REE Co Mn Pt W Au H/O Pb C Zn Sn Fe Cu Co Mn C Ca Pb Zn Fe Cu Sn Zn C Fe Ca Cu V Sn Mg Mo Si Ti Al Cr Pb Ni 8 9 8

5 .. Economics of recycling and legislation Promote the use of best available techniques (BAT) by policy and legislation to improve results. Tool: economic incentives Create a level playing field (e.g. fighting illegal waste shipment) For some minor metals effective international arrangements will be required to facilitate transparent cross-border transportation to large central plants (BAT) 9 Key messages - II Metals help enabling a sustainable society (e.g. Cu) Product & mineral centric systems Copper key metal enabling the closure of the loop, especially if product centric recycling & mineral centric primary production are harmonized A material centric view is limiting to achieving resource efficiency System integrated copper production A sustainable society, industry & theoretical Social relevance, shaping policy

6 .. Rigorous mineral & product centric approach to maximize resource efficiency capture all elements [Source: Reuter et al. (): UNEP Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure, p.] Resource efficiency via systemic simulation

7 .. Copper a key carrier metal for supply of critical metals but also a backbone for recycling Key messages - III Metals help enabling a sustainable society (e.g. Cu) Product & mineral centric systems System integrated copper production Best Available Techniques (BAT) Digitalization using rigorous tools A sustainable society, industry & theoretical Social relevance, shaping policy

8 .. Adaptive infrastructure & technology essential Metallurgical knowledge and infrastructure from metals processing should be used for the recycling of increasingly complex end-of-life products Technology and expert knowledge of the academic communities and industries have to be able to deal with changing complexity of end-of-life streams Secondary copper production & recycling Outotec Outotec Outotec Outotec [Source: Reuter et al. (): UNEP Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure, p.] 8

9 .. Design for Recycling: Rigorous simulation Recycling rate : % Key messages - IV Metals help enabling a sustainable society (e.g. Cu) Product & mineral centric systems System integrated copper production A sustainable society, industry & theoretical depth Collection and knowledge Linking society to extractive metallurgy & attracting the brightest concerned about the future of our Earth Engineers should help lead the way: designing innovative solutions or showing the limits and suggesting innovative alternatives! Social relevance, shaping policy 8 9

10 .. Collection as part of the recycling system Enhancing suitable collection infrastructure to enhance collection rates Secure sufficient volumes to facilitate economic recycling (e.g. metallurgical processing) Understand the mineralogical composition of EoL products Fostering economic incentives for the delivery of waste to BAT operators (e.g. for discarded mobile phones) 9 Education, Information and R&D Multidisciplinary systemic education approach with deep and rich understanding of engineering, applied physics & chemistry as well as social sciences, economics and law is a future must. For processing of key metals and for driving innovation improved research and education is critically important. Dissemination of the physics-based system approach to recycling is a need. Policy has to support the quantification of the metals contained in market products ( urban ore-body ), its locations, analysis and their fate in waste flows.

11 .. Key messages - V Metals help enabling a sustainable society (e.g. Cu) Product & mineral centric systems System integrated copper production A sustainable society, industry & theoretical depth Social relevance, shaping policy Copper for example has a great story of social relevance, if its true systemic fabric is used and communicated also to young people Numerous policy messages Some policy suggestions from UNEP report [Source: Reuter, M.A. et al., (): Metal Recycling Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure p. (Summary booklet)]

12 .. Summary: Recycle a cup of coffee? Recover economically, ecofriendly & resource efficiently: pure sugar, milk, coffee & pure water from your cup? Outotec Sustainable use of Earth s natural resources