Renewable Energy Sources

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Renewable Energy Sources"

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy Sources Municipality of Grey Highlands Submitted by The Jones Consulting Group Ltd. Submitted to Wind Power Committee 24 th November 2004

2 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION: ENERGY SOURCES WIND SOLAR RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY Photovoltaic Solar Thermal ISSUES HYDROPOWER RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY ISSUES GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY ISSUES BIOMASS RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY ISSUES CONCLUSION... 8 i

3 1.0 Introduction: Renewable Energy Sources The purpose of this discussion paper is to review potential renewable energy generation sources that may be considered within the Municipality of Grey Highlands (MGH). This review is being undertaken as part of the MGH s interim control by-law that seeks to review electrical generation facilities in order to determine the most appropriate planning approval framework. During the review of wind energy facilities (Discussion Papers 1 through 3), other renewable energy sources were identified that may offer alternatives to wind power and should be considered as part of the land use review. Awareness of potential energy generation facilities will help the Municipality accommodate them, if appropriate, through an effective and comprehensive planning approval process. 2.0 Energy Sources A review of the literature identified the following renewable energy sources that may be available in the MGH: Renewable Source: Wind Solar Hydropower Geothermal Biomass Associated Technology: Small scale ancillary applications. Large purpose built clusters of larger scale turbines. Photovoltaic Solar thermal Diversion Dams Dry steam Flash steam/binary cycle Combustion - Purpose grown renewable fuel - Agricultural by-products - manure - processing by-products - Municipal waste 1

4 Traditional non-renewable energy sources, including nuclear and fossil fuel, have not been researched as part of this discussion paper due to their well established technologies and unlikely development as smaller private facilities. At the same time, structural changes to the Ontario electricity market seek efficiency and renewable energy measures to reduce dependence on fossil fuel generation and help meet Kyoto Protocol objectives. Renewable energy sources are more appropriate given current energy policy guidelines and environmental, social and economic goals. 3.0 Wind Refer to Discussion Papers Nos. 1, 2 and Solar Solar energy has the opportunity to contribute significantly to the world s energy supply. 4.1 Resources Solar radiation is available everywhere on the earth s surface providing a power density of approximately 1 kilowatt per square meter. Energy availability is measured as Insolation the energy available per unit of area and per unit of time. Insolation varies over the earth s surface by approximately a factor of 2 with higher latitudes achieving approximately 800 kilowatt hours per square meter per year to a maximum of 2,500 kilowatt hours per year in dry dessert and/or equatorial regions. Local climatic conditions and location on the earth s surface can vary available power by up to a factor of 10 in high latitude areas. A global map of world solar availability is shown in Figure 1. 2

5 Figure 1: Global Solar Insolation mapping prepared by Solarex. Given the climatic conditions associated with the close proximity of the Great Lakes and higher latitude location, it is unlikely that the MGH would be considered as a area for large/commercial scale solar generation. Improving technologies and economics may one day change this. 4.2 Technology Solar resources are generally broken down into two categories Solar Photovoltaics and Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Photovoltaic conversion is the direct conversion of sunlight into energy using solar cells in flat plane or concentrator systems. In the solar cells, sunlight generates free electrons from the energy of light particles to generate electricity. 3

6 With an average power density of solar radiation between 10 and 300 watts/square meter and a conversion efficiency of 10 15%, substantial areas are required to capture and convert any significant amounts of energy. An example using the above figures, would be 600 to 2000 square metres of photovoltaic cells in a higher insolate area to generate as much electricity as a 1 megawatt wind turbine. This area would be larger (possibly up to 1,500 to 5,000 square metres) in marginal solar insolating areas like the MGH. This technology has grown rapidly over the last decade including a doubling of photovoltaic production between 1998 and In 2002, photovoltaic accounted for approximately 1/10 of the energy produced by wind turbines. This disparity is likely to be greater today given the more rapidly growing wind energy market. At the beginning of 2004, worldwide wind-generated capacity exceeded 39,000 MW and this is estimated to increase to 95,000 MW by Solar Thermal Technologies using solar thermal principles convert the sun s energy into heat energy which can then be applied to a variety of uses from water heating to steam for electrical generation. While early developments mainly centered on domestic hot water, new technologies allow for commercial scale power generation using parabolic troughs, parabolic dishes, central receivers and solar chimneys. Cloudless areas at lower elevations with little scattered radiation, such as desserts, are considered the most appropriate locations for solar thermal energy. Therefore, the primary markets for this form of generation are sunnier regions with warm temperate climates. Solar thermal systems are generally combined with established power generation facilities using steam as a supplement for intermediate and peak load applications. At this time, solar thermal technologies are generally not competitive at the commercial level but can be used in remote sites. Another form of solar thermal energy being developed are solar chimneys which heat air below glass panels at ground level and direct the heated air up through a central chimney to more cooler air. The temperature differentiation creates airflow which can be directed through turbines to generate electricity. One such project is currently in the approval stages in Australia and proposes a solar chimney 1000 metres high. 4.3 Issues Most photovoltaic generation projects are less than 1 megawatt. 4

7 Photovoltaic generation may prove to be a better alternative for smaller scale production in remote areas because of reduced operational and maintenance requirements. Solar thermal technologies can be easily integrated into existing power generation facilities using steam. Solar thermal technologies, particularly at these early stages of development, require higher solar insolation areas such as the sunbelt regions of the world not southern Ontario. Given the competitive disadvantage of solar thermal technology, it is unlikely that commercial power generation in the MGH would occur in the near future due to less favourable solar conditions. As of 2003, there was a total of 400 megawatts of installed solar thermal electricity production world wide. Solar thermal energy is considered the lowest cost solar electricity producing source which may be cost competitive with fossil fuel plants in the future. Energy policy and market position with other energy sources makes it a limited choice for renewable energy. 5.0 Hydropower Electricity generation from water is considered to be one of the best sources of renewable energy supplies. However, hydroelectric projects can have environmental impacts and high initial capital costs making them a limited option in most areas. 5.1 Resources Hydroelectricity generation is generally regarded as a mature technology unlikely to further advance. Hydroelectric power functions on the basis of falling water creating kinetic energy that is then directed through a turbine to generate electricity. Power generated is dependent on the distance the water is falling and the flow rate. While the MGH already has a hydroelectric facility through the use of Lake Eugenia, the area is unlikely able to support a new larger scale operation given the limited sized local water courses and proximity to the Niagara Escarpment a designated World Biosphere. 5

8 5.2 Technology As a mature technology, hydroelectric generation is not likely to advance significantly. Capital costs are highly variable depending on site characteristics and constraints. 5.3 Issues The following issues need be considered with this renewable energy source: The damming of rivers for larger scale projects has the potential for significant environmental impacts. Resulting reservoirs can provide a community recreation resource and offset seasonal flooding impacts downstream. Larger hydroelectric projects are often not referred to as renewable due to their potential environmental impacts. 6.0 Geothermal Geothermal plants use heat from the earth to generate steam to power turbines. 6.1 Resources Global installed capacity of geothermal plants was approximately 1/3 of total wind power capacity as of Spring Since this time, wind capacity has grown at a much faster rate than geothermal renewables. Geothermal power is limited to locations where geothermal pressure reserves are found (preferably close to the earth s surface). These areas are generally near the edges of tectonic plates however smaller reserves can be found elsewhere. It is unlikely, but unknown, if suitable geothermal resources are located within the MGH for larger scale geothermal applications. Localized mapping may be available upon further investigation at the hydrogeological level. 6.2 Technology The use of geothermal energy relies on expensive well drilling that may not always tap the necessary resource. Drilling technology is improving and these advancements will ultimately make sourcing geothermal resources a less risky and expensive venture. 6

9 Once the steam is harnessed, mature and proven technology for the generation of power through turbines can be implemented. 6.3 Issues The following issues need be considered with this renewable energy source: The gases contained in geothermal fluids can be an environmental concern, however, modern emission control technologies can reduce any impact. There is the potential for ground subsidence as steam is pulled from the earth, however reinjection may offset this risk. 7.0 Biomass Energy from biomass uses the combustion of biological material to generate steam and ultimately power. Energy from biomass is the second most widely used source of renewable energy after hydroelectricity. 7.1 Resources New technologies are resulting in new fuel sources such as wood, agricultural by-products, animal waste and municipal garbage. Given the agricultural nature of the MGH, viable biomass generation facilities could be entertained to complement and support existing agricultural operations. Agricultural operations can produce significant fuel resources as a by-product of existing grow operations (ie. grain by-products) or through crops grown specifically for biomass fuel. Livestock operations can also produce manure that can be used as a fuel. 7.2 Technology Direct biomass combustion plants ultimately use the same cycle of steam generation as those of other traditional generation facilities using fossil fuels. The only difference is the lower efficiency of the heating process due to the less concentrated nature of the fuel together with a higher water content. Some pre-processing of the material may be undertaken to improve its burning efficiency. 7

10 The most economical use of biomass is to co-fire it with coal facilities, however this will unlikely be an application within the MGH due to the lack of an existing facility and government policy that would discourage new coal fired facilities. The most promising source of biomass is from municipal waste which is currently used by the Region of Peel. Modern incineration is one of the least polluting industrial processes today. By burning garbage at high and constant temperatures, modern furnaces cut emissions and thoroughly scrub any remaining emissions to exceed minimum environmental requirements. Sweden and France incinerate 41% and 36% of their garbage respectively. All 300 waste incinerators in the European Union combine to produce less pollution than a single steel mill. While incinerators have a high capital cost and a higher garbage disposal rate, they represent a real opportunity to solve Ontario s waste disposal crisis and support its renewable energy policy. 7.3 Issues The following issues need be considered with this renewable energy source: The larger concern for biomass facilities is the cost of transporting fuel to the facility rather than whether sufficient quantities are available. Biomass plants have some of the same emission issues as fossil fuel plants. There is reliance on technology to ensure that the environmental benefit outweighs potential impact. Public perception of waste incineration is generally negative, based on stereotypical views from older technologies. European examples have demonstrated that this can be overcome. Modernized agriculture can produce adequate fuel supplies for viable energy conversion. While biomass generation can be carbon neutral, long term use in an area growing the fuel can have negative impacts on soil fertility, water use, landscape and biodiversity. The need for transportation of the fuel increases the need for road infrastructure and delivery vehicle emissions thus reducing the net environmental benefit. 8.0 Conclusion In summary, meaningful renewable energy sources on a large commercial scale within the Municipality of Grey Highlands appear to be limited to wind and biomass. It is unlikely that solar, hydropower and geothermal energy sources could be realized given local conditions. 8

11 The geographic location of the MGH, the reduced cost of wind energy technology and Government Policy are likely to result in wind energy proposals coming forward prior to the other renewable energy options outlined above. Evidence of this is demonstrated by recent wind energy proposals in Ontario and the Province s recent announcement supporting renewable energy facilities 50% of which will be wind based. Given that viable wind energy is now a reality, local planning policy should focus on this renewable resource now. 9

Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy.

Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Section 3 Conservation of Energy Objectives Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Give examples of how thermal energy is always a result of

More information

Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability. Monday, February 26, 18

Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability. Monday, February 26, 18 Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 37 Conservation, Efficiency, and Renewable Energy After reading this module you should be able to describe strategies to conserve energy and increase energy

More information

Renewable Energy Today

Renewable Energy Today Chapter 18 Renewable Energy Today Renewable Energy energy from a source that is constantly being reformed. Many governments are planning to increase their use of renewable energy resources. This will reduce

More information

Renewable Energy Sources. Lesson Plan: NRES F1-2

Renewable Energy Sources. Lesson Plan: NRES F1-2 Renewable Energy Sources Lesson Plan: NRES F1-2 1 Anticipated Problems 1. What are renewable energy sources? 2. What are advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources? 2 Terms biomass biopower

More information

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Renewable Energy Alternatives Renewable Energy Alternatives Reasons for Alternative Energy Fossil fuels won t last forever Renewable unlikely to run out Decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Less dependent on other nations

More information

Ch 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability

Ch 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Ch 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 38 Biomass and Water Module 39 Solar, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydrogen 4/16/18 Variation in Solar Radiation Potential Active Solar Energy captured from sunlight

More information

GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT ???? Law of Conservation of Energy. Three Major Components THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT ???? Law of Conservation of Energy. Three Major Components THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Q1 GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT Unit Essential Question: How are Earth s energy resources used to generate electricity What are the advantages and disadvantages

More information

Environmental Geography

Environmental Geography Environmental Geography Lecture 9 Renewable Energy Lecture 8: Energy Generation and Use I. Biomass II. Hydroelectric Power III. Wind Power IV. Solar Energy V. The Transition 1 I. Lecture 9 I. Lecture 9

More information

SAMPLE PAGE. Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson

SAMPLE PAGE. Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson Page 38 Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption originated

More information

CHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY

CHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY CHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY PREPARED BY NIKHIL V JONES 1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. ii) It should be easily available.

More information

Chapter 13. Achieving Energy Sustainability

Chapter 13. Achieving Energy Sustainability Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Energy from the Moon Tidal energy Moon power Capture energy in moving water Clean source of energy Efficient source of energy Roosevelt Island First commercial

More information

Section 1: Renewable Energy Today

Section 1: Renewable Energy Today Section 1: Renewable Energy Today Preview Bellringer Objectives Renewable Energy Solar Energy-Power from the Sun Passive Solar Heating Active Solar Heating Photovoltaic Cells Section 1: Renewable Energy

More information

Uma. V Embassy Public School

Uma. V Embassy Public School Uma. V Embassy Public School Contents Introduction Need for renewable energy Sources of renewable energy Advantages of renewable energy Forms of renewable energy Sun, our saviour Introduction Energy is

More information

Section 2: Energy and Resources

Section 2: Energy and Resources Section 2: Energy and Resources Preview Key Ideas Bellringer The Search for Resources Making Oil Worldwide Energy Use by Fuel Type Alternative Sources of Energy The Efficiency of Energy Conversion Key

More information

ENERGY. Crude oil, natural gas, pitch, coal, wind, water, sun (solar energy), uranium, plutonium (nuclear energy)

ENERGY. Crude oil, natural gas, pitch, coal, wind, water, sun (solar energy), uranium, plutonium (nuclear energy) ENERGY ENERGY Energy is the force which generates the capacity to work In order to perform mental and physical activities, man uses energy. This energy is derived from food. Man utilizes different skills

More information

Refresh. What is non-renewable energy? What are some examples? What are some good things about renewable energy?

Refresh. What is non-renewable energy? What are some examples? What are some good things about renewable energy? Refresh What is non-renewable energy? What are some examples? What are some good things about renewable energy? What are some bad things about renewable energy? Renewable Energy Sources https://sites.google.com/site/sciencesvn3e/home/chapter-4-using-energy-in-our-lives

More information

Section 1. Electricity and Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 1. Electricity and Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 7 Earth s Natural Resources Section 1 Electricity and Your Community What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Compare energy resources used to generate electricity in the United

More information

Environmental Resources: Renewable & Non-Renewable Resources & Energy

Environmental Resources: Renewable & Non-Renewable Resources & Energy Directions: Fill in the blanks. Renewable Resources & Energy Segment 1. Renewable Resources Are significant resources which can be replenished and reused to reduce negative environmental Are used as a

More information

SUN DAY CAMPAIGN 6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite #340 Takoma Park, MD , ext.23

SUN DAY CAMPAIGN 6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite #340 Takoma Park, MD , ext.23 SUN DAY CAMPAIGN 6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite #340 Takoma Park, MD 20912 301-270-6477, ext.23 sun-day-campaign@hotmail.com SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STUDY #27 Black & Veatch Study Identifies 5,000 MW of Renewable

More information

Lesson 5 Energy. OAA Science Lesson 5 52

Lesson 5 Energy. OAA Science Lesson 5 52 Lesson 5 Energy OAA Science Lesson 5 52 Name Date Period Student Lesson 5: Energy Reference Sheet: Energy - is the ability to do work or cause change - can be changed from one form to another - cannot

More information

UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO

UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO 1. WHAT IS ENERGY? Definition: Energy is a physical quantity which produces a change or an effect Unit: International System Joule (J) Other Calorie (cal) 1cal =4,19J

More information

Power Technologies. Question. Answer. Energy is the ability to do work or change the system. Answer. Question. What are the various sources of energy?

Power Technologies. Question. Answer. Energy is the ability to do work or change the system. Answer. Question. What are the various sources of energy? What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work or change the system. What are the various sources of energy? Fossil fuels Oil (Petroleum) Propane Natural gas Coal Alternative fuels Nuclear Wind Solar

More information

KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER ENERGY Shell Global Solutions International B.V.

KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER ENERGY Shell Global Solutions International B.V. KNOWLEDGE EXPANDER ENERGY WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY? ENERGY CONSERVATION involves reducing energy consumption, largely through behavioural change. ENERGY

More information

SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON

SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON Characteristics of a good fuel: (iv) High calorific value (v) Less smoke (vi) Less residue after burning (vii) Easy availability (viii) Inexpensive (ix)

More information

Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation

Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Overview of Chapter 13 Direct Solar Energy Indirect Solar Energy Wind Biomass Hydropower Geothermal Tidal High and Low Technology Energy Solutions Direct Solar

More information

Curriculum Connections for re- energy.ca

Curriculum Connections for re- energy.ca Curriculum Connections for re- energy.ca Science, Grades 6 to 12 Alberta & Northwest Territories SCIENCE 7 Heat and Temperature Overall apply an understanding of heat and temperature in interpreting natural

More information

Natural Resources. Mr. Dvorin Muir Middle School

Natural Resources. Mr. Dvorin Muir Middle School Natural Resources Mr. Dvorin Muir Middle School NONRENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES HMMMM... What do you think nonrenewable resources are? Break it down... Nonrenewable? Resource? NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

More information

I ve Got the Power! Types of Energy and how it affects our lives.

I ve Got the Power! Types of Energy and how it affects our lives. I ve Got the Power! Types of Energy and how it affects our lives. Categories Energy is broken down into 2 categories RENEWABLE And NON-RENEWABLE RENEWABLE Energy that comes from a source that can be replenished

More information

Exploring Energy Science Texts for Close Reading

Exploring Energy Science Texts for Close Reading Science Texts for Close Reading Solar Energy Solar energy is a way to harness sunlight for heating or electricity. There are different ways to convert sunlight into usable energy. Concentrated solar power

More information

Solar panels The Fizzics Organisation

Solar panels The Fizzics Organisation Most solar panels installed on houses in the last few years convert the energy of sunlight directly into electrical energy. These are photovoltaic cells. Solar panels 3 This electricity can be used around

More information

Would / Does tidal power work? How does it work? In what ways is tidal power an improvement on wind and solar power?

Would / Does tidal power work? How does it work? In what ways is tidal power an improvement on wind and solar power? APES Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Intro: Energy from the Moon? Would / Does tidal power work? How does it work? In what ways is tidal power an improvement on wind and solar power? What are

More information

Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation

Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Overview of Chapter 13 Direct Solar Energy Indirect Solar Energy Wind Biomass Hydropower Geothermal Tidal High and Low Technology Energy Solution Direct Solar

More information

Activity 3 Information sheet

Activity 3 Information sheet Activity 3 Information sheet Type of energy Solar Where is it from Energy from sunlight is caught in solar panels and turned into electricity. Advantages The sun will always be there during our lifetime.

More information

Energy. Solar Energy. Energy Resource A natural resource that. humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable.

Energy. Solar Energy. Energy Resource A natural resource that. humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable. Energy Solar Energy Energy Resource A natural resource that humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable. energy sources are replaced by natural processes at least as quickly as they

More information

Chapter 18 Renewable Energy

Chapter 18 Renewable Energy Chapter 18 Renewable Energy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Habitat loss, soil erosion, and air pollution are disadvantages of which renewable energy source? a. solar c. biomass fuel b. wind d. moving water C DIF:

More information

Earth s Energy Resources: GeothermaL

Earth s Energy Resources: GeothermaL Earth s Energy Resources: GeothermaL Geothermal energy comes from heat deep under the ground. This energy is produced in the core of the Earth. The heat from the core can melt rock into magma. The magma

More information

ELE2212 Lecture 2: Introduction to Renewable Energy. Dwight Reid

ELE2212 Lecture 2: Introduction to Renewable Energy. Dwight Reid ELE2212 Lecture 2: Introduction to Renewable Energy Resources Dwight Reid doreid@utech.edu.jm Introduction What is Renewable Energy Renewable energy can be defined as energy sources that are constantly

More information

Unit 4 Energy Review. Student. 1. Which is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy? A. Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas.

Unit 4 Energy Review. Student. 1. Which is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy? A. Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas. Unit 4 Energy Review Student 1. Which is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy? A. Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas. B. Wind turbines occupy a small area of land. C. Wind

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY Introduction FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY Energy from the sun is available at every place on the earth. People do not realize that daily life would not be possible without the presence of the sun. In ancient

More information

ENERGY 1: RESOURCES. Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

ENERGY 1: RESOURCES. Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon ENERGY 1: RESOURCES Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon Types of Energy Energy: the ability to do work (joules) (amt. of E to lift an apple 1m) Energy comes in many forms. FORMS of ENERGY: Thermal energy: energy from

More information

Generating Electricity

Generating Electricity Worksheet 3 Generating Electricity In most power stations, electricity is generated by burning fuels. Coal, oil and natural gas are the common fuels for generating electricity. Major parts of a power station

More information

Ch Energy. Energy = the ability to do work; energy is transferred by a force moving an object over a distance

Ch Energy. Energy = the ability to do work; energy is transferred by a force moving an object over a distance Ch. 15 - Energy Energy = the ability to do work; energy is transferred by a force moving an object over a distance Work --> a transfer of energy (when work is done on an object, energy is transferred to

More information

1) Fact, Advantage, or Disadvantage? 2) How we use Our Energy Sources Solar Energy. How Do We Use Our Energy Sources?

1) Fact, Advantage, or Disadvantage? 2) How we use Our Energy Sources Solar Energy. How Do We Use Our Energy Sources? 1) Fact, Advantage, or Disadvantage? 2) How we use Our Energy Sources Solar Energy 3) Graphs (homework??) 4) Study for test on Monday!!! How Do We Use Our Energy Sources? Biomass Coal Geothermal Hydropower

More information

Plate Tectonics and the Geology of Montana. Energy Resources

Plate Tectonics and the Geology of Montana. Energy Resources Plate Tectonics and the Geology of Montana Energy Resources http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm

More information

Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Check the Source! How do people use energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. People use energy to heat and cool their homes, provide light, manufacture goods, produce and prepare food, and move vehicles.

More information

WORK Potential Kinetic

WORK Potential Kinetic Energy What is energy? - Ability to do WORK - The transfer of energy is work, power is the rate at which energy is transferred. - There are many forms of energy (chemical, mechanical, nuclear, thermal,

More information

- renewable - cheap - no pollution. - expensive equipment - no energy on cloudy or rainy days

- renewable - cheap - no pollution. - expensive equipment - no energy on cloudy or rainy days Alternative Energy Solar Power The heat from the sun can be used to heat water for use in pools and stoves. Solar power can also be used to make electricity. In California's Mojave Desert, there are huge

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are continually and sustainably replenished such as the sun, the flow of water, or other natural processes. By

More information

Energy Source Uses. Biomass

Energy Source Uses. Biomass Energy Source Uses Biomass Uses: produce heat to manufacture products, candles, fireplaces, and campfires, woodstoves, fireplaces, and campfires, ethanol and gasohol for vehicles, waste to energy and co

More information

Fossil Fuels and Energy

Fossil Fuels and Energy Fossil Fuels and Energy What is a Fossil Fuel? A combustible (can catch on fire) material, found deep in the Earth s crust that has been under pressure for millions of years. There are 3 types of Fossil

More information

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable. Solar Energy: The Ultimate Renewable Resource Bhavik Shah What is Solar Energy? Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation

More information

Large gas reserves are found in: The Arctic Islands Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta Eastern Canada offshore basin Western Canada

Large gas reserves are found in: The Arctic Islands Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta Eastern Canada offshore basin Western Canada 1 12. Natural Gas It is formed from the remains of plankton that fell to the bottom of the sea, which were changed into gases over millions of years Since natural gas is lighter than both oil and water

More information

Introduction to Energy

Introduction to Energy Introduction to Energy Get Energized! What are two types of energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. There are two general types

More information

Coal. Biomass. Advantages. Disadvantages. Disadvantages. Advantages

Coal. Biomass. Advantages. Disadvantages. Disadvantages. Advantages Biomass Renewable energy source Can be quickly regrown Can be used to make ethanol, a cleaner fuel than gasoline Doesn't have as much energy as fossil fuels, so more biomass must be burned to get the same

More information

THE ALTERNATIVE GENERATION Emerging technologies for renewable energy sources

THE ALTERNATIVE GENERATION Emerging technologies for renewable energy sources Community Research EUROPEAN COMMISSION THE ALTERNATIVE GENERATION Emerging technologies for renewable energy sources T he introduction of renewable energy sources will diversify European energy supply

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES State of Renewable Energy Only 6% of energy used in U.S.; 18% of world s energy use Why so low, if most renewable energies are environmentally friendly and potentially limitless?

More information

Chapter 14: Sources of Energy

Chapter 14: Sources of Energy Chapter 14: Sources of Energy Question 1 What is a good source of energy? A good source of energy would be one, 1. Which would do a large amount of work per unit volume or per unit mass 2. Which would

More information

MODULE: 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS

MODULE: 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS MODULE: 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM 3 4 5 6 INSTALLABLE POTENTIAL AND CAPACITIES SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY BIO-ENERGY Small-scale

More information

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Advanced Placement ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Renewable Energy STUDENT 2014 Renewable Energy The worldwide demand for energy has soared. Human population is increasing exponentially with the emergence of large

More information

Biomass. Coal. 10 Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities. Description of biomass: Renewable or nonrenewable: Description of photosynthesis:

Biomass. Coal. 10 Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities. Description of biomass: Renewable or nonrenewable: Description of photosynthesis: Biomass Description of biomass: Description of photosynthesis: Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use: Who uses biomass and for what purposes: Effect of using biomass on the environment: Important

More information

Ontario s Renewable Energy Standard Offer Program. June 2008

Ontario s Renewable Energy Standard Offer Program. June 2008 Ontario s Renewable Energy Standard Offer Program June 2008 Renewable Energy for Ontario A Growing Reality It s an enticing and exciting prospect: virtually unlimited, everlasting, clean and sustainable

More information

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY. Ajay Kumar Jakhar

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY. Ajay Kumar Jakhar RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY Ajay Kumar Jakhar Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. In

More information

Overview of renewable energy

Overview of renewable energy Overview of renewable energy Outline What is renewable energy? Renewable energy sources Renewable energy technologies: - Characteristics - Uses What is renewable energy? Energy that doesn t run out! Energy

More information

OVERVIEW OF SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES

OVERVIEW OF SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Introduction There are three solar thermal power systems currently being developed by U.S. industry: parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engine systems. Because these technologies involve a thermal

More information

Onshore Renewable Energy

Onshore Renewable Energy Onshore Renewable Energy 20/01/16 Andy Bazley Senior Underwriter Agenda 1. Financial incentives: ROC & FITs 2. Wind Turbines 3. Solar Energy 4. Hydroelectric 5. Biomass & Biogas 6. Anaerobic Digestion

More information

Facility produces at least as much energy on-site as it uses in a year

Facility produces at least as much energy on-site as it uses in a year Marc Claas, Research Intern Doug Reindl, Director Industrial Refrigeration Consortium University of Wisconsin-Madison What is Net-Zero? Net-Zero Site Energy Facility produces at least as much energy on-site

More information

Hydroelectric Power. Renewable Energy Sources

Hydroelectric Power. Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources Hydroelectric power ~ 5% - 10% Solar energy - not large scale here Geothermal Energy - used in CA Wind Energy - various places (~1.3% of CA use) Tidal Power - not in US (used in

More information

Alternate Energy Sources

Alternate Energy Sources Alternate Energy Sources Sustainable or renewable energy Energy that is renewable and is not being depleted: solar, wind, water (including geothermal and tidal) States with Renewable Energy Goals 1 Terminology

More information

Halesworth U3A Science Group

Halesworth U3A Science Group Halesworth U3A Science Group POWER FOR THE FUTURE Wind, Solar, Gas, Fusion + Storage Ken Derham Includes quotations from publicly available internet sources Wind Power. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy

More information

Solar Thermal Energy

Solar Thermal Energy Solar Thermal Energy Content Fundamentals of Solar Energy Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar Collectors Power Systems from Solar Thermal Fundamentals of Solar Energy Solar energy is the energy

More information

25,000. Energy use in Uralla Town and Shire. The energy context. MEGAwatt hours. Firewood in Uralla 45% Uralla's Electricty GRID

25,000. Energy use in Uralla Town and Shire. The energy context. MEGAwatt hours. Firewood in Uralla 45% Uralla's Electricty GRID The energy context Energy use in Uralla Town and Shire What energy is used? Uralla's primary energy needs (excluding transport) are meet by electricity and firewood with a modest use of LPG gas. Electricity

More information

Work done = force distance. The distance moved in the formula must be the distance moved in the direction of the force.

Work done = force distance. The distance moved in the formula must be the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work If a builder is lifting up a stone, we say that he is doing work. Similarly, you would be doing work when you carry your school bag up a flight of steps to your classroom. Work is done when a force

More information

Introduction to Renewable Technologies

Introduction to Renewable Technologies Course Syllabus Introduction to Renewable Technologies Course Description Interested in transforming energy? With concerns about climate change and growing populations effects on traditional energy supplies,

More information

sources, conserving energy & efficiency.notebook. December 15, Sources of Electrical Energy: How does a generator work?

sources, conserving energy & efficiency.notebook. December 15, Sources of Electrical Energy: How does a generator work? Sources of Electrical Energy Efficiency Cost of Electricity SNC 1P/D Sources of Electrical Energy: Energy comes in many different forms, including kinetic energy (energy of motion), chemical energy (energy

More information

Calorie Unit to measure amount of energy in foods and fuels.

Calorie Unit to measure amount of energy in foods and fuels. Measuring Energy: Calorie Unit to measure amount of energy in foods and fuels. One calorie = amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Watt Unit used

More information

L I D E. Earth s Ultimate Energy Source. Hydroelectric Power. Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro

L I D E. Earth s Ultimate Energy Source. Hydroelectric Power. Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro Chapter 0 nergy for Tomorrow: olar and Other Renewable nergy Resources arth s Ultimate nergy ource Provides more energy than we need to solve all of our energy needs

More information

AP Environmental Science II. Unit 2-2: Alternative Energy

AP Environmental Science II. Unit 2-2: Alternative Energy NOTE/STUDY GUIDE: Unit 2-2, Alternative Energy AP Environmental Science II, Mr. Doc Miller, M.Ed. North Central High School Name: ID#: NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE AP Environmental Science

More information

Sources of Electricity

Sources of Electricity Sources of Electricity S C I E N C E L I N K S 9 U N I T 4 T O P I C 4. 1 B R A I N P O P S : E N E R G Y S O U R C E S N U C L E A R E N E R G Y W I N D E N E R G Y S O L A R E N E R G Y F O S S I L F

More information

Critique of Natural Energy Resources

Critique of Natural Energy Resources In this activity, you will differentiate renewable and non-renewable and develop an argument/claim for one resource. Please answer the following questions in complete sentences. Part 1: Natural Review

More information

Academic Year Second Term. Science Revision sheets

Academic Year Second Term. Science Revision sheets Academic Year 2016-2017 Second Term Science Revision sheets Name: Grade:8 Date: Section: (A) Science Practice : Q1: Choose the letter of the choice that best answer the questions: 1. Coal is a natural

More information

ALTERNATIVES IN THE USA

ALTERNATIVES IN THE USA SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES IN THE USA Presented to IEEE OTTAWA SECTION & PES CHAPTER SEPTEMBER 16, 2010 OTTAWA, CANADA By ALAN C. ROTZ IEEE PES PRESIDENT MY PERSONAL BACKGROUND Active member of IEEE

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency the amount of useful energy produced compared to the amount wasted as heat (2 nd Law of Thermodynamics); built into the device or system,

More information

Renewable energy (RE) is any energy source that naturally replenishes and cannot be exhausted. Renewable energies include:

Renewable energy (RE) is any energy source that naturally replenishes and cannot be exhausted. Renewable energies include: What is Renewable Energy? With greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions as the the primary contributor to human-caused climate change, one countermeasure that can be taken to limit our impact on the climate is by

More information

Introduction to Renewable Technologies

Introduction to Renewable Technologies Course Syllabus Introduction to Renewable Technologies Course Code: EDL071 Course Description Cars that run on used vegetable oil. Electricity produced from your garbage. A windmill made from spare bicycle

More information

Natural Resources. Renewable Energy Resources. Renewable Energy Resources

Natural Resources. Renewable Energy Resources. Renewable Energy Resources Natural Resources Renewable Energy Resources What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement

More information

Environmental Science Sixth Edition

Environmental Science Sixth Edition Environmental Science Sixth Edition Daniel B. Botkin Edward A. Keller 978--47-499-7 CHAPTER 19 Alternative Energy and the Environment Introduction Fossil Fuels supply about 9% of energy All others are

More information

Energy Vocabulary. Word Definition Memory Aid the ability to cause an object to 1. energy move, change, or work

Energy Vocabulary. Word Definition Memory Aid the ability to cause an object to 1. energy move, change, or work the ability to cause an object to 1. move, change, or work 2. trade-off something that you do not want, but have to accept in order to have something that you want (disadvantage) 3. variable a changing

More information

Science 7 Unit C: Heat and Temperature. Topic 7. Sources of Thermal Energy. pp WORKBOOK. Name:

Science 7 Unit C: Heat and Temperature. Topic 7. Sources of Thermal Energy. pp WORKBOOK. Name: Science 7 Unit C: Heat and Temperature Topic 7 Sources of Thermal Energy pp. 238-247 WORKBOOK Name: Read p. 238 TASK: Complete the Find Out Activity on p. 238 Energy Inputs for Energy Outputs Please record

More information

Energy. There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis.

Energy. There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis. Energy Energy Energy is all around us There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis. In this section we will discuss the various forms of energy as well as how they can

More information

16.3 Electric generators and transformers

16.3 Electric generators and transformers ElEctromagnEts and InductIon Chapter 16 16.3 Electric generators and transformers Motors transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric generators do the opposite. They transform mechanical

More information

Chapter: Chapter 15-16: Alternative Energy and the Environment. a) deposition of organic-poor material b) elevated temperatures and pressures

Chapter: Chapter 15-16: Alternative Energy and the Environment. a) deposition of organic-poor material b) elevated temperatures and pressures Chapter: Chapter 15-16: Alternative Energy and the Environment 1. Which of the following geological processes INITIATES the chemical transformation of the sediment s organic material into oil and/or gas?

More information

Notes & Worksheets. By: Create your own Genius. Alternative Energy

Notes & Worksheets. By: Create your own Genius. Alternative Energy Notes & Worksheets By: Create your own Genius Alternative Energy Alternative Energy Notes *Alternative energy sources must have a natural process that can be used to produce energy. *Alternative energy

More information

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PACING GUIDE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PACING GUIDE COURSE CODE: 2001340 UNIT TITLE: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE SEMESTER: Grading Period: 1 4 COURSE NAME: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How will society reach a sustainable future for the

More information

2010 Culver Media, LLC 1

2010 Culver Media, LLC 1 Alternating current Also known as AC power, alternating current is electricity that reverses direction within a circuit. The electricity we use in our homes does this 120 times per second. Appliances Devices

More information

Chapter: Conserving Resources

Chapter: Conserving Resources Table of Contents Chapter: Conserving Resources Section 1: Resources Section 2: Pollution Section 3: The Three Rs of Conservation Chapter 19 Section 1- Natural Resources What are fossil fuels? *Fossil

More information

Low Cost Solar. New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab

Low Cost Solar. New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab SHEC ENERGY CORPORATION! MAY 2012 Low Cost Solar New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab Breakthrough Technology Imagine producing solar power for similar or less cost than

More information

Name Date Class. How do fuels provide energy? What are the three major fossil fuels? Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources?

Name Date Class. How do fuels provide energy? What are the three major fossil fuels? Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources? Chapter 12 Energy and Material Resources Section 1 Summary Fossil Fuels How do fuels provide energy? What are the three major fossil fuels? Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources? A fuel

More information

FUTURE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

FUTURE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FUTURE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Electronics Heat Transportation Computers Food Preparation Communication And Many More Fossil Fuels Oil Coal Natural Gas Main types of renewable energy Solar energy

More information

Author: Marcello De Falco, Associate Professor, University UCBM Rome (Italy)

Author: Marcello De Falco, Associate Professor, University UCBM Rome (Italy) Renewable Technologies Energy Key Author: Marcello De Falco, Associate Professor, University UCBM Rome (Italy) 1. Theme description Human technology has always looked for solutions to exploit the wide

More information

pdfmachine trial version

pdfmachine trial version GREEN POWER A WAY AHEAD By Engr. Aftab Islam Agha Introduction Today the energy sources used to create electricity differ in many ways, including in their environmental impacts. Electricity markets are

More information