Biomass to Energy Opportunities & Challenges in India The investment case for sustainable production systems

Transcription

1 Biomass to Energy Opportunities & Challenges in India The investment case for sustainable production systems tcbiomass Nov 2015, Westin River North, Chicago Ramakrishna Y B Chairman Working Group on Bio Fuels, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas Government f India E Mail : ybramakrishna@gmail.com

2 Historical background World s first Bio gas plant set up in Matunga, Mumbai in 1892 Power petrol was sold in Mumbai between (20% Ethanol blends) World largest population dependent on woody bio mass for cooking live in India World s first low density Bio mass based power generating unit (Rankine cycle) established in 2001 Varieties of home grown solutions ranging from efficient smoke less cook stoves, Bio methanation, Bio gasifiers, Pyrolyses, fermentation, bio oil to esterification, to 2 nd generation Ethanol

3 Government of India Initiatives on Bio Energy in the past MNRE (Ministry for new & renewable energy) has in place renewable energy policy covering Bio energy Bio fuel policy adopted in Dec 2009 with 20% blending target by 2017 Roles of various ministries such as agriculture, rural development, environment & forest DST and DBT defined Bio Diesel Mission taken up in to bring focus on Bio diesel. Completely shelved in 2010 Many programs for smoke less cook stoves, cow dung based bio methanation plants and bio gasifiers for rural electrification initiated States like Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and UP have well defined Bio fuel programs in place

4 Reality check in end 2014 Solid bio mass based cook stoves all expensive stoves produced and supplied by corporate under government subsidy program were stored away in attics. The inexpensive lively hood models with no govt. support meets with partial success but no scaling 4 million Cow dung based bio gas units dysfunctional Bio gasifiers for rural electrification no scaling up as supply chain issues and feed in tariff not tackled End of life plastic to fuel more than 150 Pyrolyses units operational inferior technology Bio Ethanol blending at 1.7% on pan India basis as against notified target of 5% in 17 and 10% in 5 States Bio Diesel blending had not taken off. Bio diesel Mission and Jatropha did not deliver

5 New Initiatives in 2015 Revisit Bio Energy policy. Recast all bio energy programs. New Renewable Energy Act ready to be placed before the parliament A new Bio mass cook stove announced to Spend Rs Million in 3 years A task force on Bio Gas production constituted. A detailed road map is being drawn. 10 million small bio gas plants planned for rural and semi urban areas based on cow dung, kitchen waste and agri. Residues to replace LPG besides revival of 4 million dysfunctional units 100,000 large bio gas planned with agri. residue and MSW for production of Bio CNG to replace CNG for transport and industrial applications A massive Bio mass study, Characterisation, technology mapping for up scaling bio energy under way All targets to be reached by 2022

6 Bio Mass availability Fourteen crops and twenty biomass residues were covered under TIFAC study in Sugarcane, Rice and Wheat are the most grown crops in India accounting for over 91 per cent of the production of crops. Total of biomass residues is in the order of 650 million Metric tonnes per annum The top four states generating these residues are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab. Surplus Bio mass from these crops is in the order of 200 million metric tonnes per annum as per TIFAC study The current estimates show a surplus of over 320 million metric tonnes The current study will focus on all major crops and some minor crops, final report in about an years time will put a dynamic system in place and characterize each of the bio mass in locations

7 New Initiatives in 2015 All hurdles on Bio Ethanol blending program cleared. Blending jumps from 1.7% to 3.5% in six months on way to reach 5% target by end of fiscal year in Mar Target 20% by The requirement of Ethanol will be approximately 4 million tonnes for 20% blending Bio diesel blending program pilot started in August 2015 in 18 cities. 5% blending mandate being contemplated in 4-5 states in next 2 months. 3% all India target by The requirement of Bio diesel in 2022 will be 3 million tonnes Bio fuel cell, National working group on Bio fuels set up at Ministry of Petroleum. A working group in Ministry of New & Renewable energy is set up Hon. Prime Minister announces 10% reduction of crude oil import by 2022 and target to replace it with Bio fuels.

8 New Initiatives in 2015 Indian Railways largest consumer of diesel in the world start 5% blending of bio diesel in 48 out of 250 depots Haldia Port declared Green port starts 20% bio diesel blending. Other ports to follow. Karnataka Road transport starts 20% biodiesel blending. 5 More state road transport corporations to follow All Oil Marketing Companies directed to set up commercial scale 2 nd generation Ethanol plants with home grown technologies MOU s signed in Punjab, Gujarat & Assam for setting up totally 650,000 tonnes of 2 nd generation Ethanol from Rice straw, cotton and bamboo with investment and technologies from Europe MSW to Energy Exploring technology options, Policy and institutional frame work is currently being reviewed 15 PSU s to invest in setting up demo/pilot plants

9 Looking ahead Committed leadership New Policy frame works, clear road maps, mandates and implementation strategies being worked out Resource (land, water, human) assessment, application of appropriate technologies to address rural energy needs is underway Mechanisms for community participation in the entire value chain for maximising benefits and to create winwin situation - Production for Masses and Production by Masses to become the Mantra Institutional mechanisms to be put in place for promotion, planning, implementation and monitoring of Bio energy programs involving Central, State and local governments, Academia, Ngo s, communities, financial Institutions and private sector Advocacy, training, skill development and capacity building emphasised

10 Earth has enough resources to meet peoples needs, but will never have enough to satisfy people s greed M K Gandhi Being part of the solution Thank You