INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAM

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1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAM Structure and Organization Information in this program is presented in a definite order, so that employees will see the relationships between the various groups of information and can retain them more easily. The sections included in the program are: The characteristics of asbestos. Uses of asbestos in the workplace. The effects of asbestos exposure. Locating asbestos in the workplace. Monitoring the condition of asbestos. Potentially hazardous custodial and maintenance activities. Using personal protective equipment. Appropriate cleanup methods. Air monitoring. Medical surveillance programs. Each of the sections covers important information in one topic area, providing employees with general knowledge about working in environments where they may encounter asbestos or asbestos-containing materials. Background Asbestos is sometimes called the "silent killer". This is because there are no visible warning signs that asbestos is particularly hazardous. Also, no

2 immediate side-effects are experienced by workers after exposure. But this common mineral, found in many buildings constructed before 1980, can cause lung disease, cancer and even death if not handled safely. For years the federal government has been concerned about worker exposure to asbestos and asbestos-containing materials (ACMs). After much research and public debate, OSHA published the final rule for the Asbestos Standard in August of 1994, and made several revisions to the standard in June of The standard covers approximately four million workers in industrial, construction and shipbuilding environments. As part of the Asbestos Standard, all maintenance and custodial staff who work in buildings that may contain asbestos or ACMs must receive training, whether or not working directly with asbestos or ACMs is considered to be part of their job. This reflects OSHA's focus on "potential exposure" of any type. OSHA is convinced that many of the problems associated with asbestos exposure in the past have been due to a lack of knowledge about the proper methods needed to handle asbestos and ACMs. This is why the Standard requires that workers who don't really work directly with asbestos, but who may have incidental exposure, must receive at least "asbestos awareness" training. 0 bjectives To help address OSHA's concerns, and provide the awareness training needed by employees under the regulation, this program is designed to present fundamental information in a number of areas. Upon completion of the program, employees should: Understand how long-term exposure to asbestos can harm the human body. Recognize the areas where asbestos may be located in their facility. Know which asbestos and asbestos-containing materials should be repaired and/or removed.

3 Understand how to avoid potentially hazardous maintenance and custodial activities that could lead to asbestos exposure. Know what personal protective equipment to use to protect against asbestos exposure. Understand which safe work practices should be used when helping with a minor asbestos cleanup. Understand why, when there is the potential for exposure to asbestos, air monitoring and medical surveillance can be important elements in providing a safer workplace. Reviewing the Program As with any educational program, the "presenter" should go through the entire program at least once to become familiar with the content and make sure the program is consistent with facility policy and directives. An "outline" of the points in the program is included in this Presenter's Guide to help with this task and for general reference. As part of this review process, you should determine how you, as the presenter, will conduct your session. The use of materials such as handouts, charts, etc., that may be available to you needs to be well thought out and integrated into the overall program presentation.

4 OUTLINE OF MAJOR PROGRAM POINTS The following outline summarizes the major points of information presented in the program. The outline can be used to review the program before conducting a classroom session, as well as in preparing to lead a class discussion about the program. Asbestos is a mineral which has many positive qualities. It is: - Fireproof. - Heat-resistant. - Lightweight. - Resistant to most chemicals. - Sound-absorbing. - And it does not conduct electricity. Products that contain asbestos can be helpful, but they can also be very harmful. - Asbestos has hidden dangers that you need to know about. While most rocks break down into tiny particles, like grains of sand, asbestos breaks down into small fibers, like strands of rope. - These fibers are invisible to the human eye - You need a powerful microscope to see them. - They have the strength of steel. The biggest problem when dealing with asbestos fibers is that you can not: - See them. - Taste them. - Smell them. If asbestos fibers enter your body, they can cause severe damage.

5 Asbestos has been used throughout the building and construction industry. In the past it was: - Mixed with plaster and wallboard for strength and support. - Sprayed onto wall, ceilings, and steel girders for fireproofing. - Wrapped around pipes, boilers and heating ducts for insulation. - Used in floor and ceiling tiles. Several types of workers need to know about the hazards of working with or near asbestos: - Custodians. - Engineers. - Maintenance personnel. Asbestos hazards are so serious that OSHA has issued a standard requiring that when employees are working around asbestos they must be: - Trained. - Monitored. - Protected. As part of the training in this program, you will learn: - The health risks and effects of long-term asbestos exposure. - How to recognize and deal with possible asbestos hazards. - The content of your employer's asbestos management plan. Asbestos fibers can float in the air for long periods of time, and can be easily inhaled. - They can cause severe damage to the lungs. - Yet in most instances there are not any immediate side-effects.

6 This exposure to asbestos fibers can lead to a disease known as "asbestosis". - It can cause shortness of breath. - It may also cause enlargement of the heart. - In extreme cases, it can even cause death. Long-term exposure to asbestos fibers can also lead to cancer. People who smoke are especially vulnerable to asbestos. - Cigarette smoke breaks down the lungs' defensive system, and leaves them vulnerable to asbestos fibers. - Smokers are over 50 times more likely to become sick after long-term exposure to asbestos. Some of the ways to reduce your exposure to asbestos include knowing: - Where it is located in your work areas. - How to recognize potential problems. - What to do if you find damaged asbestos materials. If asbestos-containing materials are located in your workplace, your facility will have an "asbestos management plan." - The plan will contain a list of asbestos materials. There should also be a sign or a label at each location where asbestos is located to warn you. - Notify your supervisor if there is not a sign where asbestos may be present. Asbestos materials that you may encounter generally fit into two categories: - "Friable." - "Non-friable." "Friable" asbestos material can be easily damaged or broken: - This can release dangerous fibers into the air.

7 "Non-friable" material is not damaged as easily, but can also release asbestos fibers. The three most common materials that contain asbestos are: - Thermal system insulation. - Floor tiles. - Sprayed-on materials. Thermal system insulation is the most common type of "friable" asbestos material, and can be found on: - Boilers. - Utility pipes. - Ductwork. - Heating systems. Keep a special look-out for possible problems with this asbestos material. - Even a small tear in the insulation is a potential hazard. If you encounter damaged insulation, minimize the chance of exposure by acting quickly. - Secure the area, even if you are not sure that the material contains asbestos. - Post a warning sign. - Immediately notify your supervisor, your facility's environmental manager or an outside company (if appropriate). If you can not fix the situation immediately, you may be asked to temporarily patch the damaged area. - Before starting work, put on appropriate personal protective equipment (this may include gloves, a respirator and disposable overalls). - Wrap the damaged material with strong plastic. - Secure it with duct tape. The professionals will find a more permanent solution. - When they arrive, keep clear and let them do their work.

8 Never handle or remove any asbestos material unless you are authorized and properly equipped. - If asbestos material needs to be removed, first talk to your supervisor to find out who in your facility is qualified. Floor tiles, as well as the glue used to stick the tiles to the ground, can also contain asbestos. - Although floor tiles are non-friable, if they are damaged they can still release fibers. - Look for cuts, grooves or cracks in the material. - If you notice damage, seal off the area and notify your supervisor. - Do not grind, cut or break apart floor tiles, since this could release fibers. If you need to strip a floor's finish, use the "wet method". - Dampen the floor so asbestos fibers are less likely to become airborne. - Use a low abrasion pad, at speeds of less than 300 rpm, for safe cleaning. Ceiling tiles may also contain asbestos. - Be careful when changing light bulbs or replacing the tiles. - Look for broken corners or other damaged areas (both are signs that the tiles may be releasing fibers). Asbestos may also be found sprayed onto ceilings and walls. - These are friable materials. - They must be handled with extreme caution. Sprayed on materials can peel away from a surface, and the resulting dust and debris could contain asbestos. - Do not sweep or shovel this material while it is "dry" (this stirs up fibers into the air where they can be inhaled). - Report the problem to your supervisor, who will arrange for cleanup and disposal.

9 Depending on the job, you may be asked to assist in the repair or removal of asbestos at your facility. - Make sure that you use proper personal protective equipment. - Although asbestos is not a skin contact hazard, by wearing disposable overalls decontamination will be much easier. You will also need to wear a respirator fitted with special filters, to help prevent you from inhaling fibers. - The respirator must be the right size and shape for your face. - "Fit test" the respirator to prevent gaps between your face and the mask, so asbestos fibers can not "leak" through. - You'll be trained to clean and maintain your respirator, as well as how and when to change the filters. When cleaning up any asbestos-containing materials, never use an ordinary vacuum. - Even a shop-grade vacuum will send fibers into the air. - Vacuums used for asbestos cleanup must be fitted with special HEPA filters. - These "high efficiency particulate" filters prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air. Remember to use the "wet method" during cleanup activities. - Make sure the asbestos is wet before, during and after handling, even if a HEPA vacuum is used. - After any cleanup, "wet wipe" the area with a damp cloth. - Be sure to dispose of the cloth properly. Asbestos materials must be properly bagged and labeled. - Use only official "asbestos disposal bags" for this purpose. - When labeling a bag, use a "generator label" that lists the name and address of your facility.

10 If an asbestos disposal bag tears, seal it with tape immediately. - Place the damaged bag inside a new bag and seal the new bag. - Place a generator label on the new outer bag. - Remember, asbestos is a regulated waste, so it must be hauled to a licensed landfill. When helping with an asbestos cleanup, you may be asked to wear an air-sampling device. - This measures the airborne concentration of asbestos fibers in your work area. - An air pump is strapped to your waist, and a sampling cassette is taped to the front of your shoulder. - After you turn in the cassette, the air sample is analyzed for asbestos content. After any work with asbestos materials, you must decontaminate yourself and your equipment. - This prevents the spread of asbestos dust and debris. - Always use an official decontamination area. - This area should be equipped with a HEPA vacuum, as well as a plastic drop cloth (to contain any loose fibers). Never eat, drink or smoke in these decontamination areas, or in any other area where asbestos is present. - This increases your chance of inhaling fibers. When you are decontaminating your clothing, never brush off dust or debris. - This sends asbestos fibers into the air. - Use a HEPA vacuum to remove these materials from your clothing before taking it off. - Also vacuum your equipment and asbestos disposal bags.

11 Remember that your overalls will be contaminated, and must be disposed of as a regulated waste. - Seal them in an asbestos disposal bag. Scrub your hands and face with soap and water before leaving work. - If possible, you should shower before leaving your facility as well. - If not, shower immediately when you get home. - This prevents exposing your family or friends. To provide an additional safeguard, you may be asked to participate in a medical surveillance program. - This makes certain that you are not exposed to dangerous amounts of asbestos. - It will also verify that you can safely wear a respirator. The medical surveillance program requires that you make regular visits to a doctor. - You may be asked to take a "breathing capacity" test, or have X-rays taken of your lungs. - This is provided free of charge. - If you have any questions, consult with your supervisor. * * * SUMMARY * * * Asbestos may be a hidden danger, but it is not hard to find ways to protect yourself. Know where asbestos is located in your facility, and check your asbestos management plan. Inspect all asbestos locations at least twice a year. Record the results of these inspections in an "asbestos log book" for future reference. Do not disturb asbestos-containing materials unless it is absolutely necessary.

12 Take steps to prevent contamination during operations involving asbestos.. Always remember to decontaminate after coming into contact with any asbestos material.

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