VOL. 2, NO. 2, March 2012 ISSN ARPN Journal of Science and Technology All rights reserved.
|
|
- Willa Lane
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pesticide Residues in Bean Samples from Northeastern Nigeria 1 Obida M. Gwary, 2 Stephen S. Hati, 1 Goni A. Dimari and 1 Victor O. Ogugbuaja 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemistry, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria stevehati@yahoo.com ABSTRACT A study was conducted to measure residues of pesticides in samples of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) collected in both field and storage facilities in six local area councils of Borno State, northeast Nigeria. Multi-residue pesticide analysis technique consisting of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation and GC-MS detection was employed. Method validation for this study maintained a RSD ±13% and percentage recoveries were in the range of %. Results show that out of the residues of eight analytes determined, three analytes (Dichlorvos, Endrin and DDT) were detected in both field samples (Pre Storage) and stored sample (post harvest). Another set of three analytes (Lindane, Diazinon and Aldrin) were only detected in the pre storage samples, while the remaining two analytes (Carbofuran and Dieldrin) were not detected at all. In general, the concentrations of these analytes in the bean samples are in the order: Endrin > DDT > Dichlorvos. The study observed that Dichlorvos was mainly utilized in storage of beans from insect attack and suggested that stringent monitoring of use of pesticides in agriculture and food storage in Nigeria is required. Keywords: phaseolus vulgaris, multi-residue, GC-MS, borno state. 1. INTRODUCTION Pesticide residue are substances or mixtures of substances in food for man or animals resulting from the use of pesticide including any specified derivatives, such as degradation and conversion products, metabolites, reaction products and impurities considered to be of toxicological significance[1, 2]. Several reports show that global pesticide usage has increased significantly during the last three decades consequent with changes in farming practices and the increasing intensive agriculture. This extensive use of pesticides for agricultural and nonagricultural purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environmental matrices, especially food stuff [3, 4] proving the high risk of these chemicals to human health and environment. Pesticide residues most commonly found in food samples of vegetal origin are pesticides that are intentionally applied to the plants to attack invertebrate pests (insecticides, acaricides, etc.) and plant diseases (fungicides). Every cultivated crop may be attracted by insects from the day it is planted until harvest. Hence, the value of chemical pesticides in controlling mosquitoes, termites, cockroaches, weevil and bowers, snails, rats and multitude of others animals have been great, and it is difficult to envisage modern disease control and agricultural programmes without some form of chemical control [5, 6]. If modern agriculture attempted to operate without chemical pesticides of some sort, production would probably decline precipitously in many areas, food prices would soar far higher and food shortages would become more severe [3]. Borno State, in Northeastern Nigeria contributes significantly to national cereals and legumes production and has received international support for these agricultural activities [8]. High levels of pesticides residues arising from improper application and multiple sprays of sub lethal doses have been reported to be responsible for the poisoning and deaths of people in both rural and urban areas of Borno State and Nigeria in general. The following episodes have been reported concerning poisoning from bean foods in Nigeria: NAFDAC report revealed that the offensive beans were sourced from Taraba State (Northeast Nigeria). NAFDAC laboratory analysis reports of the moi-moi and beans from the homes of the victims and beans from the open market the State contained outrageously high organophosphates, carbamates, fenithrothion and chloropyrifos which are highly toxic pesticides. They must have resulted from either higher doses then recommended or wrong application. However, in April 2008 several National dailies reported 120 students of Government Girls Secondary School, Doma in Gombe metropolis (Northeast Nigeria) were rushed to the Gombe Specialist Hospital after consuming a meal of beans that was suspected to have been preserved with poisonous chemicals - 10 of these students were reported to be in Critical condition. Samples of the cooked beans consumed, samples of uncooked beans, palm oil, onions, maggi, salt and other condiments used in cooking the beans were also tested in NAFDAC Laboratories to ascertain the cause of the problem [6]. The result of the analysis showed that samples of the cooked beans and the uncooked beans contained outrageously high levels of lindane, an organ chlorinated pesticide that was banned under the 1989 Rotterdam convention [8]. Thus this study attempts to provide monitoring information on the levels of pesticides residues in bean samples cultivated and stored in Borno State, northeast Nigeria. 2. METHODOLOGY Study Area Borno State is located between latitude 10 N and 13 N and longitude 12 and 15. It is in the north-easterly region of Nigeria, with an area of 70, 898 km 2. Borno State is divided into 27 local government areas (LGAs) with a total population of 4, 171, 104 [9]. The three seasons observed are: the cool dry (harmattan) season (October- March), hot dry season (April-June) and rainy season 79
2 (July-September). Temperatures are generally high all the year round, with hot season temperatures ranging between 39 C and 40 C under the shade. Average annual rainfall is between 500mm and 800mm. The variability of rainfall is over 100 per cent. The relative humidity is generally low throughout the state, ranging from as low as 13% in the driest months of February and March to the highest values of 78% in the rainy season months of July and August [10]. Sampling Samples of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were collected in both field and storage facilities in six Local council areas (LGA): Bama Biu, Damboa, Gubio, Maiduguri Metropolitan, and Monguno, in Borno State. Sampling was conducted in two phases. Firstly, during the harvest periods (November - December 2008) from eighteen different farms (three each at the six LGAs) and secondly, six months post harvest period at storage and preservation facilities. The post harvest samples consists of samples not limited to the last farm harvests. Ten kilograms composites of each sample were collected in sterile poly bags on location basis. Determination The determination of pesticide residue followed the multiresidue pesticide analysis technique consisting of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation method by AOAC Method [11] with slight modifications for number of analytes spiking was adopted in the work. clean-up tube, capped tightly and vortexed for 30 seconds. After centrifuging for 5 min at 3,000 rpm, 200 μl of the clear extract were transferred to an auto-sampler vial with a small glass insert for analysis on the GC-ion trap MS. The individual calibration levels were spiked into each extract for the calibration curve in matrix before the final clean-up step. GC/MS Injection, Separation and Detection The SHIMADZU GC/MS (GC-17A), equipped with fluorescence detector was used for the chromatographic separation and was achieved by using a 35% diphenyl/65% dimethyl polysiloxane column. The oven was programmed as follows: initial temperature 40 C, 1.5 min, 25 C/min to 150 C, 0.0 min, 5 C/min to 200 C, 7.5 min, 25 C/min to 290 C with a final hold time of 12 min and a constant column flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection of the pesticides was performed using the GCion trap MS with optional MSn mode. This scanning mode offered enhanced selectivity over either full scan or selected ion monitoring (SIM). The GC-ion trap MS was operated in the MSn mode and performed tandem MS functions by injecting ions into the ion trap and destabilizing matrix ions, isolating only the pesticide ions. The retention time, peak area and peak heights of the sample were compared with those of the standards for quantization. Data Analysis Results obtained were analysed on Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet. Extraction A thoroughly homogenized 15 g sample of beans was weighed into an extraction tube. Then, 15 ml of 1% acetic acid-mecn extraction solvent was poured into the tube on top of the sample. The surrogate and the pesticide solutions were spiked into this MeCN layer for the method validation (MVD) and method detection limit (MDL) samples. The tube was capped and vortexed for 30 seconds. The cap was removed and the powder reagents were poured slowly into the MeCN layer. The cap was tightened securely on the 50-mL extraction tube and was vortexed for 30 seconds until all of the powder reagents were mixed with the liquid layers. The tube was placed on a mechanical shaker for 5 min and then centrifuged for 5 min at 3, 000 rpm. Following this, 11 ml of the top MeCN layer were removed and transferred to a 15-mL clean-up tube. This tube was capped and vortexed for 30 seconds and centrifuged for 5 min at 3,000 rpm. A 5-mL aliquot of the top layer was transferred into a clean test tube for solvent exchange. Solvent Exchange The 5-mL aliquot of the cleaned-up extract was blown down to dryness with a gentle stream of nitrogen at 40 C in approximately 1 hour. Care was taken to remove the tube immediately when dried. A 900-μL aliquot of hexane/acetone (9:1) was added and 100 μl of the internal standard (d10-parathion) was spiked into the organic solution. The tube was capped and vortexed for 15 seconds. Next, 1 ml of extract was transferred to a 2-mL 3. RESULTS An overall summary descriptive result of pesticides residues determined in the bean samples is presented in APPENDIX 1. The result shows that residues of eight analytes were determined. Three analytes (Dichlorvos, Endrin and DDT) were detected in both pre storage harvest samples and post storage harvest samples analysed. Another set of three analytes (Lindane, Diazinon and Aldrin) were only detected in the pre storage samples, while the remaining two analytes (Carbofuran and Dieldrin) were not detected at all. Figure-1 show the average DDT concentrations in the PRE (1.47 ± 1.08 µg/g) samples at the different location as generally higher than the POST (1.13 ± 0.83 µg/g). This trend in concentration variations across location was regular and consistently show that Damboa LGA was lowest in both PRE (0.93 ± 0.79 µg/g) and POST (0.83 ± 0.70 µg/g) DDT concentrations. The highest concentration of DDT was recorded in Gubio LGA in both PRE (2.63 ± 0.49 µg/g) and POST (1.98 ± 0.37 µg/g). The average concentration of Endrin in PRE and POST samples are 2.46 ± 1.85 µg/g and 2.15 ± 1.65 µg/g respectively. The variations of Endrin concentrations across locations are similar to DDT (Figure-2). The lowest concentrations of Endrin are recorded in Damboa, PRE (0.49 ± 0.18 µg/g) and POST (0.36 ± 0.16 µg/g), while the highest concentrations was recorded in Maiduguri LGA in both PRE (5.54 ± 1.23 µg/g) and POST (4.83 ± 1.11 µg/g). Converse to DDT and Endrin, the average concentration of 80
3 Dichlorvos in POST (0.262 ± µg/g) is much higher than concentrations in PRE (0.008 ± µg/g) samples. Figure-3. Pre and Post Storage Residue Concentration of DICHLORVOS in Bean Samples. Figure-1. Pre and Post Storage Residue Concentration of DDT in Bean Samples. Figure-4 shows the overall percentage difference of pesticide residues concentrations between the PRE and POST samples of beans. Dichlorvos increased by about 97% between PRE and POST samples analysed, while Endrin and DDT decreased by about 15% and 30% respectively. In general the order of concentration for these analytes in the beans samples is Endrin > DDT > Dichlorvos. Method validation for this study consisted of sample runs for spiked analytes quality control, which was maintained at ± 13% deviation. The percentage recoveries were in the range of %. Based on a confidence level of 95%, the uncertainty of measurement is within the acceptance criteria. Figure-2. Pre and Post Storage Residue Concentration of ENDRIN in Bean Samples. Figure-3 shows the variations of Endrin concentrations at the different locations. The lowest concentrations of Dichlorvos were consistently recorded in Biu LGA, PRE (0.003 ± µg/g) and POST (0.009 ± µg/g), while the highest concentrations were recorded in different locations, Gubio LGA for PRE (0.013 ± µg/g) and Maiduguri for POST (0.51 ± 0.30 µg/g). Figure-4. Percentage Variations of Pesticide Residues Concentrations between the PRE and POST samples. 4. DISCUSSIONS Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids pesticides are the common and major classes of pesticides applied to food crops especially beans [12] in the field and at storage [13]. The eight pesticides, mainly as insecticides, determined in this study covered these 81
4 common and major classes of pesticides. However not all the insecticides of organochlorines (Aldrin, Endrin, DDT, Dieldrin and Lindane), organophosphates (Diazinon and Dichlorvos) and carbamates (Carbofuran) determined was detected in the samples. A number of factors such as non availability to farmers and or non application of these insecticides during the period of study, and also from low concentration levels below the limits of quantitation [14] may be responsible of the non detection of Carbofuran and Dieldrin in both the pre storage and post harvest beans samples analysed. However, Lindane, Diazinon and Aldrin were detected only in the pre storage bean samples, while DDT, Dichlorvos, and Endrin were present in both pre storage and in storage samples. Pesticides residues in crops at harvest may result from uptake by the plant of soil-applied pesticides or otherwise, translocation of pesticides applied to the plant before the edible part of the plant is formed. Residues at harvest from these circumstances are usually low and often below the limit of determination, but the majority of significant residues at harvest result from applications when the edible part of the plant is already present [4, 15]. DDT, Dichlorvos, and Endrin are obviously heavily utilized in this region due mainly to their easy availability and dependability. This is also reflected in the almost similar trend in their concentrations across the six sampling locations of the present study. However, the basic processes acting on pesticide residues in the field can continue to operate after crops are harvested. These include: volatilization, hydrolysis, penetration, metabolism, enzymatic transformation, oxidation and photodegradation, which generally ceases or is greatly reduced once a crop is removed from the field situation [16]. These were generally observed in trends of DDT and Endrin, but the higher accumulation of Endrin in beans samples may be due not only the volume of applications but also to the solubilities of Endrin [17] than DDT [18]. Residues of post harvest insecticide treatment on stored staples foodstuff generally decline only rather slowly [16] as the rate of reductions was rather low. The Organochlorines being chemically stable and persistent in the environment have been banned in most countries of the world but the less persistent classes are widely in use. Organophosphates are highly potent compounds used mainly as insecticides especially in the control of storage insects in food crops. They are very toxic and more often involved in acute poisoning than other classes of pesticides [19, 20]. The proliferation of Dichlorvos in this region has been well documented by [21], as a major component of otapiapia, a locally formulated insecticide for the preservation of foods stuffs. This may be responsible for the marked increases in Dichlorvos concentrations in the post storage samples. Foodstuff such as beans, corn and sorghum are frequently stored long term (3-36 months) at ambient temperatures in bulk silos where insecticides may be applied post-harvest to reduce losses from storage pests therefore have the potential to be a major source of residues in the diet for these insecticides [22]. Residues of pesticides in food are influenced by the storage, handling and processing that occurs between harvesting of raw agricultural commodities and consumption of prepared foodstuffs [16]. Residues of the more lipophilic materials tend to remain on the seed coat although a proportion can migrate through to the bran and germ which contain high levels of triglyceride. Also, storage fungi may assist in the degradation of insecticides [23]. The regulations for all controls on pesticide residues in crops are generally based on Maximum Residue Limits (MRL's) which are set using field trial data for a particular pesticide to arrive at the highest residue levels expected under use according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) [16, 24]. The organochlorines (Aldrin, Endrin, DDT, Dieldrin and Lindane) are banned products. However the allowable range for residues before then was from 0 to 0.1 ppm depending on the type of food product. For the organophosphates (Diazinon and Dichlorvos) the U.S. EPA has established maximum permissible levels of dichlorvos in various food products ranging from 0.02 to 2 parts per million (ppm) [17, 18, 25]. The average result of organophosphates in this study are within the MRL s and lower than the mean concentration range from 19.4 to 455.9μg/kg recorded in Lagos State [12]. This result also corresponds with the study reported in Brazil [26]. Beans as victuals are commonly consumed in Nigeria and around the world. The sensitization of populace to wash thoroughly before other forms of processing to reduce the pesticide residue content at the point of consumption residues [12] would greatly reduce the health hazards associated with pesticide residue levels in such foodstuffs, although, these insecticides were never completely eliminated by washing [12, 27]. Eradication of all streets hawking of locally adulterated, unregistered, unlabelled, repackaged, uncertified and expired chemical pesticides in the form such as Otapiapia among others [21] as well as the need for more stringent monitoring of importation and use of these pesticides in agriculture and food storage in Nigeria are required. 5. CONCLUSIONS a) This study revealed that DDT, Dichlorvos, and Endrin are heavily utilized in this region due mainly to their easy availability and dependability. b) Dichlorvos was observed to mainly be utilized in storage of beans from insect attack. c) Stringent monitoring of use of pesticides in agriculture and food storage in Nigeria is required ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge the support of the Central Laboratory of the National Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Lagos for supporting the analysis of the bean samples. REFERENCES [1] IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled from (Glossary for chemists of terms used in toxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 1993) on Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. p
5 [2] EC: European Communities Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Directorate-General for Health and Consumers European Commission B Brussels ISBN DOI / m. [3] Uygun U., Koksel H. and Atli A Residue levels of malathion and its metabolites and fenitrothion in post-harvest treated wheat during storage, milling and baking. Food Chem. 92, 643. [4] Tadeo J.L, Sánchez-Brunete C. and González L Analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples, CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group. pp mites. Journal of Stored Products Research. 42: [14] CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Protocols for Determination of Limits of Detection and Limits of Quantitation, Approved Guidline, Wayne PA USA; CLSI Document EP17. [15] Bates J.A.R The Prediction of Pesticide Residues in Crops by the Optimum Use of Existing Data IUPAC Reports on Pesticides (26) Pure and Appl. Chem. 62(2): [16] Holland P. T., Hamilton D., Ohlin B. and Skidmore M. W Effects of Storage and Processing on Pesticide Residues in Plant Products, IUPAC Reports on Pesticides (31) Pure and Appl. Chem. 66(2): [5] NAFDAC: National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Consumer Safety Bulletin, Banned/Restricted Chemicals in drugs, Agrochemicals, Industrial Chemicals and Household products. 2(3): [6] NAFDAC: National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Consumer Safety Bulletin: NAFDAC Regulated Products. 6(1): 9. [7] IITA: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Legume and cereal seed production for improved crop yields in Nigeria Proceedings of the Training Workshop on Production of Legume and Cereal Seeds. Edited by H.A. Ajeigbe, T. Abdoulaye, and D. Chikoye. [8] Awofadeji S Nigeria: Food Poisoning: How Many More Will Have to Die? This day online newspaper. Access date: February 23, [9] NPC: National Population Commission Federal Republic of Nigeria, Census Report Official Gazette. 94(4): B47-53, [10] Onlinenigria Borno State, Physical Setting. Community Portal of Nigeria. Online Nigeria, Accessed 10/12/2010. [11] Lehotay S AOAC Official Method Pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate. Journal of AOAC International. 90: [12] Ogah C.O., Coker H.B, Adepoju-Bello A.A Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Beans from Markets in Lagos State, Nigeria. J. Innov. Res. Eng. Sci. 2(1): [13] Collins D. A A review of alternatives to organophosphorus compounds for the control storage [17] ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Toxicological Profile for Edrin U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia [18] ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia [19] Noble R.A., Hamilton D.J. and Osborne W.J Stability of pyre-throids on wheat in storage. Pestic. Sci. 11, [20] Mansour S.A Pesticide exposure - Egyptian scene. Toxicology. 198: [21] Musa U., Hati S. S., Mustapha A. and Magaji G Dichlorvos concentrations in locally formulated pesticide (Ota-piapia) utilized in northeastern Nigeria Scientific Research and Essay. 5(1): [22] Snelson J.T Grain Protectants. Australian Centre for International Research, Canberra. [23] Anderegg B.N. and Madisen L.J Degradation of 14C-Malathion in stored corn and wheat inoculated with Aspergilius glaucus, J. Econ. Entompl. 76: [24] Bates J.A.R. and Gorbach S Recommended approach to the appraisal of the risks to consumers from pesticides residues in crops and food commodities. Pure and Apl. C hem. 2, [25] ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Toxicological Profile for Dichlorvos U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Division of 83
6 Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia [26] Ciscato C.H.P., Gebara A.B., Monteiro S.H., Souza G.S Pesticide Residues in Bean and Rice, a Basic Diet for Brazilian Consumers Pesticide Residues Laboratory (LRP) Biological Institute (IB), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [27] Bhuiyan M.N.H., H.R. Bhuiyan, K. Ahmed, K.M. Dawlatana, F. Haque, M. Rahim and M.N.I. Bhuiyan Organochlorine insecticides (DDT and Heptachlor) in dry Fish: traditional washing and cooking effect on dietary intake. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 4: APPENDIX 1. Summary descriptive statistics for overall concentrations of pesticide residues in beans samples. Statistics Pesticides residue (µg/g) Dichlorvos-Pre Dichlorvos-Post Carbofuran Lindane -Pre Mean Standard Deviation Standard Error Median Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Diazinon -Pre Aldrin-Pre Dieldrin Endrin-Pre Endrin-Post DDT-Pre DDT-Post 84
Analysis of 16 Pesticide Residues in Broccoli Using CarbonX dspe QuEChERS AOAC Kits Using GC/MS
Analysis of 16 Pesticide Residues in Broccoli Using CarbonX dspe QuEChERS AOAC Kits Using GC/MS Authors: Conor Smith, Doug Fryer United Science Corp. 15911 Furuby Rd. Center City, MN 55012 USA Abstract
More informationAnalysis of Pesticide Residues in Lettuce Using a Modified QuEChERS Extraction Technique and Single Quadrupole GC/MS
Technical Note: 10222 Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Lettuce Using a Modified QuEChERS Extraction Technique and Single Quadrupole GC/MS Jessie Butler, David Steiniger, Eric Phillips, Thermo Fisher Scientific,
More informationApplication Note: Multi-Residue Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables (9/16/08)
Application Note: Multi-Residue Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables (9/16/08) Product: DPX-Q (5 ml) INTRODUCTION The analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables is very important in the field of food
More informationMICROWAVE SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR VARIOUS REGULATORY COMPOUNDS
MICROWAVE SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR VARIOUS REGULATORY COMPOUNDS J.R. Fish, FAS Analytical Services, Monroe, NC M.D. Miller, CEM Corp., Matthews, NC Presented at the 1996 Pittsburgh Conference
More informationANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN DRINKING WATER AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS USING THE AGILENT 7000 GC/MS/MS WITH PESTICIDES ANALYZER
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN DRINKING WATER AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS USING THE AGILENT 7000 GC/MS/MS WITH PESTICIDES ANALYZER Solutions for Your Analytical Business
More informationAdditional guidance on: TNsG on Data Requirements, Part A, Chapter 2, Point 4. Analytical Methods for Detection and Identification.
Additional guidance on: TNsG on Data Requirements, Part A, Chapter 2, Point 4 Analytical Methods for Detection and Identification and Part B, Chapter 2, Point 4 Methods of Identification and Analysis These
More informationFengshou Dong Ph.D. Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 February 2012
The pesticide residue changes during food processing and storage Fengshou Dong Ph.D. Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 February 2012 Outline. Introduction. Effects
More informationEURL-SRM - Analytical Observations Report
concerning the following EURL-SRM - Analytical Observations Report o Compound(s): Sulfuryl fluoride o Commodities: cereals, nuts, pulses and other dry materials o Extraction Method(s): none o Instrumental
More informationA Rapid Method for Trace Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Drinking Water
A Rapid Method for Trace Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Drinking Water Application Note Environmental Authors Min Cai and Yun Zou Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd, 412 Ying Lun Road Waigaoqiao
More informationOlga Shimelis, Katherine Stenerson, Michael Ye, Carmen T. Santasania, and Ed Mauney. Supelco, Div. of Sigma-Aldrich, Bellefonte, PA USA
Method for Analysis of rganophosphorous Pesticides in Produce using Acetonitrile Extraction, Dual-Layer Carbon-Aminopropylsilica Cleanup and GC-NPD Detection lga Shimelis, Katherine Stenerson, Michael
More informationMALATHION (049) First draft prepared by Mr Stephen Funk, US Environmental Protection Agency, USA
Malathion 1227 MALATHION (049) First draft prepared by Mr Stephen Funk, US Environmental Protection Agency, USA EXPLANATION Malathion was evaluated in the periodic review program by the JMPR in 1999 and
More informationAppNote 1/2009 KEYWORDS ABSTRACT. Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX), QuEChERS, Automation, Pesticides
AppNote 1/2009 Automated Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis in Fruits and Vegetables by Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Hongxia Guan, William E. Brewer, Stephen
More informationAnalytical Method for aldrin, endrin and dieldrin (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products)
Analytical Method for aldrin, endrin and dieldrin (Targeted to Agricultural, Animal and Fishery Products) The target compound to be determined is aldrin, endrin and dieldrin. 1. Instrument A gas chromatograph
More informationVol. 44, No. 6 GC/MS/MS. Determination of Low-level Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products by Ion-trap GC/MS/MS
310 Vol. 44, No. 6 GC/MS/MS 15 7 18 1, 1 1 1 1 2 Determination of Low-level Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products by Ion-trap GC/MS/MS Tomoko ICDJ: 1,,Saori S6H6@> 1,Seiji U8=>@6L6 1,Yoshichika H>G6=6G6
More informationFOOD PESTICIDE RESIDUES LABORATORY REFERENCE NO INSPECTOR DATE
FOOD PESTICIDE RESIDUES LABORATORY REFERENCE NO INSPECTOR DATE TYPES OF PESTICIDE ANALYSES: OrganoChlorine Pesticides OrganoPhosphorus Pesticides Nitrogen Containing Pesticides Carbamates Herbicides Standard
More informationMultiresidue Pesticide Analysis with the Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and Agilent 7000 Series Mass Spectrometer
Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis with the Agilent Intuvo GC and Agilent 7 Series Mass Spectrometer Application Note Author Rebecca Veeneman, PhD and Joan Stevens, PhD Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract
More informationAutomated Solid-Phase Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Drinking Water. Pranathi R Perati Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
Automated Solid-Phase Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Drinking Water Pranathi R Perati Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA Overview A new method was developed to automate the capture
More informationMethods for Increased Sample Throughput with Dirty Samples
Methods for Increased Sample Throughput with Dirty Samples Alan D Broske, Limian Zhao, and William H. Wilson Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1 Introduction GC inlet liner impacts sample transfer to the GC column
More informationOptimization of Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons Analysis by Automated Headspace Using Method Development Tools
Optimization of Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons Analysis by Automated Headspace Using Method Development Tools Application Note Abstract The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
More informationAutomated Solid-Phase Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Drinking Water
Automated Solid-Phase Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Drinking Water Johannes Ritter 1 and Pranathi R Perati 2 1 Thermo Fisher Scienti ic, Vienna, Austria, 2 Thermo Fisher Scienti ic, Sunnyvale,
More informationTyler Trent, Applications Sales Specialist; Teledyne Tekmar Page 1
Application Note Method Validation of the AutoMate-Q40 for Pesticide Residues in Grapes Tyler Trent, Applications Sales Specialist; Teledyne Tekmar Page 1 Abstract The QuEChERS (Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe)
More informationApplication Note No. 067/2011
Application Note No. 067/2011 Extraction of Soil for the Determination of Pesticides SpeedExtractor E-916, Syncore Analyst: Extraction of Soil using SpeedExtractor E-916 for the Determination of Pesticides
More informationDetermination of Pesticide Residue in Vegetables Using the AutoMate-Q40. Application Note. Abstract. Introduction
Application Note Abstract Determination of Pesticide Residue in Vegetables Using the AutoMate-Q40 Page 1 QuEChERS is a Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe extraction method that has been developed for
More informationDetermination of Pesticide Residue in Apple Juice Using the AutoMate-Q40
Application Note Abstract QuEChERS is a Quick-Easy-Cheap-Effective-Rugged-Safe extraction method that has been developed for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities. While the
More informationValidation Report 19
EURL for Cereals and Feeding stuff National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark Validation Report 19 Determination of pesticide residues in oat, rye and wheat by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS (QuEChERS
More informationApplication Note. Abstract. Authors. Environmental
Maintaining Compound Retention Times with the Backflush Enabled Pressure Controlled Tee Configuration for Agilent 7890A GCs with Agilent 5975 Series MSD and Agilent 7000 Series Triple Quadrupole MS Systems
More informationDetermination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Fish
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Fish Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET) Prof. L.Chiesa, Dr. S. Panseri -Prague, April
More informationDetermination of chemical contaminants in marine fish by GCMS/MS using QuEChERS as an extraction method
PO-CON1550E Determination of chemical contaminants in marine fish by GCMS/MS using QuEChERS as an extraction method ASMS 2015 TP 338 Ankush Bhone, Durvesh Sawant, Dheeraj Handique, Prashant Hase, Sanket
More informationValidation Data for the Analysis of Chlorotalonil in Leek Using Mini-Luke Method Followed by GC-QqQ-MS/MS
Validation Data for the Analysis of Chlorotalonil in Leek Using Mini-Luke Method Followed by GC-QqQ-MS/MS CONTENTS 1. Aim and Scope 2 2. Short Description 2 3. Apparatus and Consumables 2 4. Chemicals
More informationSample Matrix Influence on GC/MS/MS Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis
Application Note Food Testing & Agriculture Sample Matrix Influence on GC/MS/MS Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis Author Jessica Westland Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract The complexity of pesticide analysis
More informationENVIRONMENTAL analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL analysis High sensitivity GC/MS/MS Analysis of nonpolar organic compounds in water using the agilent 7000 triple quadrupole gc/ms Solutions for Your Analytical Business Markets and Applications
More informationA Simple Rapid and Sensitive Method Development for Quantification of Quetiapine Fumarate in Bulk and Dosage Forms Using RP-HPLC
Human Journals Research Article February 2018 Vol.:11, Issue:3 All rights are reserved by Priyanka Teepoju et al. A Simple Rapid and Sensitive Method Development for Quantification of Quetiapine Fumarate
More informationNIGERIA Market Monitoring Bulletin May 31, 2018
NIGERIA Market Monitoring Bulletin May 31, 2018 Key messages Nigeria s macroeconomic indicators continue to improve. Foreign exchange reserves continue to grow, consumer price index (CPI) reached its lowest
More informationDetermination of the Effects of Contaminant Mixtures on Aquatic Macrophytes
Determination of the Effects of Contaminant Mixtures on Aquatic Macrophytes R A M O N A D. S M I T H 1, P. C H R I S W I L S O N 1, A N D S A M I R A D A R O U B 2 1 S O I L A N D W A T E R S C I E N C
More informationDetermination of Diesel Range Organics (DROs) Using SPE and GC/FID by Method 8015D*
Determination of Diesel Range Organics (DROs) Using SPE and GC/FID by Method 8015D* UCT Products: ECUNIPAH (ENVIRO-CLEAN Universal PAH/DRO 2000 mg/83 ml cartridge) Method Summary Method 8015D may be used
More informationApplication Note. Abstract. Introduction. Experimental Instrument Conditions. Evaluation of Prohibited Dyes in Food : By An Automated Extraction
Application Note Abstract Evaluation of Prohibited Dyes in Food : By An Automated Extraction By: Tyler Trent P a g e 1 The Sudan dyes Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III and Sudan IV all belong to the compound
More informationS. W. Husain 1, V. Kiarostami 1, M. Morrovati 2, and M. R. Tagebakhsh 2
ACTA CHROMATOGRAPHICA, NO. 13, 2003 MULTIRESIDUE DETERMINATION OF DIAZINON AND ETHION IN PISTACHIO NUTS BY USE OF MATRIX SOLID PHASE DISPERSION WITH A LANTHANUM SILICATE CO-COLUMN AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
More informationSpeedExtractor E-916 Extraction of Spices using the SpeedExtractor E-916 for the determination of Pesticides
064/2011 SpeedExtractor E-916 Extraction of Spices using the SpeedExtractor E-916 for the determination of Pesticides 064/2011 SpeedExtractor E-916 SHORT NOTE Extraction of Spices using the SpeedExtractor
More informationLarge Volume Injection of Organochlorine Pesticide Extracts Using a Programmable Temperature Vaporizer in the Solvent Split Mode
Application Note No. 028 Large Volume Injection of Organochlorine Pesticide Extracts Using a Programmable Temperature Vaporizer in the Solvent Split Mode Mark Krigbaum Abstract Programmed Temperature Vaporizers
More informationQuantification of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Maize
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2 (9), pp. 093-097, September, 2012 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.2919 ISSN 2231-3354 Quantification of Organophosphate
More informationExtraction and Analysis of Neonicotinoid Pesticides using QuEChERS Approach
Extraction and Analysis of Neonicotinoid Pesticides using QuEChERS Approach Katherine K. Stenerson 1, Olga Shimelis 1, and Christine Dumas 2 1 Supelco, Div. of Sigma-Aldrich Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA 2
More informationPesticide Analysis in Drinking Water with Disk Extraction and Large Volume Injection
Pesticide Analysis in Drinking Water with Disk Extraction and Large Volume Injection A Residue Application for GC/MS/MS Triple Quadrupole Analysis Application Note Food Testing and Agriculture Authors
More informationReview on the pesticide residue works in Nepal. Sunil Aryal Senior Scientist Entomology Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Khumaltar
Review on the pesticide residue works in Nepal. Sunil Aryal Senior Scientist Entomology Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Khumaltar Content Introduction Methodology Residues in vegetables, Residues
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis S(-)-Nicotine, Primary Standard N-008 Page 1 of 7 Catalog Number: N-008 H Lot: Expiration: October 2019 N Description: S(-)-Nicotine in Methanol.
More informationOrganophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Cooked Capsicum annuum
A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 44, 2015 Guest Editors:RiccardoGuidetti,LuigiBodria, Stanley Best Copyright 2015, AIDIC ServiziS.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-35-8;ISSN 2283-9216 The
More informationExtraction of POPs from Environmental Samples using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE )
Extraction of POPs from Environmental Samples using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE ) Frank Höfler* and Khalil Divan** *Dionex (Europe) Management AG Solothurner Strasse 259 4600 Olten Switzerland
More informationApplication Note AN1501
Application Note AN1501 Ultra-Trace Mercury Determination in Bottled Water, EPA Method 1631, Using the QuickTrace M-8000 CVAFS Introduction Mercury determination in water and foodstuffs is a crucial part
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF THE SWEEP CO-DISTILLATION CLEAN-UP METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PALM OIL
JOURNAL Journal of OF Oil OIL Palm PALM Research RESEARCH Vol. 16 (2) 16 No. 2, December 2004, p. 30-36 OPTIMIZATION OF THE SWEEP CO-DISTILLATION CLEAN-UP METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE
More informationExperimental. Instrumentation
Efficient Identification of Deoxynivalenol in the Global Wheat Food Chain Testing Unprocessed, Processed, and Consumer Wheat Products using Automated Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup and Quick High Performance
More informationAccurately Identify and Quantify One Hundred Pesticides in a Single GC Run
Accurately Identify and Quantify One Hundred Pesticides in a Single GC Run Application Note Author Jessica Westland Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract A selected target compound list of 195 various pesticides
More informationDetermination of Monocrotophos, Diazinon, Malathion, EPN, and Methamidaphos from Aqueous Samples Using Atlantic HLB SPE Disks
Determination of Monocrotophos, Diazinon, Malathion, EPN, and Methamidaphos from Aqueous Samples Using Jim Fenster, Julie McGettrick, Horizon Technology, Inc., Salem, NH Introduction Monocrotophos, Diazinon,
More informationMARKET FOCUSED - environmental ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
www.sge.com TECHNICAL ARTICLE MARKET FOCUSED - environmental ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES With the widespread use of pesticides, especially over the last 40 years, pesticide analysis is one of the most universal
More informationENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS. Solutions for Your Analytical Business Markets and Applications Programs. Solution Note
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS A TURN-KEY GUARANTEED ANALYSER FOR THE ROUTINE MEASUREMENT OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMPA IN DRINKING WATER (EUROPEAN DRINKING WATER DIRECTIVE 98/83/EC) AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES
More informationCo-ordination of an organochlorine pesticides in drinking water proficiency testing scheme in South(ern) Africa
Co-ordination of an organochlorine pesticides in drinking water proficiency testing scheme in South(ern) Africa D Prevoo-Franzsen 8 th Eurachem PT workshop, Berlin, Germany 09 Oct 2014 NMISA Our mandate:
More informationValidated Multi-Residue Method for Extraction and Analysis of Trace-Level Pesticides in Surface Water Application
Validated Multi-Residue Method for Extraction and Analysis of Trace-Level Pesticides in Surface Water Application Environmental Authors Stephen Siegel and Mark Lee California Department of Food and Agriculture
More informationAustralian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
AENSI Journals Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ISSN:1991-8178 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Determination of Pesticide Residues In Potato Tuber Samples Using QuEChERS Method With
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis T-32 Page 1 of 7 (-)- 8 -THC, Primary Standard Catalog Number: T-32 Lot: Expiration: Description: October 22 (-)- 8 -THC in Methanol. Packaging: Solution
More informationProject 6D - Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products
Page 24 Project 6D - Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products Comments: AIR aerosols ozone, photochemical oxidants acrylonitril carcinogen, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, priority
More informationQ40. This automated platform will streamline the two part QuEChERS method from the liquid extraction through the cleanup.
Application Note Abstract With the rise in popularity of QuEChERS, due to its reliable multiresidue methods it has driven the need for automation of the QuEChERS extraction to increase productivity and
More informationAnalysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection
Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection Patricia Van Hoof and Jui-Lan Hsieh Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis S(+)-Methamphetamine, Primary Standard M-020 Page 1 of 7 Catalog Number: M-020 Lot: Expiration: Description: Packaging: Storage: Shipping: Intended
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis Page 1 of 9 Fluconazole- 13 C 3, Primary Standard Catalog Number: Lot: Retest: July 2015 Description: Fluconazole- 13 C 3 in Methanol Packaging: Solution
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis Lorazepam, Primary Standard Page 1 of 6 Catalog Number: Lot: Expiration: Description: October 2020 Lorazepam in Acetonitrile. NH Packaging: Solution
More informationCHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY
DETERMINATION OF 1,4-DIOXANE IN DRINKING WATER BY SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE) AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC/MS) WITH SELECTED ION MONITORING (SIM)* EPA Method 522 Part Number: EU52112M6
More informationVALIDATION OF A SCREENING METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF 49 PESTICIDES IN FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN
VALIDATION OF A SCREENING METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF 49 PESTICIDES IN FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN Ivan Lj. Milovanović 1*, Aleksandra Č. Mišan 1, Bojana M. Beljkaš 1 UDC 543.632 : 632.95 1 Institute for Food Technology,
More informationDetermination of Multiclass Pesticides in Dry Herbs Using GC-ECD
AENSI Journals Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture ISSN 1816-9112 Journal home page: www.aensiweb.com/jasa/index.html Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Dry Herbs Using GC-ECD Sherif B. Abdel
More informationProper Disposal of Pesticides
Brief History of Pesticides Solid Waste Management Proper Disposal of Pesticides February 2013 Swiss chemist Paul Muller discovered the insecticidal properties of DDT in 1939. World War I and II served
More informationá1225ñ VALIDATION OF COMPENDIAL PROCEDURES
1640 á1224ñ Transfer of Analytical Procedures / General Information USP 39 THE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE The procedure should be written with sufficient detail and explicit instructions, so that a trained analyst
More informationRevision of 30 April 2013 draft, 4 November 2013
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT FOR SINGLE LABORATORY VALIDATION OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS USED IN SUPPORT OF PRE- AND POST-REGISTRATION DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANT PROTECTION AND BIOCIDAL PRODUCTS INTRODUCTION
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Primary Standard Page 1 of 6 Catalog Number: Lot: Expiration: Description: November 2015 Cannabigerolic acid in Acetonitrile.
More informationRobustness of the Agilent Ultivo Triple Quadrupole LC/MS for Routine Analysis in Food Safety
Technical Overview Robustness of the Agilent Ultivo Triple Quadrupole LC/MS for Routine Analysis in Food Safety Authors Mark Sartain, Theresa Sosienski, and Dan Hui Dorothy Yang Agilent Technologies, Inc.
More informationAnalysis of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in baby food samples
Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry Volume 22 Number 2, pp.107-112, 2011 Analysis of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in baby food samples Simona DOBRINAS*, Gabriela STANCIU, Alina SOCEANU
More informationPuzzled About LCMS? Sample. Sensitivity in Mass Spec Analysis. Prep. Adapting LC-UV. Optimizing and Maintaining Your Mass Spec LCMS
Puzzled About LCMS? Sensitivity in Mass Spec Analysis Sample Prep Adapting LC-UV Optimizing and Maintaining Your Mass Spec To LCMS Paul Altiero Alex Ucci Applications Phone Support Chemistry and Supplies
More informationAnalysis of Drinking Waters for a Suite of Pesticides using GC with dual ECD (US EPA Method 508.1) after SPE Concentration
Analysis of Drinking Waters for a Suite of Pesticides using GC with dual ECD (US EPA Method 508.1) after SPE Concentration Eric Scott and Keith Ewing, Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection,
More informationJAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION A Global Contract Research Organisation
JAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION A Global Contract Research Organisation METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MANCOZEB RESIDUES IN TEST MEDIA FOR ECOTOX STUDIES Author : S.Y. Pandey and P.K. Dubey Jai Research Foundation
More informationA Spatial Investigation of Highly-Resolved Environmental Benzene Concentrations Using Passive Sampling
A Spatial Investigation of Highly-Resolved Environmental Benzene Concentrations Using Passive Sampling 2011-A-72-SP-AWMA Samantha C. Fridh, Amy L. Stuart University of South Florida, Department of Environmental
More informationT-2test HPLC. Instruction Manual. 34 Maple St reet, Milford MA USA T el: , Fax:
T-2test HPLC Instruction Manual 34 Maple St reet, Milford MA 01757 USA T el: 800.338.4381, 508.482.4935 Fax: 508.482.4972 Email: vicam@vicam.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Intended User 2 1.2
More informationComparative analysis of the level of lead and cadmium contamination of food during processing with atlas machine and a local grinding stone
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 2010, 2 (5):331-336 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X
More informationInsecticides: Environmental Fate and Toxicity
Insecticides: Environmental Fate and Toxicity An initial recommendation: Be fair and cautious in what analogies you use to represent low concentrations... Mackay, D. 1988. On low, very low, and negligible
More informationCertified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis
Certified Reference Material - Certificate of Analysis Cannabigerol (CBG), Primary Standard C-141 Page 1 of 7 Catalog Number: C-141 Lot: Retest: Description: October 2015 Cannabigerol in Methanol Packaging:
More informationOrganochlorine pesticides characterization by physicochemical
Organochlorine pesticides characterization by physicochemical method Vlatanescu Nandina, 1* Segneanu Adina-Elena, 1 Macarie Corina, 1 Balcu I. 1, Martagiu Raluca, Fitigau Firuta, 1 Popescu Claudia, David
More informationApplication Note. Abstract. Authors. Food Safety
Determination of Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, and Thiamphenicol in Honey Using Agilent SampliQ PT Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridges and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Application Note
More informationSkretting Australia. Residue Monitoring. Summary of Results Issued April 2014
Skretting Australia Residue Monitoring Summary of Results 29-213 Issued April 214 Skretting Skretting is a world leader in nutritional solutions for farmed fish and shrimp. Total annual production and
More informationChapter 23 Pest Management
Chapter 23 Pest Management Overview of Chapter 23 What is a Pesticide? Benefits and Problems With Pesticides Risks of Pesticides to Human Health Alternatives to Pesticides Laws Controlling Pesticides Use
More information2015 Residue Monitoring Report. Skretting Australia Summary of Results Issued March 2016
Residue Monitoring Report Skretting Australia Summary of Results - Issued March 216 Skretting Skretting is a world leader in nutritional solutions for farmed fish and shrimp. Total annual production and
More informationImproving Chromatographic Performance of Underivatised Anionic Polar Pesticides in Food to Overcome Renowned Analytical Challenges
Improving Chromatographic Performance of Underivatised Anionic Polar Pesticides in Food to Overcome Renowned Analytical Challenges Ken Rosnack Principal Market Development Manager Food & Environmental
More informationDetermination of organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup and GC-ECD
Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup and GC-ECD 1. Experimental Section LabTech, Inc. 1.1 Instruments and reagents AutoClean automatic
More information22/7/1997 Directorate General for Agriculture VI B II-1
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 7524/VI/95 rev.2 22/7/1997 Directorate General for Agriculture ------- VI B II-1 1 APPENDIX C TESTING OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS IN ROTATIONAL CROPS The current
More informationASSESSMENT OF LINDANE (GAMMA HCH) RESIDUES IN WATER AND MILK SAMPLES IN PALAKKAD DISTRICT*
ASSESSMENT OF LINDANE (GAMMA HCH) RESIDUES IN WATER AND MILK SAMPLES IN PALAKKAD DISTRICT* Received - 25.03.2012 Accepted - 25.05.2012 V.R. Dhanya 1, P.T.A. Usha 2, A.R Nisha 3, C.B. Vineetha 4 and V.J.
More informationSamplers for GC and GC/MS. Innovation with Integrity. Versatility, Reliability & Productivity. Gas Chromatography
Samplers for GC and GC/MS Versatility, Reliability & Productivity Innovation with Integrity Gas Chromatography Samplers for GC and GC/MS Bruker s automatic liquid samplers are designed to provide the high
More informationPesticide Management in the Field and Its Relevance to Residues in Feed Grains
Pesticide Management in the Field and Its Relevance to Residues in Feed Grains Bhadriraju Subramanyam (Subi), PhD Professor Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas
More informationPesticide Markets and Related Situations in Thailand
Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci) 22 : 205-211 (2001) «. µ» µ å ( ß ) ªï Ë 22 : 205-211 (2544) Pesticide Markets and Related Situations in Thailand Nongnooch Poramacom ABSTRACT The analysis is based on secondary
More information2.1 This procedure provides steps and conditions for the determination of Vapor Space Organic Compounds in ground waters, and industrial waste waters.
1. TITLE: MSD Analytical Method for Vapor Space Organics 2. PURPOSE: 2.1 This procedure provides steps and conditions for the determination of Vapor Space Organic Compounds in ground waters, and industrial
More informationAnalysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Red-tailed Hawk Blood, Mink and Deer Liver and Kidney. David J. Price, Wesley J.
Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Red-tailed Hawk Blood, Mink and Deer Liver and Kidney David J. Price, Wesley J. Birge Over the past several months, we have received requests to analyze a
More informationValidation of Sulfur Dioxide Using. SKC UME x 200 Passive Sampler Cat. No Page 1 of 14 Publication 1781 Rev 1607
Validation of Sulfur Dioxide Using SKC UME x 200 Passive Sampler Cat. No. 500-200 Page 1 of 14 Publication 1781 Rev 1607 Research Report Validation of Sulfur Dioxide Using SKC UME x 200 Passive Sampler
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.158-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB National Food
More informationDevelopment of a Fast and Cost-Effective Multi-Residue Method to Determine Pesticides in Tobacco by LC/MS/MS
TECHNICAL NOTE Pesticides in Tobacco Development of a Fast and Cost-Effective Multi-Residue Method to Determine Pesticides in Tobacco by LC/MS/MS API 4000 LC/MS/MS System Overview This application note
More informationNew Jersey Food Monitoring & Evaluation Program
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Pesticide Control Program FARM FRESH PRODUCE IN THE GARDEN STATE: A LOOK AT DIRECT MARKET FRUITS & VEGETABLES New Jersey Food Monitoring & Evaluation Program
More informationAnalysis of Semivolatiles by GC/FID using the Ultra Inert Inlet Liners with Wool
Analysis of Semivolatiles by GC/FID using the Ultra Inert Inlet Liners with Wool Application Note Environmental Authors Limian Zhao and Bill Wilson Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2850 Centerville Road Wilmington,
More informationAgreed by VICH Steering Committee January Adoption by CVMP 12 February Date for coming into effect January 2016
12 February 2015 EMA/CVMP/VICH/463202/2009 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) VICH topic GL49: Studies to evaluate the metabolism and residues kinetics of veterinary drugs in human
More information