Stakeholder Working Group Meeting Florida Solid Waste Management: State of the State

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1 Stakeholder Working Group Meeting Florida Solid Waste Management: State of the State October 5, 2017 Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment University of Florida 10/11/2017 1

2 Introductions 10/11/2017 2

3 Solid Waste Management: State of State Motivation and Justification: Market values for recyclable commodities are lower than they have been in years. Recovered material purchasers (e.g., paper mills) are demanding higher quality product while at the same time product quality from many materials recovery facilities (MRF) has declined with the predominance of single stream programs. The waste stream has evolved less newspaper, more composite packaging

4 Solid Waste Management: State of State Motivation and Justification: More efficient collection vehicles and strategies Waste management technologies that were historically never considered feasible are actively being pursued Gasification, anaerobic digestion, source separated organics Statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements drive additional recycling or landfill diversion Florida 75% recycling goal; required C&D recycling where economically feasible Landfill costs remain low Low Solids Anaerobic Digestion System for SSO in Toronto, Canada

5 Commodities Pricing Recyclables Commodity Pricing Monthly Averages In July, the Chinese notified the World Trade Association (WTO) of its intent to ban 24 materials from import into China. Mixed plastic, plastics that once contained food, rigid plastics and mixed waste paper were among the materials identified as banned as of January 1, Earlier this month, the Chinese announced a new ratcheting down of the quality of material flowing into the country. This 0.3% prohibitive limit is effective before the ban takes place. The new quality specifications apply to all materials, even those not included on the banned list (such as newspaper or cardboard). The Chinese Government has not issued the required quotas necessary for its mills to buy recycled material. This is resulting in a short-term reduction of all tons being allowed into China for recycling.

6 10/11/2017 6

7 Project Objectives Form a state-wide stakeholder working group and foster a dialogue on the state of solid waste Compile cost data from Florida municipalities Estimate materials flow and composition for the Florida solid waste stream Create a database of commodities pricing for recyclables 2014 Florida Waste Generation: FDEP Annual Reports

8 Project Objectives Develop a series of specific waste management options (for Florida conditions) and conduct an economic and environmental assessment of different waste management technologies LCA tools + collected data Evaluate the economic viability feasibility of CDD recycling, as well as emerging waste management technologies, for different FL regions Develop a publically available summary document that outlines the findings and provides data Whitepaper Produced as Deliverable for Hinkley Combustion Recycling Project

9 Project Tasks The proposed research project is broken down into the following four tasks: Task 1: Establish Stakeholder Working Group Task 2: Compile Available Data on FL Solid Waste Management Economics Task 3: Develop Waste Economic and Environmental Scenario Evaluations Task 4: Summary Whitepaper: Florida Solid Waste Management: State of the State

10 Today s Goals Discuss the current numbers with respect to how much waste is produced, recycled, combusted, and landfilled in Florida. Explore data gaps with respect to waste amounts, disposition, and cost. Examine opportunities and limitations to reaching the current State recycling goal, and discuss how SMM might be integrated into alternative goals. 10/11/

11 Agenda Activity Introductions, and Agenda MSW Management in Florida: The Current Numbers Getting to 75%: County Case Studies Getting to 75%: State Approaches Lunch Moving toward SMM Adjourn Schedule 10:00-10:15am 10:15-10:45am 10:45-11:15am 11:15-12:15pm 12:15-1:00pm 1:00-1:45pm 1:45pm 10/11/

12 MSW Management in Florida The Current Numbers 10/11/

13 Current Data All the available data is listed under the FDEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2015 Annual Report and retrieved from RE-TRAC. g/swreportdata/15_data.htm 10/11/

14 Current Data Reported Data 10/11/

15 Current Data Reporting System 10/11/

16 Current Data Reporting System 10/11/

17 Current Data Types of Recycling Credits Total Recycling Credits Traditional Recycling Credits Standard Recycling Credits Traditional recycling credits Renewable energy recycling credits As described by FDEP Only MSW material components recycled 10/11/

18 Recycling Credits Traditional Recycling Credits Yard trash used as a landfill cover Other MSW used as landfill cover Treated contaminated soil used as a landfill cover Fuel or fuel substitute recycling credits Recycling of MSW material components 10/11/

19 Recycling Credits Renewable Recycling Credits Landfill gas generated from yard trash Landfill gas generated from MSW Waste To Energy Other renewable energy other than WTE Yard trash disposed beneficially in a landfill to generate energy other than landfill gas 10/11/

20 Florida Total Waste Generation Standard Recycling Rate: 40.6% Traditional Recycling Rate: 44.7% Total Recycling Rate: 55.8% 15.2 million tons standard recycled 4.51 million tons combusted 17.7 million tons landfilled 16.7 million tons traditionally recycled 4.51 million tons combusted 16.2 million tons landfilled 20.8 million tons total recycled 892,526 million tons combusted 15.6 million tons landfilled 37.4 Million tons 37.4 Million tons 37.4 Million tons 10/11/

21 Next, Let s Break This Down By 4 Major Categories 1. Residential MSW* 2. Non-residential MSW* 3. C&D Debris 4. Yard Trash *Not including yard trash or C&D debris. 10/11/

22 Assumptions There are assumptions that are made that are needed to find the data we are looking for. 10/11/

23 Assumptions Yard Trash and C&D Debris using best judgment yard trash and C&D Debris were removed from residential and nonresidential WTE & Landfill A portion of the collected tons for all MSW material components goes to either WTE or LF based on the relative amounts of each counties total WTE and LF 10/11/

24 State of Florida Total Waste Generation by Category Categorizing the total 32.5 million tons of collected MSW into the four categories 4.20 million tons yard trash million tons residential 9.15 million tons nonresidential million tons C&D Debris 37.4 Million tons 10/11/

25 State of Florida Total Waste Generation by Category Categorizing the total 32.5 million tons of collected MSW into the four categories million tons residential Million tons 10/11/

26 Residential Waste Generation Standard Recycling Rate: 18.9% Traditional Recycling Rate: 20.5% Total Recycling Rate: 41.3% 2.33 million tons standard recycled 2.29 million tons combusted 2.52 million tons traditional recycled 2.29 million tons combusted 5.10 million tons total recycled 7.72 million tons landfilled 7.53 million tons landfilled 7.24 million tons landfilled Million tons Million tons Million tons 10/11/

27 Non-Residential Categorizing the total 32.5 million tons of collected MSW into the four categories 9.15 million tons nonresidential 9.15 Million tons 10/11/

28 Non-Residential Waste Generation Standard Recycling Rate: 39.1% Traditional Recycling Rate: 42.5% Total Recycling Rate: 63.4% 3.58 million tons standard recycled 1.69 million tons combusted 3.89 million tons traditional recycled 1.69 million tons combusted 5.80 million tons total recycled 3.87 million tons landfilled 3.56 million tons landfilled 3.35 million tons landfilled 9.15 Million tons 9.15 Million tons 9.15 Million tons 10/11/

29 C&D Debris Categorizing the total 32.5 million tons of collected MSW into the four categories million tons C&D Debris Million tons 10/11/

30 Since C&D is assumed to not be combusted and it is assumed the treated contaminated soil recycling credits and other MSW used for LF cover recycling credits originate from the landfill C&D tons C&D Debris 7.07 million tons recycled 4.29 million tons landfilled Traditional Recycling Rate: 59.9% Total Recycling Rate: 62.6% Standard Recycling Rate: 62.6% Million tons 10/11/

31 Yard Trash Categorizing the total 32.5 million tons of collected MSW into the four categories 4.20 million tons yard trash 4.20 Million tons 10/11/

32 Yard Trash Generation Standard Recycling Rate: 50.0% Traditional Recycling Rate: 67.3% Total Recycling Rate: 80.7% 2.09 million tons standard recycled 528,696 tons combusted 1.57 million tons landfilled 4.20 Million tons 2.82 million tons traditionally recycled 528,696 tons combusted 845,859 tons landfilled 4.20 Million tons 3.38 million tons total recycled 812,465 tons landfilled 4.20 Million tons 10/11/

33 Recycling Rate Recycling Rates by Category 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Residential Non-Residential C&D Debris Yard Trash Standard Recycling Rate Traditional Recycling Rate Total Recycling Rate 10/11/

34 Quantifying Environmental Burdens Life Cycle Assessment Models EPA WARM Model 10/11/

35 GHG Emission Factors Net CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalents (MTCO2E) MTCO2E Ton Waste Mass of Waste 10/11/

36 WARM GHG Emission Factors 10/11/

37 WARM GHG Energy Factors 10/11/

38 Collection and Transportation CO2 Collection and Transportation Solid Waste Waste Management Facility CO MTCO2E Ton Waste Distance 10/11/

39 Final Disposition Landfill CO2 CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Thermal Solid Waste Waste Management Facility Biological 10/11/

40 Landfilling Landfill in India Landfill in South America Construction Equipment Operation Decomposition Primarily anaerobic CO 2 What about carbon storage? Is all carbon the same? C 6 H 10 O 5 + H 2 O 3CH 4 + 3CO 2 GHG Emit to Capture and Energy 10/11/2017 Atmosphere Flare Recovery 40

41 10/11/

42 Biological Treatment Construction Equipment Operation CO 2 What about carbon storage? Is all carbon the same? Anaerobic Digestion in Canada Composting Primarily aerobic process Composting in Philippines C 6 H 10 O 5 + 6O 2 6C H 2 O Anaerobic digestion C 6 H 10 O 5 + H 2 O 3CH 4 + 3CO 2 Energy Input Energy Output 10/11/

43 10/11/

44 Thermal Treatment Excess Air Combustion in Taiwan Construction Equipment Operation CO 2 Is all carbon the same? Gasification in US Excess Air Combustion CO 2, N 2 O Pyrolysis, Gasification Energy Output Syngas and other products (CO, H2, Carbon) Energy Output Combustion Liquid Fuel CO 2, N 2 O 10/11/

45 10/11/

46 Recycling CO2 CO2 CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O CO2 Raw Materials Extraction Manufacturing Solid Waste Waste Management Facility 10/11/

47 Recycling CO2 CO2 CO2 CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Raw Materials Extraction Manufacturing Solid Waste Waste Management Facility 10/11/

48 10/11/

49 WARM GHG Emission Factors for Recycling Aluminum Cans Cardboard Newspaper Computer Steel Cans PET Plastic HDPE Plastic Glass Asphalt Shingle Drywall GHG Emissions (MTCO2E/ton) /11/

50 Source Reduction CO2 CO2 CO2 CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Raw Materials Extraction Manufacturing Solid Wast e Waste Management Facility 10/11/

51 10/11/

52 Getting to 75% County Case Studies 10/11/

53 Opportunities to Apply SMM Tools and Principles to Waste Management Decision Making A state or community could use a life cycle model to evaluate priorities for developing regulations or policies Compare different scenarios (e.g., waste to energy versus SSO) to assess which approach provides the overall lower environmental burden. 10/11/

54 Sarasota County Case Study Town of Long Boat Key City of Sarasota City of Venice City of North Port 10/11/

55 Approaches to 75% Waste to energy (WTE) scenario: Divert 100% of materials landfilled to WTE, this reduces landfill waste by 70%. Mixed waste processing scenario: recover 10% of materials otherwise landfilled in a MWPF. Biosolids and yard trash composting scenario: 100% of all biosolids collected composted with all of the collected yard trash at central county landfill (56% of total collected yard trash in the county). Commercial food waste and yard trash composting scenario: all yard trash collected by county (56% of total collected yard trash in the county) composted with 58% of commercial food waste otherwise landfilled. Food waste anaerobic digestion scenario: Assumed 65% of all food waste otherwise landfilled AD. 10/11/

56 Thousand MTCO2E GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Baseline Mixed Waste Processing Waste-to-Energy Biosolids and Yards Trash Composting Commerical Food/Yard Trash Composting Organics Anaerobic Digestion /11/

57 Thousand mmbtu Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Baseline Mixed Waste Processing Waste-to-Energy Biosolids and Yards Trash Composting Commerical Food/Yard Trash Composting Organics Anaerobic Digestion -1,000-2,000-3,000-4,000-5,000-6,000-7,000-8,000 10/11/

58 Recycling Rate Recycling Rates: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2016 Baseline Mixed Waste Processing Waste-to-Energy Biosolids and Yards Trash Composting Traditional Recycling Rate (%) Total Recycling Rate (%) Commerical Food/Yard Trash Composting Organics Anaerobic Digestion 10/11/

59 Palm Beach County Case Study

60 Approaches to 75% Glass pozzolan processing scenario: 94% of all glass recycled would be processed to become a pozzolan used in concrete manufacture, remaining glass is recycled traditionally. WTE bottom ash recycling scenario: 60% of WTE Ash is used as road base replacing limerock and through advanced metal recovery 2% of the ash is additionally recycled; results in 30% reduction of materials landfilled. WTE bottom ash recycling and glass pozzolan processing scenario: Combines both scenarios. 10/11/

61 Thousand mmbtu GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Baseline Glass Pozzolan Processing BA Recycling BA Recycling and GP Processing -5,000-10,000-15,000-20,000-25,000 10/11/

62 Thousand MTCO2E Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Baseline Glass Pozzolan Processing BA Recycling BA Recycling and GP Processing ,000-1,200-1,400-1,600-1,800 10/11/

63 Recycling Rate Recycling Rates: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2016 Baseline Glass Pozzolan Processing Traditional Recycling Rate BA Recycling Total Recycling Rate BA Recycling and GP Processing 10/11/

64 Getting to 75% State Approaches 10/11/

65 State Approaches 10/11/

66 Approach 1 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) approach: Increase the capacities of existing WTE in Miami-Dade, Broward, & Pinellas and add new WTE facilities in 11 counties that do not have WTE facilities. 10/11/

67 Approach 1 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) approach: The increased capacity results in a target landfill rate of 2.6% in those counties 10/11/

68 MTCO2E/Person GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Approaches Baseline WTE Approach /11/

69 mmbtu/person Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Approaches Baseline WTE Approach /11/

70 Palm Beach Hillsborough Pinellas Pasco Monroe Lake Brevard Calhoun Walton Duval Gulf Jackson Martin Washington Orange Volusia Sarasota Escambia St. Lucie Santa Rosa Okaloosa Okeechobee Nassau Flagler Highlands Gadsden Wakulla Franklin Hardee Glades Madison Dixie Union Lafayette Tons per Year Approach 1 Florida MSW Disposal 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,000 - County 10/11/2017 Landfill Waste-to-Energy 70

71 Current Miami-Dade Broward Pinellas Lake Bay Polk Duval Orange Brevard Volusia Seminole Escambia Manatee Sarasota Collier Marion Santa Rosa Leon Alachua Okeechobee Indian River St Johns Martin Flagler Clay St. Lucie Hernando Suwannee Okaloosa Highlands Charlotte Osceola Nassau Columbia Sumter Putnam Jackson Citrus DeSoto Levy Gadsden Walton Hardee Wakulla Baker Taylor Bradford Franklin Calhoun Glades Washington Jefferson Hamilton Dixie Gulf Gilchrist Madison Union Liberty Holmes Lafayette Monroe Hendry Statewide Recycling Rate 80% Waste-to-Energy Alternative 70% 60% 50% WTE Renewable Energy Credits 40% 30% 20% Traditional Recycling Rate 10% 0% County 10/11/

72 Statewide Recycling Rate (Millions) 100% 90% 80% New Capacity North Florida (0.6 million tpy) $800 $600 $400 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Capacity Increase (3.1 million tpy) New Capacity Central Florida (2.2 million tpy) New Capacity SW Florida (0.7 million tpy) $200 $0 -$200 -$400 -$600 -$800 0% Current Miami- Dade Browar Pinellas Duval Polk Orange Semino Osceol d le a Brevar d Volusia Manate Sarasot Collier Charlot e a te Renewable Energy 12.00% 14.35% 16.48% 16.72% 17.60% 18.50% 19.14% 19.64% 19.78% 20.40% 20.99% 21.33% 21.68% 21.94% 22.08% Traditional 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% Cumulative Cost $124,3 $237,2 $250,1 $296,7 $344,5 $378,1 $404,7 $411,9 $445,0 $476,0 $494,4 $512,5 $526,6 $533,9 Cost per ton $81 Cost per percentage point $53 million -$1,000 10/11/

73 Approach 2 Mixed Waste Processing (MWP) approach: Increase the residential recycling rate to 55.7% and the non-residential recycling rate to 47.6% for 13 counties. 10/11/

74 Approach 2 Mixed Waste Processing (MWP) approach: Residential 55.7% target includes: Single Stream MWP in conjunction with current curbside recycling Organics Composting Non-Residential 47.6% target includes: Single Stream MWP Organics Composting 10/11/

75 MTCO2E/Person GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Approaches Baseline MWP Approach /11/

76 mmbtu/person Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Approaches Baseline MWP Approach /11/

77 Current Miami-Dade Broward Pinellas Palm Beach Brevard Polk Volusia Seminole Escambia Santa Rosa Sarasota Levy Hillsborough Collier Orange Marion Lake Alachua Flagler Clay Suwannee Highlands Bay Leon Hernando Charlotte Okaloosa St Johns Martin Indian River Nassau Osceola Jackson Pasco Sumter Columbia Lee Okeechobee Monroe DeSoto Walton Hardee Calhoun Glades Manatee Taylor Baker Putnam Citrus Wakulla Franklin Washington Jefferson Bradford Gadsden Gulf Dixie Union Hamilton Gilchrist Liberty Lafayette Holmes Hendry Madison Duval St. Lucie Total Recycling Rate Cumulatie Cost ($) 100.0% Mixed Waste Processing Alternative $600,000, % 80.0% $400,000, % $200,000, % $- 50.0% 40.0% $(200,000,000) 30.0% $(400,000,000) 20.0% 10.0% $(600,000,000) 0.0% $(800,000,000) 10/11/2017 Counties 77

78 Mixed Waste Processing Alternative 100% $400,000,000 90% $300,000,000 80% $200,000,000 70% $100,000,000 60% 2.7% 4.9% 5.5% 6.1% 6.5% 7.0% 7.3% 7.6% 7.8% 8.0% 8.1% 8.3% 8.4% $- 50% 40% $(100,000,000) 30% $(200,000,000) 20% $(300,000,000) 10% $(400,000,000) 0% $(500,000,000) Cost per ton $35 Cost per percentage point $37 million 10/11/

79 Approach 3 Traditional Recycling 10/11/

80 Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Hillsborough County Orange County Broward County Pinellas County Duval County Brevard County Lee County Collier County Sarasota County Volusia County Manatee County Charlotte County Polk County Pasco County Alachua County Escambia County St. Lucie County Leon County Indian River County Monroe County Marion County Martin County Bay County Seminole County Sumter County St. Johns County Putnam County Citrus County Lake County Hernando County Clay County Osceola County Okaloosa County Santa Rosa County Nassau County Hendry County Desoto County Columbia County Highlands County Flagler County Suwanne County Walton County Okeechobee County Wakulla County Gadsden County Bradford County Franklin County Jackson County Madison County Taylor County Levy County Baker County Washington County Hamilton County Calhoun County Hardee County Gilchrist County Holmes County Recycling Center Gulf County Union County Jefferson County Glades County Liberty County Lafayette County Dixie County Traditional Recycling Mass (tons) 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , ,000 Traditional Recycling (2016) 30 # Counties 37 97% Traditional Recycling Mass 3% 43% Weighted Avg Standard Recycling Rate 16% 59% Weighted Avg Total Recycling Rate 22% 92% Collected Waste Mass 8% 400, ,000 0 County 10/11/

81 Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Hillsborough County Orange County Broward County Pinellas County Duval County Brevard County Lee County Collier County Sarasota County Volusia County Manatee County Charlotte County Polk County Pasco County Alachua County Escambia County St. Lucie County Leon County Indian River County Monroe County Marion County Martin County Bay County Seminole County Sumter County St. Johns County Putnam County Citrus County Lake County Hernando County Clay County Osceola County Okaloosa County Santa Rosa County Nassau County Hendry County Desoto County Columbia County Highlands County Flagler County Suwanne County Walton County Okeechobee County Wakulla County Gadsden County Bradford County Franklin County Jackson County Madison County Taylor County Levy County Baker County Washington County Hamilton County Calhoun County Hardee County Gilchrist County Holmes County Recycling Center Gulf County Union County Jefferson County Glades County Liberty County Lafayette County Dixie County Traditional Recycling Mass (tons) 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , ,000 Traditional Recycling (2016) 30 # Counties 37 95% Traditional Recycling Mass 5% 43% Weighted Avg Standard Recycling Rate 43% (270% Increase) 59% Weighted Avg Total Recycling Rate 49% Statewide Recycling Rate Increase = 2% 400, ,000 0 County 10/11/

82 Alternative Approaches to a 75% Recycling Rate 10/11/

83 Where we left off January 10, 2017 We discussed an approach to track Florida s waste management progress using measurements other than a weight-based recycling rate. WARM Emission and Energy Factors Net CO 2 Emissions and Net Energy Use 10/11/

84 Approach Since the statute was passed in 2008, let s set this as our baseline year. Originally in that year Florida had a recycling rate of ~29%. Recycling Rate (% Weight) 29% 2008 Measured 10/11/

85 Approach Then we come up with a hypothetical waste management scenario that reached 75% in We will use this to set the threshold the state will aspire to. 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) 29% 2008 Measured 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/

86 Approach Use this hypothetical 75% recycling scenario, calculate a corresponding GHG emission and energy use values/footprints (with WARM factors) 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/

87 Approach Calculate a baseline GHG footprint 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) GHG Emissions (MTCO2E) -XXX MTCO2E 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/

88 Approach Calculate a baseline energy footprint 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) Energy Use (MMBTU) -YYY MMBTU 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/

89 % Traditional 54% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

90 Constructed and operated WTE facilities in Orange and Duval Counties 42% Traditional 59% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

91 Established a Bottle Bill and Recycled 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, and Plastic Bottles 44.9% Traditional 56.6% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

92 Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard and Office Paper 51.4% Traditional 63.0% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

93 Food Waste Recycling (composting) to 80% 47.0% Traditional 57.7% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

94 Recycle 80% of C&D and Yard Trash 52.4% Traditional 64.1% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/

95 Target = -26 million MTCO2E Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard, Office Paper, Yard Trash, C&D and Food Waste 66.0% Traditional 76.7% Adjusted 10/11/

96 % Traditional 54% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

97 Constructed and operated WTE facilities in Orange and Duval Counties 42% Traditional 59% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

98 Established a Bottle Bill and Recycled 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, and Plastic Bottles 44.9% Traditional 56.6% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

99 Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard and Office Paper 51.4% Traditional 63.0% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

100 Food Waste Recycling (composting) to 80% 47.0% Traditional 57.7% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

101 Recycle 80% of C&D and Yard Trash 52.4% Traditional 64.1% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

102 Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard, Office Paper, Yard Trash, C&D and Food Waste 66.0% Traditional 76.7% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmbtu 10/11/

103 After the Working Group Meeting We began to explore alternative ways to present the results. -26 million MTCO2E GHG emissions and -270 million mmbtu These numbers are a bit abstract. We developed a procedure to equate these numbers to the traditional recycling rate. We presented this at RFT in June /11/

104 Approach 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) GHG Emissions (MTCO2E) -XXX MTCO2E 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/

105 Approach 75% million MTCO2E Recycling Rate (% Weight) & GHG Footprint (MTCO2E) = 2008 Recycling Rate Baseline 2008 GHG Footprint Baseline 10/11/

106 Approach 75% million MTCO2E Recycling Rate (% Weight) & GHG Footprint (MTCO2E) -15 million MTCO2E 2008 Recycling Rate Baseline 2008 GHG Footprint Baseline Future Year GHG Footprint Baseline 10/11/

107 Approach 15 million 25.8 million x 75% = 43.6% 75% million MTCO2E Recycling Rate (% Weight) & GHG Footprint (MTCO2E) -15 million MTCO2E 43.6% 2008 Recycling Rate Baseline 2008 GHG Footprint Baseline Future Year GHG Footprint Baseline Future Year Effective Recycling Rate 10/11/

108 RFT Presentation Examined progress toward recycling at several different future waste management scenarios Build more WTE Increase residential recycling Institute SSO More C&D and yard trash recycling 10/11/

109 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A SMM Scenario B Duval, Brevard, Polk, Volusia, and Orange county divert a third of their total collected MSW into WTE. SMM Scenario C SMM Scenario D 2015 Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

110 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SMM Scenario C 75% recycling of residential curbside materials for newspaper, glass, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, steel cans, corrugated paper, and office paper. SMM Scenario D 2015 Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

111 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SSO SMM Scenario C SMM Scenario D Organics recycling program will increase the Florida s food recycling rate to become 75% 2015 Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

112 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SSO SMM Scenario C Focus on C&D & YT SMM Scenario D 2015 Portfolio Bulk recycling programs for with a 75% recycling rate for C&D Debris and yard trash Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

113 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SSO SMM Scenario C Focus on C&D & YT SMM Scenario D Portfolio Current 2015 Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

114 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SSO SMM Scenario C Focus on C&D & YT SMM Scenario D Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

115 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards Baseline 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Expand WTE SMM Scenario A Enhance Recycling SMM Scenario B SSO SMM Scenario C Focus on C&D & YT SMM Scenario D Portfolio Baseline 2 Metric Recycling Rate (With WTE) GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

116 Since the RFT meeting We continued the refine the analysis and we worked with participating counties. One thing that became clear is that we were not truly counting source reduction. 10/11/

117 Florida Solid Waste Generation in 2008 and 2015 Million Tons of Solid Waste /11/

118 Per-Capita Florida Solid Waste Generation in 2008 and 2015 Tons of Solid Waste per Person-Year /11/

119 9 8 7 GHG Source Reduction Factors (based on WARM) 6 MTCO2E Ton /11/

120 Energy Source Reduction Factors (based on WARM) 70 MMBTU Tom /11/

121 Florida s Per-Capita Waste Component Increase/Decrease Per Capita Generation (ton/person-year) Material Difference Aluminum Cans C&D Debris Corrugated Paper Ferrous Metals Food Glass Newspaper Non Ferrous Metal Office Paper Other Paper Other Plastics Plastic Bottles Steel Cans Textiles Tires White Goods Miscellaneous Process Fuel Yard Trash Total /11/

122 Since the RFT meeting We have refined the analysis to include source reduction. Discussion point we not only include source reduction, but we include a source increase This requires everything to be analyzed on a per capita basis. Note: when using per capita generation rates, if we did not count source reduction, the effective recycling rates would be lower 10/11/

123 EfW-dominated baseline 28% EfW 7% Recycled 10% Baselines 4% 2% 4% 2% Recycled-dominated baseline Recycled 25% Landfill 8% EfW 11% 10% 9% 25% Landfill 5% 12% 1% 7% 2% 16% 4% 5% 3% 10/11/2017 Recycled MSW Materials Mixed Paper Mixed Metals Other Mixed Plastic Corrugated Paper Food C&D Debris Glass Yard Trash 123

124 Example for Florida: Extrapolate 2020 MSW management in Florida using different SMM approaches. Scenario EfW scenario Curbside scenario Description Expands on Florida s EfW recycling credits, by diverting a third of the total collected MSW of the five most populated counties (Duval, Brevard, Polk, Volusia, and Orange county) to a WTE facility to recover EfW recycling credits. The major residential curbside materials (newspaper, glass, aluminum and steel cans, plastic bottles, corrugated and office paper) are recycled in the state at 75%. Organics scenario The state s food waste is recycled at 75%. C&D and YT scenario The state s C&D and YT are recycled at 75%. Combination scenario Combines the curbside, organics, and C&D and YT scenarios. 10/11/

125 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Duval, Brevard, Polk, Volusia, and Orange county divert a third of their total collected MSW into WTE. Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination /11/

126 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Duval, Brevard, Polk, Volusia, and Orange county divert a third of their total collected MSW into WTE. Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination 2015 Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction or increase) 10/11/

127 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario 75% recycling of residential curbside materials for newspaper, glass, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, steel cans, corrugated paper, and office paper. C&D and YT Scenario Combination 2015 Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

128 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Organics recycling program will increase the Florida s food recycling rate to become 75% Combination 2015 Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

129 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination Bulk recycling programs for with a 75% recycling rate for C&D Debris and yard trash 2015 Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

130 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination 2015 Combination of Curbside, Organics, and C&D and YT Scenario Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

131 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination Mass and Disposition Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

132 Applying SMM for Florida SWM in 2020 Progress Towards EfW-Dominated baseline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% EfW Scenario Traditional GHG Energy EfW Curbside Scenario Organics Scenario C&D and YT Scenario Combination Contribution of upstream burden (source reduction of increase) 10/11/

133 10/11/

134 10/11/

135 10/11/

136 10/11/

137 10/11/

138 10/11/

139 10/11/

140 10/11/

141 Florida Solid Waste Generation in 2008, 2015 and 2016 Million Tons of Solid Waste /11/

142 Per-Capita Florida Solid Waste Generation in 2008, 2015 and Tons of Solid Waste per Person-Year /11/

143 Florida Solid Waste Source Reduction Waste Goes up in 2016! Per Capita Generation Change (ton/person-year) Material Aluminum Cans C&D Debris Corrugated Paper Ferrous Metals Food Glass Newspaper Non Ferrous Metal Office Paper Other Paper Other Plastics Plastic Bottles Steel Cans Textiles Tires White Goods Miscellaneous Process Fuel Yard Trash Total /11/

144 Lessons Learned Choice of baseline is important. Source reduction plays a large role. Accurate and detailed waste composition, generation and disposition data are critical. Unlike weight-based recycling rate approach, this methodology clearly differentiates between materials. Ramifications? 10/11/

145 Material increased to 75% recycling rate Incremental Increase Relative To The Baseline -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Mixed Paper Corrugated Paper Mixed Metals Mixed Plastic C&D Debris Food Glass Yard Trash Recycling Rate GHG Savings Energy Savings 10/11/

146 Discussion Topics Which baseline to use? What impact categories to assess? Multiple? Implications of differences among materials? How do we refine and better present this information to be of use? Other approaches to move toward SMM metrics? 10/11/

147 Next Steps for Working Group Need input on what we should include in Whitepaper. Need reviewers for whitepaper. One more working group meeting (Dec or Jan) 10/11/

148 Metric Other Approaches Greenhouse Gases Energy Consumption Water Consumption Community decides which is the most important to become the objective metric Objective Metric Baselines Acidification Potential Reporting Measurements 10/11/

149 Other Approaches Composting Food Waste Aerobic Digestion Landfill 10/11/

150 Other Approaches Consumption Composting Agriculture Practice Manufacturing Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion Landfill 10/11/

151 10/11/

RFT Annual Conference Florida Solid Waste Management: State of the State June 12 st, 2017 Tim Townsend, Steve Laux, Malak Anshassi, Matthew Morse

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