Urban Water Security Research Alliance

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1 Urban Water Security Research Alliance Can Stormwater Harvesting Restore Pre-Development Flows in urban catchments in South East Queensland? Stephanie Ashbolt Stormwater Harvesting and Ecohydrology Science Forum, June 2012

2 CONTENTS Introduction the problem Aim of this work Method data, simulation modelling Results simulation analysis Conclusions how results relate to project aims

3 INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM Urbanisation or development of a catchment increases surfaces, leading to: Increased surface runoff Reduced infiltration to groundwater Which means: Increase in frequency, magnitude and duration of flow events Increased erosion, changes to creek morphology

4 THE SOLUTION? Flow Frequency Management Objectives Designed to mitigate increase in frequency and magnitude of flow in urban developments. From the proposed development, capture and manage: The first 10mm of runoff (per day) from surfaces where the total surface is 0 to 40% The first 15mm of runoff (per day) from surfaces where the total surface is greater than 40% In other words, capture a volume equal to: Impervious area (m 2 ) x target design runoff capture depth (mm/day) x 1000 Manage captured stormwater using one or more of: Stormwater evaporation Stormwater reuse (including rainwater collection and use) Infiltration to native soils or a bioretention system Flow diversion

5 AIM 1 Assess the effect of urbanisation on the flow regime 2 Assess the effect of Flow Frequency Management Objectives in restoring predevelopment flows, for a range of urbanisation extents Use calibrated and validated catchment models

6 DATA COLLECTION AND ESTIMATION Rainfall: 0.2mm instantaneous tipping bucket rain gauge Stream level: 6 minute pressure transducer Rating curves: cross-section measurement, flow rate vs height (current meter, acoustic doppler current profiler), Hydstra software Impervious area: automated analysis of aerial photos

7 Area: 362ha TIA: 3% ToC: 1.9 hours Slope: 6.8% UPPER YAUN CREEK

8 Area: 144 ha TIA: 0% ToC: 1.1 hours Slope: 2.9% SCRUBBY CREEK

9 Area: 2785 ha TIA: 1% ToC: 8.25 hours Slope: 0.9% TINGALPA CREEK

10 SIMULATION MODEL: SWMM Calibration: 18 months streamflow and rainfall data Hourly timestep Shuffled complex evolution algorithm (Matlab) Performance metric: Nash Suttcliffe Criterion of Efficiency

11 SIMULATION MODELLING SCENARIOS Various degrees of urbanisation: Predevelopment (0% ) Existing 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70% Above with runoff capture according to FFMOs capture volume = %IA*catchment area*10/15mm

12 RESULTS: YAUN CREEK URBANISATION Runoff at catchment outlet 0 % Hourly runoff (m^3/s) 1e-03 1e-02 1e-01 1e+00 1e+01 existing (3%) 5 % 20 % 40 % 50 % 70 % Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

13 RESULTS: YAUN CREEK FLOW CAPTURE Runoff at catchment outlet 0 % Hourly runoff (m^3/s) 1e-03 1e-02 1e-01 1e+00 1e+01 5 % 5% with capture 20 % 20% with capture 40 % 40% with capture 70 % 70% with capture Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

14 RESULTS YAUN CREEK 90 TH PERCENTILE FLOW th percentile hourly flow (m3/s) % 5% 5% with runoff capture 20% 20% with runoff capture 40% 40% with runoff capture 50% 50% with runoff capture 70% 70% with runoff capture

15 6 RESULTS YAUN CREEK HIGH FLOW SPELLS % 5% 5% with runoff capture 20% 20% with runoff capture 40% 40% with runoff capture 50% 50% with runoff capture 70% 70% with runoff capture High flow spell duration (% of record) Mean of high flow spell (m3/s)

16 RESULTS: SCRUBBY CREEK URBANISATION Runoff at catchment outlet 0 % Hourly runoff (m^3/s) 1e-03 1e-02 1e-01 1e+00 1e+01 5 % 20 % 40 % 50 % 70 % Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

17 RESULTS: SCRUBBY CREEK FLOW CAPTURE Runoff at catchment outlet 0 % Hourly runoff (m^3/s) 1e-03 1e-02 1e-01 1e+00 1e+01 5 % 5% with capture 20 % 20% with capture 40 % 40% with capture 70 % 70% with capture Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

18 RESULTS SCRUBBY CREEK 90 TH PERCENTILE FLOW th percentile of hourly flow (m3/s)

19 RESULTS SCRUBBY CREEK HIGH FLOW SPELLS High flow spell duration (% of record) Mean of high flow spell (m3/s)

20 RESULTS: TINGALPA CREEK URBANISATION Runoff at catchment outlet Hourly runoff (m^3/s) % existing (1%) 5 % 20 % 40 % 50 % 70 % Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

21 RESULTS TINGALPA CREEK FLOW CAPTURE Runoff at catchment outlet Hourly runoff (m^3/s) % 5 % 5% with capture 20 % 20% with capture 40 % 40% with capture 70 % 70% with capture Percent time hourly runoff is exceeded (%)

22 RESULTS: TINGALPA CREEK MEAN and 90 TH PERCENTILE FLOW Average of mean hourly flow per day (m3/s) Top 90th percentile of daily flow (m3/s)

23 RESULTS TINGALPA CREEK HIGH FLOW SPELLS High flow spell duration (% of record) Mean of high flow spell (m3/s)

24 CONCLUSIONS Generally: There is an increase in flow magnitude, frequency and duration with urbanisation. Flow capture according to FMMOs is able to reduce this impact towards a lower effective urbanisation. However: Flow frequency management objectives do not return to predevelopment for these catchments.

25 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Co-authors: Santosh Aryal Kevin Petrone Brian McIntosh Shiroma Maheepala With help from: Richard Gardiner Rezaul Chowdhury

26 Urban Water Security Research Alliance THANK YOU

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