Full-scale remediation of contaminated sludge using plants - investigations, results and experiences

Transcription

1 Open Seminar 2015 Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas Full-scale remediation of contaminated sludge using plants - investigations, results and experiences Anja Hebner Vita 34/BioPlanta Katowice, 6 th March 2015

2 Engineering Services & Environmental Research and Development Vita 34 AG Biotech Branch BioPlanta Deutscher Platz 5a D Leipzig Germany +49(0) (0) Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

3 Our Research Our Experience Interdisciplinary team consists of scientists, engineers, laboratory assistants and technicians More than 20 years experiences in development and use of bio- and phytotechnologies Realization of projects in 11 countries and 5 continents Developed technologies were awarded with several innovation prizes Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

4 Plants from in vitro Production Since 1992 selection and mass propagation of plants for biological treatment of water, soil and sewage sludge Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

5 Production of Functional Plants Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

6 Biotechnological Production of Plants in Bioreactor 10.4 Mio. plants/yr Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

7 Biofactory in the BIOCITY Cell and tissue cultures in GMP-compliant production unit 600 m² modern laboratory area Genetic engineering facility, Security Level 1 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

8 Cryopreservation of Plant Tissue Conservation of genetic diversity of plant Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

9 Full-scale remediation of contaminated sludge using plants - investigations; results and experiences Vita 34 AG Biotech Branch BioPlanta Deutscher Platz 5a D Leipzig Germany +49(0) (0) info@vita34.de Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

10 Full-scale remediation of contaminated sludge using plants 1. History and Investigations 2. Results and Experiences Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

11 Dewatering of sewage sludge transport of sewage sludge via pipeline to a site outside of the city dewatering of sewage sludge using gravity and evaporation discharge of seepage water use of dewatered sludge in agriculture Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

12 Environmental Impact Assessment area of about 56 ha, about 800,000 m³ sewage sludge sewage sludge mainly polluted with metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) water content approx. 65% targets of the remediation project» prevention of hazard risks protection of the groundwater reduction of metal content preservation of habitats of protected birds Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

13 Satellite image Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

14 Investigation on removal of metals using plants testing of different plant species (Miscanthus sinensis, Phragmites communis, Carex disticha, Typha latifolia) feasibility study includes an in vitro biotest as well as pot experiments investigations on phytoextraction efficiency estimation of remediation time Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

15 Remediation plan main objectives: prevention of leaching of contaminants, mineralisation of sewage sludge, removal of metals development of a techniques for establishing of green cover cultivation of reed seedlings on coconut fibre mats estimation of remediation activities and time 15 years scheduling of remediation and monitoring activities Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

16 Mass propagation of adapted reed production of about 1 million in vitro plants acclimatisation of in vitro plants planting of plants on coconut fibre mats pre-cultivation planted fibre mats Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

17 Full-scale remediation of contaminated sludge using plants 1. History and Investigations 2. Results and Experiences Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

18 1994 Start of full scale Phytoremediation demolition of construction building up a control system (water management and access control) capping of sewage sludge using plants removal and incineration of metal containing plant material regular groundwater monitoring increase of biodiversity of surrounding areas Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

19 15 years Phytoremediation and monitoring complete documentation since start of site investigation measurement on groundwater twice a year (level and water characteristic) mowing of remediation plants once a years determination of weight of removed plant material (weight notes) sampling and chemical analysing of plant material yearly calculation of metal removal Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

20 Yearly remediation actions (1) mowing of remediating plants (2) removal of mowed plant material (3) transport to an incineration plant Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

21 15 years Phytoremediation removal of metals calculated using yield and metal content in plant material decreasing yield of reed made a improvement of phytoremediation technique necessary field investigations on phytoextraction using sun flower, rape, maize and willow cultivation of reed & sun flower in , reed & maize in Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

22 Investigations on improvement of metal removal single factors nutrient supply harvest time artificial induced stress using herbicides addition of plant tonics inoculation of roots using Streptomyces and Glomus increase up to 3 times combination of factors harvest time and supply of nutrients Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

23 Metal removal by additional nutrient supply enhanced phytoextraction up to 14.4 times for 4 out of 6 metals by additional nutrient supply to common reed increased removal of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn by multiplicator 1.9 to 3.5 after application of fertiliser to rape no effect on metal transfer by additional nutrient supply to sunflower reed rape Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

24 Metal removal at different harvest times Reed harvested in November (0.7 kg/ha*a -1 ) increase by maximum of 6 times for all metals Sunflower harvested in October (3.4 kg/ha*a -1 ) increase by maximum of 27 times for all metals* Rape harvested in July (1.3 kg/ha*a -1 ) increase by maximum of 13 times for 5 out of 6 metals* * In comparison with the reference. Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

25 cumulative metal removal [kg] cumulative yield [t] Full-scale remediation: results within 15 years 1.1 kg lead 0.5 kg cadmium 0.4 kg chromium 4.4 kg copper 0.7 kg nickel 92.6 kg zinc» 99.7 kg metals» 321 tons dry matter» 486 tons fresh weight were removed Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

26 Conclusion and ongoing activities active phytoremdiation takes place in between selection of plant species is the most important factor to increase metal removal plant selection depending on soil and site characteristics (humus content, dry residue) increase of transfer rate by application of agronomic practise and crop management (nutrient supply, harvest time) future use of the site for ornithological and scientific issues, training for students as well research & development ongoing R&D project: Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

27 Phytoremediation driven energy crops production on heavy metal degraded areas as local energy carrier WP 1 Progress and Results VITA 34 Biotope Schladitz Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March This project has received funding from European Community s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under Grant agreement

28 Consortium Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

29 Structure Establishment of the field trial Results 2014 Transfer of Knowledge Activities Problems, Solutions and Points of Discussion Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

30 Phytoremediation driven energy crops production on heavy metal degraded areas as local energy carrier Establishment of the Field Trial Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under Grant agreement

31 Selection of a suitable site About 1,600 m² Metal content Available for 3 years field trail Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

32 Design of the field trial I 20 of experimental plots, 16m 2 each, 4 m buffer zone Miscanthus x giganteus Sida hermaphrodita Panicum virgatum Spartina pectinata Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

33 Design of the field trial II 1. control (no additives), 2. NPK standard fertilization, 3. Inoculum I addition in 2014, 4. Inoculum II addition (new established inoculum) in 2015, 5. Innoculum I addition in 2015 (as a control for the same conditions for inoculum I addition) Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

34 Field preparation Bordering of the area of field trial Spraying 1 st and 2 nd dose of herbicide including exposure time Tilling of the test field Marking the 20 test plots Installation of water supply Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

35 Cultivation of Rhizomes Shipping of rhizomes from Poland to Germany, April For Miscanthus and Sida Cutting of rhizomes Planting in pots Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

36 Cultivation of Panicum Germination of seeds Planting into soil and later pots Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

37 Plot Establishment Fertilization (NPK standard fertilization) Inoculation (EmFarma Plus ProBiotics, Poland) Planting (49 plants per plot) Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

38 Planting scheme for each experimental plot Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

39 Care Measures Watering Weed control Measurement of soil parameters and documentation of plant growth Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

40 Soil and Plant Samplings Initial soil sampling June 2014 Second soil sampling October 2014 First Plant sampling October 2014 Second plant sampling February 2015 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

41 Randomized sampling scheme Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

42 Phytoremediation driven energy crops production on heavy metal degraded areas as local energy carrier Results 2014 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under Grant agreement

43 Initial Soil Sampling (I) Soil characteristics from one composite samples each plot (n = 20) Parameter ph ph EC OM C-org N total S Fe Mg Ca P K H 2 O KCl µs/ cm % d.w % d.w. % d.w % d.w mg/kg d.w. MEAN ,827 2,103 29,357 16,799 2,215 SD abs SD rel [%] MIN ,837 1,839 22,061 13,362 1,827 MAX , ,278 2,609 39,803 19,874 2,571 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

44 Initial Soil Sampling (II) Total (n = 20) and bioavailable (n = 60) concentration of heavy metals Fraction total Bioavailable <1% Parameter Pb Cd Zn Pb Cd Zn mg/kg d.w. mg/kg d.w. MEAN SD abs SD rel [%] MIN LOQ MAX LOQ Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

45 Second Soil Sampling Bioavailable concentration of heavy metals (n = 60) Sampling June 2014 October 2014 Fraction bioavailable bioavailable Parameter Pb Cd Zn Pb Cd Zn mg/kg d.w. mg/kg d.w. MEAN SD abs SD rel [%] MIN LOQ LOQ MAX LOQ LOQ Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

46 First Plant Sampling Accumulation of metals in plants (n = 72; 23 Miscanthus, 25 Sida, 0 Panicum, 25 Spartina) Mean Pb Cd Zn Plant [mg/kg] [mg/kg] [mg/kg] Miscanthus Sida Panicum Spartina Comparison to common reed, maize, sunflower and rape will be done Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

47 Phytoremediation driven energy crops production on heavy metal degraded areas as local energy carrier Transfer of Knowledge Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under Grant agreement

48 Phytotechnologies Visit at Environmental Centre of Research, Department Environmental Biotechnology Leipzig, May 2014 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

49 Information to General Public Newspaper article Plants are eating heavy metals, Morgenpost, June 2014 Open House Day at Biotope Schladitz, June 2014 Long Night of Research, July 2014 Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

50 Seminar German - Polish Symposium on Phytoremediation June 2014 University of Leipzig Lecturer: Jacek Krzyżak (IETU) Auditorium: Students of Botany and Geography Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

51 Participation in 8th International Conference Innovative Solutions for Revitalisation of Degraded Areas 6-8/10/2014 Ustroń/Katowice, Poland 11th International Phytotechnologies Conference 30/09/ - 03/10/2014 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

52 Phytoremediation driven energy crops production on heavy metal degraded areas as local energy carrier Problems, Solutions and Points of Discussion Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under Grant agreement

53 Lessons Learnt (2014) Out planting was too late, June/August was very dry Irrigation was probably not sufficient for seedlings Plenty of weeds after the first rain, overgrowing some test plants Test plants were pitted by wildlife Sida and Spartina growing well Standards for sampling, preparation of samples and analyses are set Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

54 Prevention Measures/Solutions (2015) Cultivation and replanting of Panicum 5 plots, 250 Plants Replanting of Miscanthus rhizomes 5 plots, < 250 Plants Replanting Spartina seedlings 1 plot Deterrence of deers, rabbits and New fence Improvement of weed control (e.g. application of herbicide) Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

55 Further Tasks Theoretical: Initializing a common tool for data collection, analysis and illustration for both sites, Polish and German, for comparability of measurements Training at Environmental Research Centre (UFZ) and German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ) Practical: Assessment of plants development Inoculation (inoculum I and II) Irrigation, if necessary Seminar on Full-scale of contaminated sludge using plants, Poland, Katowice, 6 th of March

56 Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas Open Seminar 2015 Thank you for your attention Anja Hebner Vita 34/Bioplanta