Smart CHP from Biomass and Waste
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1 Smart CHP from Biomass and Waste It Cost Money to Throw Energy Away Gasification Technology Conference William (Bill) Partanen, P.E October 13-16, 2013 Colorado Springs, CO.
2 SRF and RDF and recycled wood are valuable fuel options use in Metso Gasifiers Household waste (pre-treatment with partners) Wood chips & forest residue 2
3 Commercial Gasification Installations Lahti Energia Full Scale RDF/SRF (160 MW fuel ) First waste gasification plant in the world Start of bio gasification : September 2011 Start on sorted MSW feedstock gasification : Dec Lahti Energia site Vaskiluodon Voima Biomass Gasification Plant (140 MW fuel ) Coal replacement in PC boilers First in the world on such a large scale. Start up: December 2012 Displaces 25 40% of coal fuel Eliminates up to 230,000 TPY CO2 Demonstration GoBiGas Project (20 MW gas output ) Synthetic natural gas production from biomass Licensed steam blown gasification technology from REPOTEC Metso scope: gasification plant, gas synthesis by other 3
4 Gasification Applications 4
5 Gasification technologies Position of Metso CFB gasification PRESSURE OXIDIZIER PROCESS FEEDSTOCK SIZE APPLICATION Atmospheric Air Fixed-bed Coal Pressurized Oxygen BFB Biofuel Steam CFB Oil Entrained flow Transport reactor Flame gasification Gas Waste SMALL 0 10 MW MEDIUM 5-50 MW LARGE MW HUGE MW Combustion engines Combustible gas for industrial furnaces Fossil fuel replacement in power plants IGCC Transport fuels Synthetic NG 5
6 Lahti Energia LAHTI ENERGIA Gasifier 6
7 Complete EfW concept Lahti Energia From well planned recycling & sorting to high efficiency energy solution CFB gasification plant converts waste into clean product gas for the power boiler Processing of 250,000 tonnes /year of solid recovered fuel (SRF) to : 50 MW of electricity 90 MW of district heat World s largest waste (SRF/RDF) gasification power plant Highest electricity efficiency (32 %) CO2 emissions have decreased by 30 % from 2011 to
8 Lahti Energia Metso scope: inlet silo gasifier stack outlet SRF handling Gasification and cooling Hot gas cleanup Steam boiler 121 bar/540 C Flue gas cleaning 8
9 Sorted MSW Waste to Energy Lahti Energy SRF feedstock + gasification + gas cleaning Gasify syngas at o C ( o F) Cooled down to about 400 o C (750 o F) - all corrosive components, - alkali chlorides, Pb, Zn will be in solid form - collect on ceramic filters & removed Filter dust out so the resulting gas is clean Burn clean gas in gas fired boiler Capture mercury after the boiler Reduces boiler O&M 9
10 Waste to Energy Benefits of waste gasification - Modern technology vs. Metso technology Modern grate firing waste power plant ( Power Heat Loss Metso technology (Lahti Case) Power Heat Loss 15% 25% 13% 31% 60% 56% Metso technology is not limiting steam parameters, it is possible to built a plant with even higher power efficiency than Lahti Metso technology: Worlds highest power production efficiency in waste firing 10
11 Lahti Energy Simplified process diagram Flow from/to other gasifier line FUEL ADDITIVE LIMESTONE AMMONIA Product gas AIR SAND Steam: 49 Kg/s (390,000 lbs/hr) 121 Bar 540 C (1750 psig, 1000 F) Product gas ACTIVATED CARBON SODIUMBI- CARBONATE AIR BOTTOM ASH 0 kg/s 0 kg/s m³ 41 m³ 50 m³ NITROGEN PSA FLY ASH FROM GASIFICATION FLY ASH FROM BOILER
12 GASIFICATION of MSW is not INCINERATION Gasification of MSW does not involve combustion (burning) Thermo-chemical process breaks down MSW into simple molecules Molecules convert into a biogas Combustion process uses 110%+ of theoretical air Gasification is auto-thermal using % of theoretical air Dioxins and furans need sufficient oxygen to form or re-form Oxygen-deficiency in a gasifier prevents this from happening 98% of the energy in the MSW feedstock still in the biogas Capture & control harmful pollutants during gasification process Biogas similar in cleanliness to natural gas due to filtration system Combustion - all gas cleaning done after combustion
13 Vaskiluodon Voima Main Features Electricity output 230 Mw District heat output 175 Mw 535 C (995 F) 185 bar (2,675 psig) Success Story Displaces between 20-40% of coal Reduced CO2 emissions by up to 230,000 TPY No boiler instabilities during co-firing All performance guarantees met Tie-in to main plant done during normal scheduled outage 13
14 Supply of Biomass The fuel is procured within 100 kilometers of the plant: Wood (forest harvest residues) 90% (50 100%) Straw and reed canary grass 0% (0 5%) Peat (milled) 10% (0 50%) Amount: 900 GWth/a 30 trucks a day 14
15 Gasifier Feed silos Atmospheric air gasification Reactor CFB-principle Operating range MWe Biofuels are gasified in reactor through partial oxidation Start-up with light oil, air ratio 1.1 The air ratio 0.3 during the gasification mode Product (lean) gas temperature is approximately 1200 F. The syngas produced - CO and H2 (both around 10%), N2, H2O, CO2, tar
16 CFB gasifier Co-firing with Coal Vaskiluodon Voima Scope Metso s scope Feedstock receiving and handling Drying Gasification Boiler modifications Automation, electronics and instrumentation Instrumentation, electronics, and automation Product gas Wet biomass Dried biomass 16 Biomass receiving and pre-handling Large-scale belt dryer CFB gasifier 140 MW fuel
17 Vaasa Feedstock Specifications Feedstock Type Forest Residue Peat Moisture (w-%) Average LHV (MJ.kg) Ash (w-% DM) Cl (w-% DM) <0.05 <0.06 (Na + K) (w-%dm) <
18 Fuel handling Capacity 30 truck loads/d, 3,500 ft 3 /load Unloading capacity 20,000 ft 3 /h % moisture Fuel handling Screening and crushing Automatic sampling Storage silos 2 x 90,000 ft 3 Belt dryer for wood biomass Fuel moisture before dryer 47% Fuel moisture after dryer 34 % Water removal capacity 10 t/h Heat source for drying is the district heating circuit
19 19
20 Gasification co-firing plant layout Fuel sampling Fuel screening and crushing Wood fuel belt dryer Gasifier Fuel unloading Chain conveyers Fuel storage silos VASKILUODON VOIMA OY 20
21 Benefits of adding a biomass gasifier into a existing coalfired plant Produces electricity from biofuels with high efficiency Extends the lifecycle of the existing power plant Replaces fossil fuel with biomass in larger scale Increases fuel flexibility Original coal capacity can be kept Reduces CO 2 emission economically Relatively low investment cost Short delivery time and minimized production interference Interface connections made during normal maintenance outage 21
22 INTERNAL 22
23 Production of biofuels GoBiGas Production: ~20 MW Bio Methane using wood pellets GoBiGas - Phase 1 Investor: Göteborgs Energi AB Schedule: In operation 2013 Gasification & Boiler Island: Metso Power Methanation technolgy: Haldor Topsöe Existing boiler EPCM for Methanation: Jacobs process Source: Göteborg Energi
24 Production of biofuels GoBiGas Overall Process Simplified process scheme of bio-sng process Metso delivers drying, gasification and part of gas cleaning 25 Source: Göteborg Energi
25 Advantages of Gasification Produces a consistent highquality syngas product Can use existing generation infrastructure Simple integration with existing boiler equipment,(no extended shutdown required) Lower maintenance costs Quicker turnaround time from product initiation to start-up Fewer permitting issues Uses broad range of biomass feedstocks and waste materials Provides combustible syngas for industrial & utility boilers Replaces fossil fuel with proven bio/waste fuel Biogas emissions equal or less than those when using natural gas Gasification experience based on over 200 CFB and BFB installations worldwide 27
26 For more information, please contact: William (Bill) Partanen, P.E. Manager, Business Development, Gasification 3430 Toringdon Way Charlotte, NC
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