Risk Assessment & Generic Assessment Criteria for Groundwater Vapours

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1 Risk Assessment & Generic Assessment Criteria for Groundwater Vapours The work of the SoBRA Groundwater Vapour Subgroup James Rayner Geosyntec Consultants Tel: Mobile:

2 Overview What is the problem? What is the purpose of the work? How is the work being done? Initial findings of the work

3 On-Site Perched Water Vapour Emission to Outdoor Air Perched Water & Groundwater Vapour Intrusion of Indoor Air What is the Problem? Groundwater Vapour Emission to Outdoor Air Site Boundary Off-Site Groundwater Vapour Intrusion of Indoor Air Groundwater Vapour Emission to Outdoor Air Volatile contaminants leaching to perched water/ groundwater Volatile Dissolved Phase Contamination Groundwater Flow Groundwater Flow Site Boundary

4 What is the purpose of the work? Develop generic assessment criteria (GAC) and accompanying guidance for use as a robust, conservative tool for preliminary assessment of human health risks from contamination in sub-surface waters in a manner compliant with UK guidance.

5 How is the work being done? Tool Selection and Adaptation to derive GAC Limitations Contaminant Selection Sensitivity Analysis Cross-Check Documented QA/QC (at all stages of the process)

6 Tool Selection & Adaptation Decision to use CLEA v1.06 to provide compatibility with assessment of other exposure pathways Run model with all relevant exposure pathways on, default soil ingress rate off Use soil solution concentration at soil GAC (converted to μg/l) as sub-surface water GAC 1% SOM, two soil types: Sand and Sandy Loam Source depth 50cm from bottom of base of slab (Does NOT take into account effect of capillary fringe)

7 Tool Selection & Adaptation 1. Unhide Media Calculations worksheet CLEA v1.06 Results worksheet 2. Groundwater Vapour GAC (μg/l) = Soil Solution Concentration (mg/cm 3 ) * 1E6 CLEA v1.06 Media Calculations worksheet

8 Contaminant Selection CIRIA VOCs Handbook approach of excluding substances with K aw lower than 4E-4 All applicable EIC/CL:AIRE/AGS substances All applicable substances with current SGV and TOX reports All applicable LQM/CIEH substances (with kind permission of LQM) Documented within protocol

9 Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis using CLEA v compounds Benzene, Naphthalene, Vinyl Chloride, Carbon Disulphide 4 parameters Soil Type, Building Type, Source Depth, SOM Model is sensitive to these parameters BUT absolute affects on GAC values quite limited Soil Type most significant parameter Should GAC be in sand OR sandy loam soil?

10 Cross-Check Reality check using USEPA Johnson and Ettinger spreadsheet for comparable conceptual model for indoor vapour inhalation from sub-surface water only Establish whether GAC are a conservative tool for preliminary assessment, as intended Establish impact of excluding capillary fringe Preliminary results suggest CLEA model adaptation is conservative compared with J&E Some further validation work underway

11 Residential with Homegrown Produce Preliminary GAC Sneak Preview Residential without Home-grown Produce Commercial SAND µg/l µg/l µg/l Benzene ,000 Naphthalene ,000* Vinyl Chloride SANDY LOAM µg/l µg/l µg/l Benzene ,700 Naphthalene ,000* Vinyl Chloride * Calculated GAC > aqueous solubility, GAC = solubility limit

12 Summary Gap identified in UK risk assessment protocols to assess human health risks from groundwater vapours SoBRA Groundwater Vapour Sub-Group has developed and tested a GAC-derivation methodology using CLEA v1.06 Project to develop GAC, perform sensitivity analysis and reality check is currently underway Intention publish GAC and accompanying guidance through SoBRA in early 2014

13 Acknowledgements Dr. Naomi Earl (Freelance Consultant) Oliver Baldock (Ashfield Solutions) Andrew Fellows (Atkins) Eleanor Walker (Worley Parsons) Jon Parry (SLR) Chris Dainton (Peak Environmental) Mike Chendorain (Arup) Simon Firth (Firth Consultants) Hannah White (Atkins) Jemma Prydderch (SKM) Rachel Dewhurst (MWH Global) Paul Quimby (LK Consult) Simon Clennell-Jones (WSP)

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