Provision of Excellent Water and High-Quality Service
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1 Provision of Excellent Water and High-Quality Service Business Outline 2016
2 Tokyo Waterworks supports the capital of Tokyo Tokyo, the Japanese capital, is the largest city in Japan with a population of about million, which is about 10% of the country s entire population (as of October 1, 2015). Tokyo is the center of politics and business and with its concentration of national political functions and major companies. Also, it is an internationally important city with an abundance of information from internal or external sources. Tokyo Waterworks provides detailed and efficient water supply control and management to ensure a stable supply of water and has a total facility capacity of 6.86 million m 3 per day to support the residents of Tokyo and all urban functions. Population served: 13,172,845(as of October 1, 2015) Annual total distributed amount: 1,530, (as of FY 2015) Water Supply Operation Center In order to accurately grasp the operation status of the massive and complicated water supply systems in Tokyo, which are made up of intake facilities, purification plants, water supply stations, transmission/distribution pipings, etc., Water Supply Operation Center performs full-time monitoring 24 hours per day by collecting and processing various data on the status from the water resources through distribution pipes, using the water supply control and management system consisting of multiple large-scale computers, communication equipment and others. Purification Plants of Tokyo Waterworks Water Supply Operation Center 1
3 Tokyo water, the highest quality Japan is one of the few countries where tap water is drinkable directly from the faucet. Tokyo Waterworks strives for the world s highest level of potability and taste through a variety of different efforts. Water quality target for delicious water Tokyo Waterworks has established a unique water quality target for delicious water, which is stricter than national water quality standards and aims for the improvement of customer security and reliability. Tokyo High Quality Management Program (the Tokyo version of the Water Safety Plan) The Tokyo High Quality Management Program (the Tokyo version of the Water Safety Plan) is a comprehensive water quality management program that integrally controls and manages (1) the Water Safety Plan from water resources to faucets as a new water quality risk management method, (2) the ISO 9001 certified quality management method used at purification plants and (3) ISO/IEC 17025, in order to assure the reliability of water examinations. Through sound management and improvement of this program based on the latest knowledge and research study, we will realize higher levels of safety and palatability and will make efforts to further improve the reliability of tap water. Thorough water quality management We provide detailed water quality management, from water resources to faucets, to supply potable delicious water. Regular survey of water quality at water resources Water examination at purification plants for appropriate water treatment Continuous monitoring using automatic water quality meters and regular detailed examinations at 131 water taps in Tokyo Basic data of Tokyo Waterworks 2
4 Management of water conservation forest Tokyo Waterworks has been managing a forest of about 23,000 ha in the upper basin of the Tamagawa River for more than 110 years in order to assure a stable river flow rate in the Tamagawa River water resource area and to conserve the Ogouchi Reservoir (Lake Okutama), which is Tokyo s own water resource. We have developed new management plans for the water conservation forest for waterworks roughly every 10 years and have managed the forest according to these plans. Details of our efforts Maintenance management of water conservation forests Prevention of and recovery from mountain disasters Improvements in forest management infrastructure Restoration of private forests Communications with communities through water resources Contribution to environmental conservation The history of water treatment methods in Tokyo Tokyo Waterworks takes raw water from various resources such as surface water from reservoirs and rivers, underground flows and groundwater and applies the water treatment appropriate to the quality of the water. Facility capacity ( 10,000m 3 per day) Water treatment method Disinfection only Slow sand filtration method Rapid sand filtration method Advanced water treatment method Membrane filtration method Characteristics River surface water and ground water distributed with chlorination only. Raw water is filtrated at a slow speed of several meters per day. Microbes develop on the surfaces of the filtration sand and suspended organic substances are removed by the action of the microbes. After coagulation and sedimentation of impurities in water using chemicals, the water is filtrated at a speed of meters per day through filtration sand. Ozone treatment and biological activated carbon treatment are added to a rapid sand filtration method. Impurities are separated by passing the raw water through microscopic holes. Start of water treatment Prevention of infectious diseases Although river surface water and groundwater were directly used for drinking by the first half of the Meiji era (1868~1912), water treatment started in the 1890s due to the spread of waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery. Improvement in operating efficiency/space savings Slow sand filtration method Membrane filtration method This method is employed when clean water is used as the raw water or for a small purification plant in a mountainous area. Advanced water treatment method Progress of river pollution Since unpleasant tastes, odors and toxic organic substances could not be completely removed as river pollution progressed during the high economic growth period, an advanced water treatment method was introduced. Rapid sand filtration method Expansion of the city With the increase in demand for tap water due to the development of Tokyo, the acquisition of the large amounts of land required for a slow sand filter became difficult. Therefore, the rapid sand filtration method was adopted, which requires less land than the slow sand filtration method year 3
5 State-of-the-art water treatment technologies Advanced water treatment Advanced water treatment processes, which combine ozonation and biological activated water carbon adsorption treatment with the rapid sand filtration method are in the process of being introduced. Since the first introduction of advanced water treatment to the Kanamachi Water Purification Plant in 1992, the Bureau has steadily promoted its development at other plants located along the Tonegawa River System. The development work at these plants was completed in 2014; currently all the water taken from the Tonegawa River System is treated through the advanced water treatment system. Figure : Advanced Water Treatment Facility System Membrane filtration treatment When water passes through a membrane with ultramicroscopic holes, the suspended substances and microbes, such as cryptosporidium in the raw water, can be removed. While Tokyo Waterworks introduced the largest membrane filtration facilities in the country at the Kinuta purification plant and the Kinutashimo purification plant as of FY2007, the eight small-scale purification plants in the Tama area also employ the same membrane filtration facilities. 4
6 Leakage Prevention Measures Although the leakage rate in Tokyo was more than 20% fifty years ago, it has improved to 3.2% in FY The total length of the distribution pipes in Tokyo is now 26,915 km, but the leakage rate is one of the lowest in the world. Additionally, the reduction in the leakage volume also contributes to a reduction in environmental burden through a reduction in the volume of carbon dioxide emissions. Planned replacement of water pipes and improvement of pipe materials Leakage prevention measures in Tokyo Ensuring a high Leakage detection standard of and early repair leakage prevention works technologies Leakage prevention measures in Tokyo Planned replacement of water pipes and improvement of pipe materials Leakage detection and early repair works Ensuring a high standard of leakage prevention technologies This level of reduction in the leakage rate is the result of active implementation of leakage prevention measures. Tokyo Waterworks repairs surface leaks on the same day they are found as a general rule and executes scheduled leakage volume measurements and patrol inspections for underground leaks. As for the replacement of aged distribution pipes with ductile iron pipes, we have completed 99% of the total planned replacement. In addition, we have accomplished material improvement work to replace lead service pipes with stainless steel pipes, with all being completed. In addition to our successive activities over many years, we have been improving the efficiency of our work through the development and improvement of leakage detection related equipment, such as electronic leak detectors, minimal flow measurement equipment, correlative leak detectors and time integration leak detectors. 5
7 Earthquake Disaster Measures Reinforcement of earthquake-resistance of waterworks system Japan is one of the world leading countries having frequent earthquakes. In Tokyo, the seismic intensity of upper 5 was recorded due to the Great East Japan Earthquake in March In addition, the imminence of a so-called epicentral earthquake has been pointed out. According to the projection by the Tokyo Government Disaster Prevention Council, such epicentral earthquake once occurred may bring about seismic intensity of 7 at maximum in some area and average seismic intensity of upper 6 may be recorded in a large number of areas. Since the Tokyo Waterworks takes a role to support the lives of 13 million of Tokyo citizens, urban activities and central functions of the capital, the Bureau recognizes the earthquake disaster countermeasures to be one of the highest priority agendas, and aims at establishment of earthquake-resistant system of water supply suitable for the capital city, Tokyo, by promoting the reinforcement of earthquake-resistance of waterworks facilities and the enhancement of their backup functions. [Major measures] -Reinforcement of earthquake-resistance of waterworks facilities- Reinforcement of earthquake -resistance of purification plants Reinforcement of earthquake -resistance of water supply (distribution) stations Establishment of independent electricity (reinforcement of non-utility power generation facilities) -Enhancement of backup functions- Duplexing of water conveyance facilities Duplexing and reinforcement of water transmission networks Figure: Proposed site for installation of water distribution/transmission pipes (image) Figure :Pipe jointing by earthquake-resistant joints in water supply pipes connected to major facilities (An example of a water pipe replaced by earthquake-resistant joints)(image) Securement of drinking water In case of water suspention or other accidents which may occur in an earthquake disaster, emergent water supply is undertaken by setting up Emergency Water Supply Station. (a)emergency Water Supply Station (Water supply station/point) (b)emergency Water Supply Station (Vehicle transportation (c)emergency Water Supply Station (Fire hydrant, etc.) 6
8 International Cooperation Human resources development We deliver/share our advanced technologies and know-how in cooperation with various agencies at the request of overseas water utilities to contribute to the development of personnel. We conduct leakage prevention exercises, give lectures on water quality management, customer service techniques, etc. and carry out observation study of facilities including purification plants. Accepted about 2,000 trainees (FY 2011 FY 2015) We dispatch our staff members who are endowed with professional knowledge and technology to meet needs of the recipient countries through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and other international organizations. Project development We improve waterworks conditions in cities in other countries with our technological skills in cooperation with private businesses through utilization of Official Development Assistance (ODA). Technical assistance projects: We engage in technical assistance projects for expert development for water utilities in development countries. Infrastructure development business: We engage in overseas businesses in non-revenue water management and other sectors in cooperation with private enterprises. Information dissemination To heighten the presence of Tokyo, we broadly deliver/share information at home and abroad concerning our technology, know-how, and advanced approaches. International conference related activities: We aggressively participate in international conferences held at home and overseas, and broadly deliver/share information on our technology and know-how to the world through paper presentations and exhibitions. The 11th IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition will convene in September, 2018 in Tokyo IWA World Water Congress and Exhibiton is an international conference where experts from various countries share knowledge concerning water supply/sewerage systems and water environment. The conference will be held for the first time in Japan. Knowledge sharing and others: Our website is available to introduce activities taken up by Tokyo Waterworks for people working for overseas water utilities. For more details of Tokyo Waterworks efforts, updates and application for trainings related to international activities please go to the URL below. Edited and Published in Oct.2016 ( -213) Bureau of Waterworks Tokyo Metropolitan Government Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, Japan
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