ART ECO, CHONGMING ISLAND, CHINA MONIKA THADHANI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

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1 ART ECO, CHONGMING ISLAND, CHINA BY MONIKA THADHANI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture in the Graduate College of the Illinois Institute of Technology Approved Adviser Chicago, Illinois May 2011

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to dedicate this work to my Mother - the smallest person with the biggest heart. A wonderful individual who is modest yet strong, the wisest person I know, without whom I would never be here. Thanks to my dearest husband and my daughters for their patience and understanding while I was entirely occupied with this project. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my thesis adviser Professor George Schipporeit who has supported me throughout my thesis with his immense knowledge, encouragement, extensive imagination and patience. His advice and creativity were essential factor in the development of the project. It was an honor to work with such a person. A special acknowledgement to Professor Timothy Brown, full of inspiration, supporting me from the beginning of my study at Illinois Institute of Technology, whose sincerity and encouragement I will never forget. This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals: Kate Fitzgibbon and Professor Eva Kulterman who contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. Last, but not least, I want to express my appreciation to my brother Daniel, his wife Roza, my friends Ola, Eliza, Natalia, Aarzoo, Beatriz, Chiara and Liu, who made my studies enjoyable. iii

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... iii LIST OF TABLES... vi LIST OF FIGURES... vii ABSTRACT... ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Sustainable Programming Culture of Sustainability Mission Education Social Responsibility SITE DESCRIPTION Chongming Island Location HISTORY AND TRADITION Chongming Island History and Tradition UNDERSTANDING CHINESE ART Chinese Art History BAMBOO CONCEPT AND ITS RELATION TO PROJECT Bamboo General Information Bamboo in Asian Painting Bamboo as a Symbolic Inspiration for Museum Principles of Bamboo Painting Composition iv

5 6. ART ECO PROGRAM Museum Function Museum Intention Museum Design Museum Programming Museum Volume Museum Estimated Numbers of Visitors Museum Personal Space Study WEATHER DATA AND CLIMATE Climate Some Facts about Climate Seasons Chongming Island Climate CHONGMING ISLAND AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY Chongming Island and its Sustainable Features Pearl Lake City and its Sustainable Concept ART ECO MUSEUM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS General Study on Building Performance Weather and Climate Analysis and its Impact to Project Energy Performance Modeling as a Design Baseline ART ECO AND ITS SUSTAINABLE FEATURES Art ECO Museum Challenges in Reducing Energy Usage Technologies and Strategies for Sustainable Building Design Sustainable Program SUSTAINABLE SITE Excavated Soil Reclamation Reduction of Heat Island Effect Waste Water Treatment Plant Solar Panel Shades and Canopies Solar Power for Bus, Train, Bicycle Stop and Lighting Solar Powered Park Lighting Wind Park Rain Water Harvesting v

6 APPENDIX 12. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN Sustainable Walls Windows Photovoltaic's Recycle Contents Mechanical System Control Light Control System Water Conservation Monitoring Energy Performance LIGHT STUDY FOR MUSEUM Introduction Daylight Artificial Light General Lighting Case Light Additional Lighting Consideration and Lighting Control Exhibit Lighting Lighting Color and Types Museum Lighting Conclusion CONCLUSION A. ART ECO MUSEUM DRAWINGS B. ART ECO MUSEUM IMAGES BIBLIOGRAPHY vi

7 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. List of Chinese Dynasties Museum Daily Schedule Performance Parameters for UGE-4K 2nd Generation VAWT Noise level at 3 meter Distance for UGE-4K 2nd Generation VAWT Performance Parameters for Helix Wind S Performance Parameters for 250 kw Energy Solution Wind Turbine Water Contamination after Rain Fall vii

8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. World Map and Chomgming Island Location Chongming Island Surrounded by Yangtze River and East Sea Distance from the Site to Shanghai Diagram Chongming Island Images Examples of Chinese Art Bamboo Images Bamboo in Asian Painting Bamboo Images Diagram of Stem Composition Diagram of Various Heights of the Stems Image Representing Even Tone of the Stem Diagram of Knots Fastening the Stem Landscape Branches Reflecting Walkways Landscape Trees Reflecting Leaves Diagram of Cooperative Influence of Behaviors Museum Program Diagram Museum Open Hours Diagram Museum Program Diagram Hours of Museum Operation Calculations Museum and Site Area Diagram Museum Area Diagram viii

9 Figure Page 22. Museum Program Diagram Museum Program Diagram of South Wing Museum Program Diagram of North Wing Examples of Art Eco Museum Exhibition Diagram of Chinese Art and History Exposition (ancient-1950 s) Diagram of Contemporary Chinese Art Exhibition Images Example of International Art Diagram of International Art and History Exhibition Numbers of Museum s Visitors vs. Population for U. S. Cities Number of Museum s Visitors vs. Population for European Cities Estimated Number of Visitors for Art Eco Museum Diagram of Personal Spaces not Affecting and Affecting Each Other Human Space Diagram Diagram of Average Adult Height Images of Human Height and it s Relation to Museum Space Museum Walking Diagram Representing 1300 Visitors per 1 Hour Visit Walking Speed and Distance Calculation Diagram Walking Paths Diagram Exit Plan Diagram World Climate Zones Weather Data for Chongming Island Shadow Analysis from January to August 9am-5pm Shadow Analysis from September to December 9am-5pm ix

10 Figure Page 45. Sun Path Diagram, January Sun Path Diagram, April Sun Path Diagram, July Sun Path Diagram, October Shadow Analysis at the Main Museum Entrance Energy Consumption for Art Eco Building Energy Consumption for Art Eco Building Energy Demand for Art Eco Building Energy Demand for Art Eco Building Electric Consumption for Art Eco Building Annual Electric Consumption for Art Eco Building Electric Use for Art Eco Building Ecological Entertainment Area Images Ecological Recycling Center Images Ecological Science Garden Images Butterfly Garden Images Flower Garden Images Urban Heat Island Effect Diagram Application of Heat Reflective Materials on the Surfaces Waste Water Treatment Plant Components Waste Water Treatment Plant Diagram Solar Shades in Ecology Park x

11 Figure Page 67. Veil Solar Shade by Australian Designer Buro North Veil Solar Shade Features Base of Solar Shades in Ecology Park LED Displays Energy Performance Image Dynamic Shade Features Image Dynamic Solar Shades in Ecology Park Solar Power Bus Stop Solar Power Lighting Dual Axis technology wind Turbine by UGE Power Output Diagram for UGE-4K Annual Average Wind Speed vs. Potential Output for UGE-4K Wind Speed Data for Chongming Island Helix Wind Turbine S 594 Images and Diagram Helix Wind Turbine S Dual Axis and Helix Wind Turbines in Ecology Park Annual Wind Speed vs. Potential Output for Helix Wind S kw Green Energy Solution Wind Turbine Performance Based on Wind Speed for 250 kw Wind Turbine Power Curve Data for 250 kw Green Energy Solution Wind Turbine Simple Energy Micro Wind Turbine Designed by Paul Mcluckie Example of Vertical Wind Turbines Used in Wind Park Water Harvesting Images xi

12 Figure Page 89. Rain Water Harvesting Site Diagram Rain Fall Data for Chongming Island Average Monthly Rainfall for Chongming Island Modular Concrete Walls Forms Dimensions Image of transparent Glass with Integrated Solar Module by ASI Glass Glass Laminated and Double-Glazed units Incorporating ASI Solar Glass Images of Recycle Materials xii

13 ABSTRACT Architecture has always been the result of the delicate balance between art and science & form and function. This thesis project simply embraces this belief by creating a museum and its distinctive form collectively with its sustainable design and environmentally conscious program and operation. Art Eco Museum is an element of prospective sustainable city development on Chongming Island in China. The Museum site is located near Shanghai metropolitan area at the Yangtze River outlet by the East Sea. The Island is an escape from the urban dynamic lifestyle of one of the world's most populated city - Shanghai. Chongming Island is a sanctuary that has 1200 square kilometers of undeveloped land with wildlife, wetlands, agriculture and forest preserves. The Art Eco Museum and its site, designed with a consideration of existing environment and Asian culture, becomes an innovative local and global approach and a model for future energy efficient projects while showcasing Chinese and international art. The museum program creates a culture of sustainability, employing all potential sustainable features to minimize energy use and utilize natural resources in its design and operation. The proposed project is not only a sustainable solution for the museum design but is also an example of the architecture which expression emerges from nature in its symbolic implication, form and function. The use of its organic architectural form insinuates the symbolic object of China - bamboo, and its economic and cultural significance. Bamboo, as a symbol of long life in China, became an inspiration for the project design, with its form and meaning. The Art Eco Museum floor plan layout was arranged according to Bamboo Chinese painting composition. xiii

14 Focusing on design that have lead to positive approaches towards a sustainable future, the exhibition at Art Eco Museum takes a step towards making these ideas a reality for consumers and designers in the current ethical and environmental awareness. The idea of sustainability combines the intelligent use of renewable resources with forward-thinking solutions. Most importantly, museum exhibitions place emphasis on the involvement of the consumer, giving them the tools and the knowledge necessary to understand the general concept of sustainability and its application to everyday life. The Art Eco Museum project is an example of aesthetically beautiful art form which serves functional purpose of science to remodel the world and peoples lifestyle to make it more perfect for human habitation. xiv

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