Water Use Efficiency Program

Transcription

1 Use Efficiency Program 4 INTRODUCTION The City of Richland (City) recognizes that water is a valuable and essential natural resource that needs to be used wisely. The Use Efficiency (WUE) Program provided an approach to increase Use Efficiency (WUE) within the City. WATER USE EFFICIENCY RULE In September 2003, the Washington State Legislature passed the Municipal Supply Efficiency Requirements Act, also known as the Municipal Law. The Municipal Law required the State to implement the WUE Program. The intent of this program is to help reduce the demand that growing communities, agriculture and industry have placed on Washington State s water resources and better manage these resources to benefit fish and other wildlife. The WUE Program became effective on January 22, Municipal water suppliers are obligated under the WUE Program to enhance the efficient use of water by the system and/or its consumers. The requirements of the WUE Program are set forth in Chapter WAC, Part 8. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT WUE PROGRAM The WUE Program was set up with the intention of creating a high level of stewardship among all municipal water users. The WUE program that follows includes a statement of its goals and objectives, the evaluation and selection of alternative efficiency measures, the WUE Program schedule and budget, and the method of program monitoring. If the efficiency program is implemented successfully, the benefits enjoyed by the City would include reduction of pumping and water system infrastructure costs and more availability of water for other uses. conservation is of upmost importance, and the City of Richland has made an effort to meet or exceed State requirements wherever possible. CONSERVATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Per WAC , WUE goals must be set through a public process and shall be evaluated and reestablished a minimum of every six years. In December 2007, the City adopted three goals to meet the requirements of the WUE Rule. GOAL 1 DISTRIBUTION LEAKAGE STANDARD Maintain unaccounted for water at 10 percent or less of treated water. Maintain accurate customer meters. Meter all retail customer services. CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-1 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

2 C H A P T E R 4 Maintain accurate water supply meters. Enhance programs to meter and/or accurately estimate non-revenue water uses. Publish an annual water use efficiency report satisfactory for compliance with State regulations. GOAL 2 PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS ON WATER CONSERVATION Assist customers water conservation efforts through publication of water industry guidance and region-specific techniques and data. Maintain a current web-site targeted at water conservation behaviors, techniques, and data. Implement a voluntary large customer water use efficiency audit program to assist large water users. Use various media such as the City s cable television channel, school classroom visits, City Fair, etc. to provide water conservation information to customers. GOAL 3 EVALUATE WATER RATE STRUCTURE During the City s next rate study, evaluate alternative rate structures for their impact on water use efficiency. Later in 2009, the City was directed by the Washington State Department of Health to amend its goals to include a demand side goal. The City adopted the following goal in June of 2009 as follows: GOAL 2 RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION (DEMAND SIDE) Maintain average residential water usage at 534 gallons per day per equivalent residential unit (ERU) through The City also has goals associated with the Quad City requirements. Refer to the RWFCP for these additional regional goals. EVALUATION OF MEASURES FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS Within the City, there are 16,274 total connections and approximately 90 percent are residential. As a result of the number of connections, nine WUE measures must be evaluated or implemented. The City needs to be in compliance with the minimum requirement, and the cost-effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated. Mandatory Measures Leak Detection and Repair In 2007, the City completed a water main replacement program to replace the City s original water distribution system that was installed by the federal government in the 1940s and 1950s. The old system, which was not intended to be in service for more than 10 CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-2 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

3 Use Efficiency Program years, was experiencing a high percentage of water loss. Because of this replacement, the City has experienced a significant decrease in water loss. The City s current leak detection program is responsible for prioritizing main replacement projects. Source Meter Testing and Repair The City meters all sources with the exception of the pump station on the Yakima that serves the Shelterbelt Park. This pump station is currently scheduled to be rebuilt and a meter will be installed as part of the capital improvement. The City has tested and replaced the production meters at the North Richland SSFF as part of the Treatment Plant upgrades in A schedule to test and repair the City s other source meters is being developed with implementation in Large Meter Testing and Repair In 2005, 56 large meters were tested and all met the 95 percent accuracy criteria. Due to this success, meters were not tested in In 2007, the City developed a program for ongoing large meter testing that began implementation in The 1 ½-inch and 2-inch meters will be tested on a 4-year test cycle, while the 3-inch and above meters will be tested on a 2-year cycle. Depending on the age of the large meters, any meters not meeting industry standards will be either replaced or rebuilt and then retested to meet industry standards. Residential Meter Testing, Repair and Replacement The City of Richland began a residential water replacement program in 1998 to replace older residential water meters. The City has replaced all original, disc-type meters installed between 1957 and In 2008, Richland staff began evaluating the meters installed in 1998 and will determine if a new meter replacement program will need to be developed. Current Rate Structure On the surface, the City has a declining block rate structure if calculated based upon the residential rate of $24.60 per month providing a base allotment of $4.92 per 100 cubic feet for the first 500 cubic feet. Excess is charged at a rate of $1.12 per 100 cubic feet. When evaluating what goes into the base rate, it is opined that most of the base rate covers general availability of supply, billing and account administration services, insurance and debt service. The delivery of the first 500 cubic feet is considered to be on par with the excess rate making the rate structure much more similar to a uniform rate. Inclining block rates would be difficult to implement due to the significant number of large water users and industrial users whose economics are based upon inexpensive water and power. If implemented across all customer classes, the consumption rate for small users would actually become a disincentive to conservation as revenue burden would be shifted from smaller users to large corporate and industrial users. Socially, the City is not prepared to make a shift in structure without a detailed study of the potential impacts. The next rate study has been committed to be done by the City in 2011 and will look at inclined block rates in more detail. Reclaimed The City has some opportunities to use reclaimed water due to the proximity of golf courses and parks to the Wastewater Treatment Plant. In evaluating this option, the City compared the cost of treating and re-using secondary waste in this manner to the cost of existing irrigation practices. Because the City has existing irrigation rights from the through a separate non-potable system, using reclaimed water is not cost-effective in comparison. The non-potable systems are in place and have very low relative costs. Infrastructure would have to be designed and constructed to utilize the existing effluent stream, which would be more expensive than simply operating and maintaining the existing non-treated systems. CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-3 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

4 C H A P T E R 4 Use Efficiency Program and Measures Residential Retrofit Measures The City began distributing residential water conservation items such as low flow showerheads and kitchen and bathroom faucet aerators in 1991 at no direct cost to City residents. In 2007 alone, the City distributed over 300 low flow showerheads and over 600 faucet aerators. Industrial/Commercial Retrofit Measures The City also began distributing industrial and commercial water conservation items such as low flow showerheads and kitchen and bathroom faucet aerators in 1991 at no direct cost to City industrial and commercial water users. Audit for Large Users The City developed an audit program for large water users, which will begin auditing City facilities first and then audit commercial and industrial users. This is part of an overall plan for customer leak detection education. Audit for Landscape Uses The City developed an audit program for water users who use City water for landscape irrigation. The City began auditing City facilities first and then audit residential, commercial and industrial users. Bills Consumption History The City provides a graph of water use consumption on all water bills that shows the water use consumption history for one year. Curtailment Plan This element is intended to assist the City with supply management in the event of a loss of source, lack of delivery capacity over a defined period of time, or condition, including an emergency event, extreme weather conditions, or catastrophe, that would limit the City s ability to meet ongoing demand. The City s water curtailment program is codified in Chapter of the Richland Municipal Code. Public and School Outreach Program The City currently provides an environmental education school outreach program free of charge. Programs are available relating to municipal operations and the environment, such as landfill issues, recycling, composting, proper disposal of chemical products, wastewater and storm water awareness, and energy and water conservation. Handouts, brochures, activities and video tapes are also available to enhance the City s teaching program. The Conservation Program helps students learn about water quality and conservation. A hand-held model of groundwater is used and student volunteers add the gravel, sand, dirt, household hazardous waste and rain. Students see what happens when it rains and relate it to the proper disposal of household hazardous waste. The City s Environmental Education Coordinator also teams up with the Benton-Franklin Health Department to provide various activities, including building a water filter and cleaning dirty water, discussions using a table top groundwater model, tap water tour and Olympics. Displays at Fairs and Events The City provides similar outreach programs to the public as are provided to the schools at the County Fair and other community events. Joint Plan with Irrigation Districts to Address Urban Area Irrigation Needs the City relies on the and a network of five groundwater wells to supply drinking water and irrigation water to its customers. In addition, the City also operates two stand alone water systems that deliver irrigation water to customers. Irrigation is also provided to City customers by CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-4 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

5 Use Efficiency Program Kennewick Irrigation District, Badger Mountain Irrigation District and Irrigation District. Lastly, a small percentage of acres within the City s UGA are supplied by private irrigation systems (HDR/EES 2006). The City has developed a joint plan with the irrigation districts whose service areas overlap theirs to address landscape irrigation supply and response during water shortage periods. Xeriscaping The City has started to landscape many of their facilities with native plants and vegetation that requires little or no supplemental irrigation from the City systems. Incentives and Other Measures Many additional conservation measures have been proven equally effective at reducing water waste and encouraging the wise use of water. For example, the City of Richland has completed approximately two-thirds of the installation of a $120,000 centralized irrigation computer system that communicates via radio signal. Features of the system include: o Automatic shut down of lateral lines that surpass programmed expected flows; o Automatic shut down of a complete system if programmed flows are surpassed; o Alarm reporting of unexpected flows and electrical malfunctions; o Program control via phone lines from any location with a laptop and modem; o Automatic program adjustment of run times and system shutdown depending on weather conditions, with installation of a weather station and rain sensors; o Recording of system performance due to the installation of flow meters at the point of connection; and o The ability to program and operate field controllers from a hand-held radio on-site. Projected Savings Implementation of these water saving measures in combination with a major line replacement effort has reduced the annual DSL to under 10 percent calculations were: DSL = [(TP AC)/(TP)] x % = [(7, , )/7, ] x 100 The City has already achieved commendable water savings through the implementation of these measures over the years, and while each measure has not been tracked as to cost or savings, the cumulative impact has been huge. These efforts have significantly reduced the amount of water used by the City, which will lead to a longer life for the distribution system and a smaller impact on the environment as less water is pumped from the. Public Education One of the easiest ways to promote WUE and decrease water use within a water system is to increase awareness among all water users. The City wrote a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Benton-Franklin Health District, who conducts water quality education within CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-5 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

6 C H A P T E R 4 Benton and Franklin Counties. This MOU is essential for the implementation of the water conservation public education and outreach program. The City administered the MOU, the term of which is five years. The importance of conservation will be promoted annually through the regional water conservation media campaign. Examples of easy ways to conserve will also be included in the media campaign. Implementation of the media campaign will be during irrigation season since the focus is on water wise irrigation. The types of media include TV, radio, web and print, in the form of a website, brochure and school outreach. Also, customer water bills will display water consumption history when applicable. Additionally, the City has an environmental education program free of charge where students learn about water quality and conservation. There are various activities such as building a water filter and cleaning dirty water. WATER USE EFFICIENCY PROGRAM EVALUATION One means of evaluating of the program s effectiveness is through a regional water balance, which measure net consumption use. This net consumption use is the volume of water that is not returned to the supply sources. The value of the net consumption use is found from the difference in production volumes and return flow volumes. Comparing the total area consumption would not be practical whereas many factors, such as population and economic growth, as well as the mix of irrigation system providers vary significantly throughout the service area. Therefore, success will be measured by the reduction of demands from the residential class to a target level. In the past, efforts to determine the effectiveness of this program have been successful. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LEAKAGE AND CONTROL PLAN The City s original water distribution system installed by the federal government in the 1940 s and 1950 s included approximately 82 miles of thin-walled spiraled-welded steel pipe that was intended to be in service no longer that ten years. Faced with a high percentage of water loss, in 1995, the Richland City Council approved the Main Replacement Program and allocated a $1.5 million annual budget for water main replacement. This budget increase allowed an average of 2.1 miles of water main to be replaced each year from 1995 through Even with this increase, it was projected that it would take until 2018 to completely replace the remaining steel water pipe, 11 years beyond the optimum replacement timeline. A more aggressive strategy was developed in 1999 to bring the date of total replacement closer to In 1999, the City applied for and obtained a 1% Washington State Public Works Trust Fund (PWTF) loan for $7 million to accelerate the replacement program. In 2007 the water main replacement program was complete at a cost of $27,060,542 to replace 76.6 miles of pipe. Since the program began there has been a dramatic reduction in main leak repairs from a high of 171 main leak repairs in 1996 to only 5 main leak repairs in SOURCE OF SUPPLY ANALYSIS The City depends on the and five ground wells or well fields to supply drinking water to its customers. The City also has stand alone water systems that supply water for irrigation, industrial uses and other governmental proprietary purposes to its customers without treatment. Irrigation customers can also receive their irrigation water from Kennewick Irrigation District, Badger Mountain Irrigation District or Irrigation District, and a small percent are CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-6 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

7 Use Efficiency Program supplied by private irrigation systems. The City also wheels water through its treated water system to the City of West Richland as West Richland s means to access its portion of the Quad City water. Additional information is provided in the supplementary report 2008 Regional Forecast and Conservation Plan. WATER RIGHTS A water right is a legal authorization to use a specified amount of public water for specific beneficial purposes. The water right amount is expressed in terms of instantaneous withdrawal rate and annual withdrawal volume. Washington State law requires users of public water to receive approval from the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) prior to the actual use of the water. This approval is granted in the form of a water right permit or certificate. The process for obtaining a water right involves obtaining a water right permit first and then a water right certificate. A water right permit provides permission to develop a water right by constructing, developing and testing the water source. A water right permit remains in effect until a water right certificate is issued (if all terms of the permit are met) or the permit has been canceled. A water right certificate is issued by Ecology following a review process and determination that the amount of water put to beneficial use is consistent with the amount and conditions indicated on the water right permit. A water right permit is issued by Ecology only if the proposed use meets the following requirements. will be put to beneficial use. There is no impairment to existing or senior rights. is available for appropriation. Issuance of the requested water right will not be detrimental to the public s interest. The water right decision process is increasingly becoming more complex and time consuming due to the many competing interests for water, environmental issues and regulatory requirements. Existing Rights The water rights of the City s water system are shown in Table 4-2. The instantaneous water right is the amount of water that may be withdrawn from the ground or the at any given time and is shown in units of gallons per minute (gpm) or cubic feet per second (cfs) and totalized in cfs. The annual water right is the amount of water that may be withdrawn from the ground in a given year and is shown in units of acre-feet (af). The Rights Self Evaluation Form can also be found in Appendix I. WATER SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS The City of Richland s Systems receive water from 15 groundwater wells, two of which are well fields. The City also receives water from the in four different locations. The CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-7 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

8 C H A P T E R 4 15 wells and multiple pump stations on the combine for a total production capacity of cfs. storage is provided in a combination of reservoirs that have a total capacity of 25,140,000 gallons. Potable Supplies The six potable supply wells or well fields, the two surface water supplies and treatment are described in detail in Chapter 3. Seven of the potable water rights are non-additive with respect to their annual quantities. Total annual quantities of these water rights are limited to 33,128 acre-feet. Six additional water right certificates, permits and a claim are additive rights for a total additional annual quantity of 9,806.6 acre-feet. Other Non-Potable Municipal Supplies Nine additional wells and one surface water supply provide other governmental proprietary supplies to the City, primarily for irrigation and industrial purposes. Wells that have historically been used for potable supplies ( Point Marina Park, ORV No. 1, Richland landfill and Duke well field) are included in these supplies due to water quality issues or other operational considerations. While many of these supplies could be used in an emergency by blending the supplies with other potable sources, the City is in a position operationally where it does not need to do this. The City has an operational policy to use each surface and groundwater source at least periodically within each five-year period. The groundwater and surface water sources are listed as follows. Surface Shelterbelt Intake Point and Marina Park Horn Rapids Point Marina Park Richland Landfill Leslie Groves Park Playfield Nos. 1 and 2 Duke Well field ORV Nos. 1 and 2 Horn Rapids Triangle CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-8 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

9 Use Efficiency Program APPROVED WATER RIGHT CHANGES Since the previous comprehensive plan was adopted in 2002, Ecology has approved changes to several of the City s water rights. These changes are identified below. CS4-SWC9005@1 This is a water right for the City s source and it consists of two points of withdrawal (Nos. 1 and 2). This change was approved in At points 1 and 2, the maximum instantaneous quantity (Qi) is 24,350 gpm (54.25 cfs). CG C This is a water right for the City s Duke Well Field. It authorizes the withdrawal of 1,400 gpm and 1,228 acre-feet per year of water. The change removed U.S. Department of Energy wells (in the 400 area) that were not being used and added existing wells in the Horn Rapids area and SMART park to the water right. When approved in 2006, Ecology modified the decision of the Benton County Conservancy Board and included references to a table in the City s draft 2002 System Plan. This table identified existing surface and groundwater right claims, permits and/or certificates, as well as pending new water right applications. This information is updated in Table 4-2. CG C This is a water right for the City s Wellsian Way Well Field. This water right authorizes the withdrawal of 2,125 gpm and 3,422 acre-feet per year from three wells in the E ½ E ½ of Section 15, T. 09 N., R. 28., E.W.M. In 1994, the City requested approval to add a point of withdrawal located within the SE ¼, SE ¼ of Section 10, T. 9 N., R. 28 E. W. M. This change was prompted by contamination in the groundwater supply at the original location and a temporary approval was issued by Ecology that remains in effect until a final decision is made. G P This application was pending in the 2002 plan but was issued by Ecology for 1,100 gpm and 520 acre-feet per year for commercial, industrial and irrigation use on 130 acres from two wells. This source does not supply potable water for domestic use. OTHER PENDING CHANGE APPLICATIONS The City has submitted application for other changes in water rights to reflect development trends and long-term needs. CS This application is to change the season of use for industrial and irrigation to yearround use at the Horn Rapids Pump Station. CG This application is to change the Harrison well from seasonal irrigation to yearround municipal supply. Pending the outcome of Lummi Indian Nation et al v. State of Washington, the City intends to make additional change applications over time to convert or conform these water rights to municipal supplies in the next six-year planning period. CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-9 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

10 C H A P T E R 4 OTHER PENDING WATER RIGHT APPLICATIONS The City has had three water rights pending in Richland south of the Yakima. In a coordinated effort with Ecology, the City made a fourth application to clarify the intent of the three applications submitted in The City has identified five potential sites in that vicinity that could be develop up to 1,500 gpm with a minimum annual volume of 2,172 af. The intent is to establish the location(s) best suited from both a hydrogeologic and source protection perspective. The City believes that developing another reliable source in this area is important because of an increasing vulnerability of an exposed Yakima main transmission pipeline crossing, the ongoing tritium contaminant risk of the North Richland Treatment Facility, and the transition of the nitrates contaminating the Duke Well Field facility so it is only suitable for non-potable uses. These factors have begun to erode the security of the potable water supplies to all City residents and particularly those south of the Yakima. The City believes that development of additional supplies south of the Yakima can partially mitigate those losses in source security, provide long-term potable water source reliability, and help preserve the public health and safety of the City s water customers. Ecology has indicated that the new fourth application can be processed under the provisions of Chapter WAC given the potential threat to public health and safety. When this application is processed, the City will withdraw the three applications made in The four applications are as follows: 1. G A; 2. G A; 3. G A; and 4. G A. INTERTIES system interties are physical connections between two adjacent water systems. A closed isolation valve or control valve is part of the intertie that normally provides the separation of the two water systems. Emergency supply interties provide water from one system to another during emergency situations only. An emergency situation may occur when a water system loses its main source of supply or transmission main and is unable to provide a sufficient quantity of water for drinking or fire flow purposes. Normal supply interties provide water from one system to another during non-emergency situations and are typically supplying water at all times. The City s existing interties are used only for emergency water supply and do not supply water on a regular basis. All interties comply with the RCW and are metered. The City has emergency ties with the City of Kennewick (2), Tri-Cities Estates, and the Kennewick Irrigation District. Only the City of Kennewick could provide water to Richland in the event of an emergency. The City also has two supply interties with the City of West Richland with which the City provides the City of West Richland with water for their Quad Cities rights. The location and meter descriptions of the interties are listed in Table 4-1. CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-10 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

11 Use Efficiency Program Table 4-1 Interties Location System Description Tapteal & Center Blvd Kennewick 8" Badger Turbo meter Steptoe & Gage Kennewick 6" Rockwell meter with 8" bypass Ogden & Hazelwood Ave Tri City Estates Rockwell meter Keen & Kennedy West Richland 6" Badger meter Lorayna Blvd & Lesa Marie Ln KID 6" Specialty meter WATER RIGHTS Permit Certificate or Claim # Permits/ Certificates Name of Rightholder or Claimant Table 4-2 Existing Right(s) Status Priority Date 1 CS4-9005@1 City of Richland 1/30/ G C City of Richland 8/21/ S C City of Richland 9/20/ S C City of Richland 6/24/ G C City of Richland 8/8/ G C City of Richland 8/8/ G C City of Richland 8/8/1984 Permits/ Certificates Source Number Primary or Supplemental Maximum Instantaneous Flow Rate (Qi) Maximum Annual Volume (Qa) Primary CFS 32,430 AF Supplemental 1,000 GPM 1,606 AF Supplemental 17 CFS 12,257 AF Supplemental 6 CFS 4,336 AF Supplemental 1,400 GPM 1,228 AF Supplemental 2,125 GPM 3,422 AF Supplemental 556 GPM 890 AF Subtotal: Potable Non-Additive CFS 33,128 AF 8 S City of Richland 11/18/1960 McNary Pool Primary 6.70 CFS 4,851 AF 9 *S C City of Richland 6/15/ *S C City of Richland 8/11/ G P City of Richland 2/26/ S P Quad Cities 9/23/1991 Surface Primary Claims Primary 0.67 CFS 748 AF Primary 2 CFS 760 AF Primary 100 GPM 37.8 AF 187 CFS/ 2.5 CFS 96,619 AF/ 1,810 AF Subtotal: Potable Additive CFS 8,206.8 AF 1 G /1/1943 TOTAL Existing Rights Primary 1,000 GPM 1,600 AF Subtotal: Potable Claims 2.23 CFS 1,600 AF ********* ****** ****** ********** CFS 42,934.8 AF CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-11 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc

12 C H A P T E R 4 1 G C City of Richland 4/22/ G C City of Richland 4/15/ G C City of Richland 4/15/ G C City of Richland 4/15/ S P City of Richland 6/24/ G P City of Richland 5/7/ G C City of Richland 10/26/ G C City of Richland 3/18/ G P City of Richland 11/30/ G P City of Richland 2/9/1989 Primary 100 GPM 80 AF Primary 180 GPM 54 AF Primary 200 GPM 93 AF Primary 200 GPM 93 AF Interruptible 45 CFS 12,000 AF Primary 910 GPM 364 AF Primary 310 GPM AF Primary 275 GPM 113 AF Primary 250 GPM 36 AF Primary 1,100 GPM 520 AF Total: Other Sources 53 CFS 13,477.4 AF CITY OF RICHLAND COMPREHENSIVE WATER SYSTEM PLAN 4-12 J:\Data\RIC\ \Plan\Report\Final Revisions\Chapter 4.doc