From North Sea to Mediterranean the development of the LNG chain for maritime transport. M. Dogliani RINA

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1 COSTA Action MEPC 66 From North Sea to Mediterranean the development of the LNG chain for maritime transport M. Dogliani RINA

2 LNG for ships at a glance: the issues Low Sulhur: can we afford to wait & see? From North Sea to Med, from COSTA to GAINN

3 LNG at a glance Sulphur cap: where& when 0,5% ,1% ,5% 2020

4 Issues

COSTA TEAM ITALY GREECE SPAIN PORTUGAL Main Beneficiary: ItalianMinistry of Transport - MIT Ocean Finance Almazan Engenieros Instituto Portuario e dos Transportes Maritimos IPTM Coordinator RINA

5 COSTA TEAM ITALY GREECE SPAIN PORTUGAL Main Beneficiary: ItalianMinistry of Transport - MIT Ocean Finance Almazan Engenieros Instituto Portuario e dos Transportes Maritimos IPTM Coordinator RINA FondacionValencia Port Port Authority Madeira Grimaldi Napoli Port Authority Azores Grandi Navi Veloci LiguriaRegional Government Financial experts Operators/Ports Classification Society Administrations Technical Page 5

6 All solved? > 100 LNG fueled ships (operating/on order) GAP HFO-LNG and Free On Board (FOB) spread IMO, DGMOVE/EMSA, ISO, CLASS Preserve excellent safet record; long process Complementary / alternative technologies

7 F.O.B. spread FOB FREE ON BOARD COST MGO Ship opex Cleaning HFO COST GAP FOB Spread Ship Distribution LNG

8 All solved? > 100 LNG fueled ships (operating/on order) GAP HFO-LNG and Free On Board (FOB) spread IMO, DGMOVE/EMSA, ISO, CLASS Preserve excellent safet record; long process A solution for every case but... Complementary / alternative technologies

reloading/truck services Small scale LNG production LNG storage accessible for ships Montoir-de-Bretagne up to 0.

9 Refuelling infrastructures Ship refuelling infrastructures (no green spots in Med) Gasnor 200 Mcm/y Zeebrugge 1000 Mcm/y Skangass 400 Mcm/y Gate 50 Mcm/y Gothenburg 6 Mcm/y Swinoujscie 130 Mcm/y Existing terminals with reloading/truck services Planned terminals with reloading/truck services Small scale LNG production LNG storage accessible for ships Montoir-de-Bretagne up to 0.07 Mcm/y (exp. to 0.36 Mcm/y) Musel 350 Mcm/y FosTonkin (up to 0.07 Mcm/y, exp. to 0.36 Mcm/y) Barcelona 500 Mcm/y Marmara 650 Mcm/y Huelva 500 Mcm/y Cartagena 500 Mcm/y Aliaga 350 Mcm/y

10 Can we afford the wait & see #1? +50% fuel cost + 20% waterborne transport cost shift back from sea to road 4-10% increase congestion Road congestion in 2009 costeditaly 40 B (3% GDP)

11 Can we afford the wait & see #2? WORLDWIDE SHIP TRAFFIC INTENSITY PIT STOP

12 Can we afford the wait & see #3? A13 I13Lackofskilledseafarers Depending on the number of LNG fuelled ships in 2020/2030 the number of seafarers can be ( ) a significant fraction of the more than 1,2 millions seafarers demanded in 2020( ). The likelihood of the issue not to be solved is judged low since it will be demand driven and passage to LNG will occur gradually. The direct impact of not having the necessary workforce trained is high since it directly affects the possibility to safely operate LNG fuelled ships. The possibility to manage the issue is judged high since training programmes can be established in due time before Aspects related to this issue are: training of ashore personnel lack of training infrastructures

13 Can we afford the wait & see #4?

18 From COSTA to GAINN?

refuelling for vehicles and/or LNG fuelled vehicles E

19 Expected: 2018 LNG receiving system LNG storage system LNG refuelling for ship and/or LNG fuelled ships LNG refuelling for vehicles and/or LNG fuelled vehicles E P Engineering studies Engineering & Prototyping studies

20 Expected in 2020 (2014 hypotesis) LNG Bunkering ship ISO-Tank Offshore/Onshore storage Natural Gas Network + Microliquefactor Storage & ancillaries LNG fuelled ship LNG fuelled vehicles Mario LNG Dogliani receving system LNG storage system from North Sea to Mediterranean LNG refuelling for ship and/or LNG fuelled ship LNG refuelling for vehicles and/or LNG fuelled vehicles

21 Partners

22 Stakeholders

23 Cooperations POSEIDON MED Already agreed GREECE CYPRUS CROATIA SLOVENIA PORTUGAL FRANCE SPAIN Others...

24 Mario Dogliani Authorised representative of MIT for LNG related Projects

Scenario Analysis for the Use of LNG as Marine Fuel in the Western Mediterranean. The Case of the GAINN Key Pilot Projects

Scenario Analysis for the Use of LNG as Marine Fuel in the Western Mediterranean. The Case of the GAINN Key Pilot Projects Eva Pérez Transport Economics Director Fundación Valenciaport CONTEXT LOW-SULPHUR