Zero-ODP, Low GWP, Non-Flammable Working Fluid for Organic Rankine Cycles: HFO-1336mzz-Z
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1 Reduce: Primary Energy Use Environmental Impact Zero-ODP, Low GWP, Non-lammable Working luid for Organic Rankine Cycles: HO-1336mzz-Z Kostas Kontomaris, Ph.D. DuPont luorochemicals Kobe, Japan November 21 st, 2014 The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology
2 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines
3 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines
4 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines
5 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines
6 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines Diverse Markets: Segments, Capacities, Temps and Expander Technologies Comprehensive Portfolio of luids Needed
7 APPLICATION EXAMPLES T high [ o C] CAP w [kw] , Mobile ICE (HDV; Truck; Ship; Rail) Stationary ICE CHP CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial CHP (ICE; Biomass) Stationary ICE CHP (ICE; Biomass) Industrial Gas Turbines ocus Today: DR-2 for High Temp Apps?
8 Developmental luid: DR-2 Chemical ormula DR-2 HO- 1336mzz(Z) H C 3 CH=CHC 3 (Z) H
9 Developmental luid: DR-2 Chemical ormula DR-2 HO- 1336mzz(Z) AEL [ppm] 500 lammabilty ODP Non-lam None GWP 0 2 T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] 2.90 T b [ o C] 33.4 H C 3 CH=CHC 3 (Z) H
10 Developmental luid: DR-2 Chemical ormula DR-2 HO- 1336mzz(Z) AEL [ppm] 500 lammabilty ODP Non-lam None GWP 0 2 T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] 2.90 T b [ o C] 33.4 H C 3 CH=CHC 3 (Z) Very Low GWP And Non-lammable H
11 Developmental luid: DR-2 Chemical ormula DR-2 HO- 1336mzz(Z) H C 3 CH=CHC 3 (Z) H No Chlorine: -Zero ODP -Dramatically Increased Chemical Stability(*) at High Temps (*) See Paper 2550 in Proceedings of 2014 Purdue Conference
12 0 Pressure (MPa) DR-2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram DR o C Enthalpy (kj/kg)
13 0 Pressure (MPa) DR-2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram DR o C Slope of Isentropic Lines Subcritical Cycles: No superheat required to ensure dry expansion Enthalpy (kj/kg)
14 0 Pressure (MPa) Heat Source Temp>T cr DR o C Expander Inlet: T high =225 C Enthalpy (kj/kg)
15 0 Pressure (MPa) Representative Cycle Conditions DR o C Expander Inlet: T high =225 C Condenser: T cond =75 C 50 Subcooling: DT subc =5 K Enthalpy (kj/kg)
16 0 Pressure (MPa) Representative Cycle Conditions DR o C Expander Inlet: T high =225 C Condenser: T cond =75 C 50 Subcooling: DT subc =5 K Enthalpy (kj/kg) 0.1 h exp =0.75 h pump =0.50
17 0 Pressure (MPa) Optimization of High-Side Pressure DR-2 P high < P cr o C Expander Inlet: T high =225 C Condenser: T cond =75 C 50 Subcooling: DT subc =5 K Enthalpy (kj/kg) 0.1 h exp =0.75 h pump =0.50
18 0 Pressure (MPa) High-Side Pressure: Upper Limit DR-2 P high > P cr o C Expander Inlet: T high =225 C Condenser: T cond =75 C Enthalpy (kj/kg) or P high >~ MPa: Wet Expansion Subcooling: DT subc =5 K 0.1 h exp =0.75 h pump =0.50
19 Net Cycle Power Power [kj/kg] Expander Power Net Power P high [MPa] Net Power Exhibits Maximum
20 Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency Maximization of Thermal Efficiency P high [MPa] Net Cycle Efficiency Exhibits Maximum
21 Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency Maximization of Thermal Efficiency 11 P cr P high [MPa] Maximum Efficiency at P high >P cr -15% Higher Than Subcritical Cycle Efficiency
22 Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency Maximization of Thermal Efficiency 11 P cr P high [MPa] P high [MPa] 4 5 PR
23 Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency Maximization of Thermal Efficiency 11 P cr Transcritical DR-2 ORC with P high =4-5 MPa Optimum? P high [MPa] Additional Considerations: (+) Heat Extraction from Source of Declining Temp (-) Equipment Component Costs?
24 Recuperator Increases DR-2 Energy Efficiency EXEMPLARY SUBCRITICAL CYCLE Subcooling K 0.00 EC expn 0.85 EIC pump 0.65 Superheat K T cond C T evap C T expn_inlet C 2.00 Recuperator No Yes % Cycle Thermal Effic % Heat to Evaporator kj/kg
25 DR-2 vs. HC-245fa Reference luid: HC-245fa HC-245fa DR-2 Chemical ormula C 3 CH 2 CH 2 HO-1336mzz(Z) OEL/AEL [ppm] lammabilty Non-lam Non-lam ASHRAE Std 34 Safety Class B1 A1 (expected) ODP None None GWP ALT [yrs] (22 days) T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] T b [ o C]
26 DR-2 vs. HC-245fa Reference luid: HC-245fa HC-245fa DR-2 Chemical ormula C 3 CH 2 CH 2 HO-1336mzz(Z) OEL/AEL [ppm] lammabilty Non-lam Non-lam ASHRAE Std 34 Safety Class B1 A1 (expected) ODP None None GWP ALT [yrs] (22 days) T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] T b [ o C] T freez [ o C]
27 DR-2 vs. HC-245fa: Cycle Efficiency Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency Basic ORC (No Recuperator) T high C 225 T cond C 75 DT subc K 5 h exp 0.75 h pump P high [MPa] DR-2 HC-245fa
28 DR-2 vs. HC-245fa: Cycle Efficiency Net Cycle Thermal Efficiency % DR-2 HC-245fa P high [MPa] DR-2: 99.8% Lower GWP and 16.5% Higher Efficiency!
29 Summary Efforts to increase energy efficiency and growing awareness of the environmental impacts from the use of fossil fuels will encourage wider adoption of ORCs for power generation from low temp heat DR-2 exhibits remarkable chemical stability at high temperatures despite its unsaturated chemical nature; high stability to stereoisomerization despite thermodynamic driving force for isomerization to trans DR-2 offers a unique combination of properties attractive for ORC applications: Attractive Safety, Health and Environmental Properties High Thermal and Stereo-Isomerization Stability avorable Thermodynamics A transcritical DR-2 ORC may be suitable for high temperature heat sources; a recuperator increases efficiency of DR-2 ORCs
30 Thank you! Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe any patents or patent applications.
DuPont Fluorochemicals. Athens, Greece May 23 rd, 2015
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