Operationalization of Urban Nexus Approaches in City of Nashik, India

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1 Operationalization of Urban Nexus Approaches in City of Nashik, India Emani Kumar Deputy Secretary General, ICLEI Executive Director, ICLEI South Asia

2 Urban Nexus City: Nashik Situated on the Northwest of the state of Maharashtra, India Located on the bank of Godavari River Administrative headquarter of Nashik District and Division 3 rd largest and the 3 rd the most industrialised city in Maharashtra 4 th largest city: population of 1,486,973 (2011) One of the holiest cities of India, hosts Simhashth Kumbh Mela, a mass Hindu pilgrimage, once in 12 years. Famous for its grape production and is known as the Grape city or Wine capital of India.

3 Nexus Approaches in Nashik Objective: To identify and establish mutually beneficial responses from the inter-linkages between sectors (water, energy, food) Donor: GIZ Duration: November, 2013 to July, 2014 Scope of Work: Identifying potential thematic and strategic foci for the respective pilot measure

4 Growth Trajectory & Resource Constraints Non revenue water (NRW) is very high and needs urgent attention!!! High paced urbanization, industrialization and fast deforestation: Less area for cultivation Population projected to cross 3 million in 2026 and 5 million in 2014!!! Groundwater level is decreasing at the rate of 1-3 m in every five years!!! Groundwater pumping for agricultural purposes is very energy intensive!! With the increasing population there is increased demand for drinking water supply!! Area increased by 22 times in 100 years and population by 30 times!!! Considering the agricultural importance of Nashik, it was proposed to bring the fallow/scrub land into urban and peri-urban agriculture practices which will reduce energy and water demand ULTIMATE GOAL OF NASHIK

5 Nexus in Nashik Inter- sectoral linkages: Integration of separately designed and managed systems in Nashik: Water, Agriculture (Food) and Energy Institutional and Multi-level linkages: At least 10 separate departments responsible for water, energy and agriculture in Nashik Pilot Interventions included: Food Water Energy 1. Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation 2. Mapping biogas potential in the pilot area 3. Creating potential groundwater recharging system 4. Promoting agro-education in schools

6 Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation Inefficient irrigation pump sets used with operating efficiency <30% or less Energy consumption is very high on farms: i. Improper selection and installation of pumps, ii. iii. Use of high-friction piping, and Lack of proper maintenance

7 Pilot Activities Include: Semi-structured interview with more than 120 farmers in Makhmalabad Auditing of 8 agricultural pumps in the study area Identify the major causes of low operating efficiency and recommend improvements / better operating practices Study external parameters that could affect the efficiency and their impact on operating efficiency Replacement of inefficient pumps by ISI marked and BEE approved energy efficient pump sets to demonstrate impact!! Training and capacity building of farmers!!

8 Implementations can reduce energy consumption at agricultural farms by about 20% to 30%!!!!

9 Mapping Biogas Potential in the Pilot Area Strategic step to reduce dependence on fossil fuels Few decades back farmers had installed biogas plants under National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), GoI. However, biogas has lost its charm due to urbanization and reduction in livestock Need to look into options to revive usage of biogas technology

10 Survey of Pilot Area to assess: Numbers and locations of functional and non-functional biogas plants Number of individual and community plants Reasons for non-functionality of abandoned biogas plants Number of cattle sheds in the area which can serve as potential source for raw material Only 16% of installed biogas plants are functional presently!! Calculations show that replacing fossil fuels by biogas reduces the CO 2 emission per unit of energy by 90%!!

11 Creating Potential Groundwater Recharge Systems Feasibility study by NMC to construct groundwater recharging system Along with NMC, ICLEI SA is constructing groundwater recharging systems at one of the 4 sites in city Recharging Systems will reduce surface runoff and maintain water table for usage during dry spells!!

12 Promoting Agro tourism/ Agro-education among School Exposure visits for students to agricultural farms to raise awareness towards actual farming practices and importance of organic farming Visit to model farm with variety of plantations, horticulture nursery, demo models of water conservation units etc. First tour was organized on 13 th April, 2014 with 35 school children along with teachers participating Facilitated through KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology

13 FOOD Agricultural Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation Livestock manure management; biofertilizer Reduced energy consumption CLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY Mapping Biogas Potential in the Pilot Area WATER Groundwater Recharging

14 Institutional and Multi-level Linkages Formation of Stakeholder Group Different departments at multi-levels involved: Water Supply and Sewerage; Environment; Town Planning Dept. NMC (City level), Irrigation Department (District and State level), State Agriculture Department (State level), Maharshtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (District level) KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, (Academic) Agriculture Produce Market Committee (District level) Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (Research ) Maharashtra Environmental Engineering Training and Research Academy (City level) Perfect example of institutional and managerial silos!!!

15 Outcomes, Challenges & Lessons Learnt Outcomes Improved inter-departmental coordination Multi-level governance Improved energy efficiency by replacing inefficient pump sets with more efficient, right sized pumps and low-friction valves and piping Promoting the revival of non-functional biogas plants helped in improved resource efficiency Conservation of natural resources through groundwater recharging Awareness raising through students Training and capacity building of local farmers helped in sensitizing them to the utilization of energy efficient pumps Community ownership of the project through a tripartite agreement between the farmers, the NMC and ICLEI South Asia

16 Challenges The major short-comings in bringing institutional and multilevel linkages included: Composition of institutions Limited mandate of existing institutions Decision making process Bureaucratic and political interference Weak enforcement capacity No inter-departmental/institutional communication

17 Lessons Learnt Bringing together multiple levels of governance requires considerable time Limited time and human resources can shape an Urban NEXUS outcome Creating openness to the Urban NEXUS approach is crucial Building trust with communities is a make or break factor Political will and commitment ensure that an Urban NEXUS project will take flight Building awareness is a continuous process

18 Thank You For more information: or

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