Research priorities for large scale heating and industrial processes
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1 Biomass Technology Panel Second Annual Conference of the European Technology Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling 5-6 May 2011, Budapest, Hungary Research priorities for large scale heating and industrial processes Gerold Göttlicher EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Germany Panagiotis Grammelis Centre for Research & Technology Hellas / Institute for Solid Fuels Technology & Applications (CERTH/ISFTA), Greece
2 Presentation Overview Industrial and District Heating Technology status ing and cooling potential Research priorities Conclusions
3 Industrial and District Heating : Characteristics Heat Supply Power: several hundred kw to several hundred MW many few Plant Types: stand-alone heat plant/chp or co-firing with coal Different utilization technologies (combustion, gasification / pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion) CHP and Polygeneration: often heat as primary product by-products (el., others) support heat price industry many few small local grid medium town grid large town grid co-firing Biogas to grid
4 Industrial and District Heating : Qualities : mainly hot water 75 to 120 C seasonal demand, forecasted in correlation with outdoor temperatures more full load hours in northern countries : process steam up to 400 C, hot water 80 C to 220 C annual base load, low seasonal change Rapid extreme load changes (e.g. week-end) Sectors: pulp & paper, wood processing, chemical, diary, Cooling: climatization, cold grids seasonal, summer load e.g. refrigerating storage house (up to several MW base load)
5 Industrial and District Heating : Fuel Variations Wood Pellets Bark Straw Bale Waste Wood Clean Wood Chips Olive Residues Rice Husk Meat and Bone Meals
6 Technology Status: Combustion Mature technologies for electricity/heat production High availability Slagging and corrosion limit steam parameters and efficiency for biomass combustion Grate firing competitive, well established technology suitable for wide range of fuels, especially those prone to agglomeration typical thermal output ~ 60 MWth Fluidized bed combustion medium scale, with some large-scale examples Capable of handling inhomogeneous biomass Primary NOx reduction Pulverized combustion Most mature of combustion technologies for coal Large scale units Difficulties in milling biomass
7 Technology Status: Gasification, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion Gasification + CHP Ability to produce high quality syngas for various purposes (energy production, chemical building block, feed-in to gas grids) Ability to handle variable feedstock few plants and experiences small to medium scale Pyrolysis In R&D phase Production of gas, liquid and solid char Potential of becoming carbon sinks from usage of chars as soil additivies Due to complexity, medium to large scale units Anaerobic Digestion Suitable for wet biomass from various feedstocks Currently small scale, decentralized units with low heat recovery rate Medium to Large scale units required for transport of biogas via biogas piper or for upgrading and injection in the natural gas grid
8 Potential for large scale heat grows also in future large heating grids will have to concentrate for small heating grids growth is expected industrial heat is expected to grow especially in pulp/paper, food 8 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
9 District cooling potential New and less developed sector than district heating Low market share (~2%), about 3 TWh cooling Large growth rate, i.e. Sweden 25% potential share in the coming years 9 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
10 What are the implications for the EU industry? What are the big technological visions of industries for enhanced bioenergy? What are the most promising future technologies for Bio heat and cooling? How does the industry intend to respond to the challenges of sustainable biomass? What are the research priorities for the European biomass industry related to the sustainability concept? How does the industry intend to respond to the challenges of sustainable biomass? How can research assist the industry in delivering these objectives
11 Research Priorities Flexibility (fuel and load) Load flexibility Improve easy load flexibility in boilers e.g. for simplified weekend-shut down/start-up and shortterm flexibility Load flexibility in Biogas: load change in biological gas production combined with short-term biogas storage Enhanced integration of heat/cold storage Fuel flexibility & Availability Optimize DHC systems taking into account fuel flexibility (e.g. improvement of agro fuel systems) Optimize multi-fuel systems for different blends of solid fuels and biomass (corrosion, deposition, burnout, emissions, and particulates). Manage ash rich fuels by e.g. fuel bed temperature control, powerful grate systems Improved understanding of flow properties for solid biofuels, e.g. to avoid obstruction in conveyors or blockage in silos Quick, improved fuel analysis methods Combustion optimization and monitoring for biomass boilers: improvement of availability due to reduced deposit formation and corrosion issues and emission minimisation Process adaptations to produce harmless, valuable residues from combustion and biogas, including nutrient cycles (ash to fertilizer) 11 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
12 Research Priorities High Efficiency Enhanced reliable, conventional technology High efficient steam CHP-plant with enhanced steam parameters (e.g. 600 C steam), cycle optimization, wide load ranges Innovative technology Identify optimal gasification conditions for different biomass fuels, eliminate hot spots for downtimes, demonstrate reliable operation of gasification CHP Efficient Biogas Development of energy-efficient and cost effective technologies for biogas upgrade and efficient/intelligent gas distribution 12 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
13 Research Priorities Sustainable Utilization Emissions Develop APCD for reducing CO, NO x and PM emissions by 50% Minimize uncontrolled dump of solid residues and promote reuse Eliminate odours from biogas units, reduce methane emissions to < 0,5% CO 2 -negative bioenergy systems CO 2 capture and storage/reuse from bio-energy systems Soil improving bio-char carbon sequestration from fraction or residues of biomass ( Terra Preta ) 13 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
14 Research Priorities Integrated concepts and predictive management Predictive management of energy flows and efficiency improvement, efficient planning and decision making of optimal biomass utilization and integration with other energy sources Quick load flexibility to balance fluctuations from wind, solar integration Enhanced concepts for Co-utilization / biorefineries Combining CHP with production of biofuels (DME, Ethanol etc.) Integrating by-product utilization with biomass production and energy systems (separate utilization of valuable ingedients, ) Adoption of high efficient CHP with enhanced new feedstocks (algae, pyrolysis oil, other bio-liquids) 14 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
15 Conclusions Significant growth potential for heating & cooling in the industrial sector and DH systems New biomass feedstocks pose new challenges Research priorities vary depending on technology Flexibility (fuel and load) Efficiency Sustainable Utilization Integrated concepts and predictive management Do we have a real big vision? 15 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
16 Open Questions How can industries imply innovative technologies? Which would be the most promising application of bio-heat in industries in detail by countries? Integration of other renewables sources: is this sufficiently covered by the cross cutting group? How do we consider the competition between energy sources to estimate the contribution of bio heat? What will happen with high temperature process heat (cement, steel, glass)? 16 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
17 Contact Information Dr. Gerold Göttlicher EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Germany Phone: , Dr. Panagiotis Grammelis Centre for Research & Technology Hellas / Institute for Solid Fuels Technology & Applications (CERTH/ISFTA), Greece Tel: , grammelis@certh.gr 17 I Summary - Industrial and DH Heat I RCH Biomass I Göttlicher/Grammelis I April 14, Brussels
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