Energise your Waste! Waste-to-Energy s environmental contribution towards a circular economy. 4 th October 2012

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1 Energise your Waste! Waste-to-Energy s environmental contribution towards a circular economy 4 th October 2012 Guillaume Perron-Piché ESWET Policy Officer RECUWATT, Mataró

2 Introduction ESWET represents Waste-to-Energy suppliers at the EU level ESWET promotes the whole Waste-to-Energy sector towards the EU Institutions and the interested general public Facts about the technology are already known by the sector s professionals. But why should Waste-to-Energy be accepted by the citizen? Why is Waste-to-Energy needed in today s context? This presentation intends to organise facts in link with the current and coming EU legislation. The goal is to set Waste-to- Energy facts in the frame of today s hot topic: Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

3 Overview Waste-to-Energy s environmental contribution towards a circular economy 1. Best solution for waste that is not suitable for recycling 2. Waste-to-Energy plants have disappeared from the Pollution Radar 3. Material recovery for a circular economy 4. Stepping stone for energy efficiency 5. Climate protection catalyst RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

4 1. Waste Waste Hierarchy of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) mentions that waste should preferably be reduced, reused or recycled Today there is a significant part of waste that is unsuitable for recycling (e.g. polluted or too energy- or water-intensive to be recycled) Landfilling should be avoided (Landfill Directive 1999/91/EC) Need a reliable solution to treat waste and recover its energy Grate-firing Waste Incineration is the only proven, efficient and widespread technology Waste-to-Energy is the solution for waste that is not suitable for recycling RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

5 2. Air Emissions Waste-to-Energy sector recognised the issues and has applied the Best Available Techniques for Flue Gas Cleaning to comply with the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) and its follow-up Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EC) Data from: top 10 Industrial sectors NO x emissions, 2010 Waste-to-Energy has disappeared from the Pollution Radar RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

6 3. Material Recovery: Bottom Ash A Resource-Efficient Europe Communication (COM(2011)021) This sets the agenda for ensuring that no resource is wasted In general, clean Bottom Ash is a resource that is re-usable in road construction Using clean Bottom Ash to replace raw materials makes sense from a resource and climate point of view Bottom Ash use is often challenged, but preventing clean Bottom Ash from being used goes against this resource efficiency perspective RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

7 3. Material Recovery: Metals The same initiative mentions specifically the strategic importance of metals and minerals, in particular precious metals and rare earth These elements can be found in Bottom Ash. For instance, tonnes of Bottom Ash in Switzerland have yielded 10 kg of gold. Trend towards improving recoverability of metals from Bottom Ash, including ferrous and non-ferrous separations, means that no metal is wasted. Waste-to-Energy is a safety net to send metals back for recycling Waste-to-Energy helps propelling resources back in the economy RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

8 4. Solutions to improve Energy efficiency Boilers are already very efficient Increased usage of the energy is mandated by the R1 Formula from the Waste Framework Directive Optimised steam-water cycle can increase electricity production Connecting Waste-to-Energy to District Heating and Cooling further improves efficiency Limitation is that district energy is not implementable everywhere (climate impact) Using waste heat in industries is also efficient, but takes very favourable conditions RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

9 4. Impact of increased energy efficiency Produced energy is reducing primary energy demand Electricity is predictable, stable output to help build base-load Produced electricity helps reducing the CO 2 intensity of the grid When District Heating / Cooling is used, this very often saves electricity: peak heating / cooling often comes from electricity. District energy from waste helps alleviating the peak electrical demand, which is when electricity is the most carbon-intensive According to the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), the biodegradable content of waste is renewable. Therefore half of the energy produced from waste is renewable Waste-to-Energy is a multi-purpose source of energy RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

10 5. Climate protection Catalyst Waste-to-Energy protects the climate: Recovers energy from waste not suitable for recycling Avoids Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfills Propels high carbon-footprint resources (minerals, metals) back in the economy, saving their extraction s impact Generates partly renewable energy from waste Electricity from waste reduces the grid s CO 2 intensity Heating/Cooling from waste saves primary energy and in particular alleviates peak electricity load, which is very carbon-intensive Waste-to-Energy is a climate catalyst RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

11 Synthesis Ultimate goal: A circular economy is an industrial system that is restorative or regenerative by intention and design. [ ] It shifts towards the use of renewable energy, [ ] and aims for the elimination of waste thecirculareconomy.org Contribution from Waste-to-Energy in the meantime: Although the Circular Economy is waste-free, we are not there yet. As long as there will be waste that is not suitable for recycling, Waste-to-Energy will be there to make a positive contribution by recovering energy from waste and avoiding that the resource it represents is wasted RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

12 Thank you for you attention! Av. A. Lacomblé 59 B-1030 Brussels RECUWATT ESWET Presentation

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