Updating on NPP Life Management, Long Term Operation and post-fukushima Issues in Spain

Transcription

1 IAEA Technical Working Group on Life Management of Nuclear Power Plants (TWG-LMNPP) Vienna, February 22-24, 2017 Updating on NPP Life Management, Long Term Operation and post-fukushima Issues in Spain Lorenzo Francia Nuclear Directorate UNESA - Spanish Utilities Association

2 Net Electricity Generation in Spain.- Total % Var. (16/15) Hydro (14.9%) HYDRO 31,221 39, FOSSIL FUELS 88,577 73, Coal 52,789 37, Natural gas 29,291 29, Fuel oil & others 6,497 6, NUCLEAR 54,755 56, RENEWABLES & WASTE 64,636 64, Wind 48,124 47, Photovoltaic solar 8,243 7, Solar thermal 5,085 5, Others 3,184 3, COGENER. & WASTE 28,747 29, TOTAL GENERATION (GWh) 267, , % of generation came from renewable sources 60% of generation was CO 2 emission free Source: UNESA compilation based on REE data 2016 Coal (14.3%) Fuel-oil (2.6%) Natural gas (11.2%) Nuclear (21.4%) Wind (18.2%) Solar PV (3.0%) Solar Thermal (2.0%) Other Renewable (1.3%) CHP and Waste (11.1%) IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-2-

3 Net Electrical Capacity Installed in Spain.- Total % Var. (2016/15) Hours HYDRO 20,351 20, ,923 FOSSIL FUELS 40,096 39, ,882 - Coal 10,936 10, ,747 - Natural gas 26,670 26, ,104 - Fuel oil & others 2,490 2, ,717 NUCLEAR 7,532 7, ,448 RENEWABLES & WASTE 30,735 30, ,089 - Wind 23,031 23, ,073 - Photovoltaic solar 4,656 4, ,705 - Solar thermal 2,300 2, ,209 - Others ,595 COGENER. & WASTE 7,468 7, ,908 Hydro (19.3%) Coal (9.5%) Fuel-oil (2.4%) Natural gas (25.3%) Nuclear (7.2%) Wind (21.9%) Solar PV (4.4%) Solar Thermal (2.2%) Other Renewable (0.7%) TOTAL INST. CAP. (MW) 106, , ,492 CHP and Waste (7.1%) Peak demand (September 6th): 40,489 MW Fuente: REE & UNESA 2016 IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-3-

4 Spanish Nuclear Power Plants / Facilities S.M. Garoña 466 MW Ascó Unit 1: 1033 MW Unit 2: 1027 MW Trillo 1066 MW Juzbado Fuel Manufacturing Facility Vandellós I Decommisioned Vandellós II 1087 MW Almaraz Unit 1: 1049 MW Unit 2: 1045 MW El Cabril LLW Storage Facility José Cabrera (Zorita) In decommisioning Cofrentes 1092 MW IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-4-

5 Operating Spanish Nuclear Power Plants Plant / Unit Initial Rating [MWe] Current Gross Capacity [MWe] Reactor Type Connection to grid Sta. Mª GAROÑA BWR-GE 1971 ALMARAZ ,049 PWR-W 1981 ALMARAZ ,045 PWR-W 1983 ASCÓ ,033 PWR-W 1983 ASCÓ ,027 PWR-W 1985 COFRENTES 975 1,092 BWR-GE 1984 VANDELLÓS II 982 1,087 PWR-W 1987 TRILLO 1,041 1,066 PWR-KWU 1988 Total 7,865 (7,532 net MWe) IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-5-

6 Licensing & Regulatory Aspects No legal lifetime limit for the Spanish NPPs. For each plant, an Operating License is required and includes the due date for its renewal. Application for a renewal (every 10 years) of the plant Operating License: Periodic Safety Review (PSR) to be performed and submitted: The PSR includes a summary of ageing management activities carried out in the previous 10 years term, as well as provisions for the next 10 years term. Applicability Analysis of New Regulations and Standards: CSN Technical Instruction (TI). Nov Regulation/standard published by international organizations or by the technology origin country whose accomplishment must be analyzed by the plant/utility. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-6-

7 PSRs and Renewal of Operating Licenses (< 40 years) IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-7-

8 Operating Licenses for Long Term Operation (LTO) In addition to the PSR and the Regulation/Standard Applicability, specific requirements for an Operating License Renewal related to LTO (beyond 40 year design life): Integrated Ageing Management & Evaluation Programme (PIEGE). Updating of the Radiation Impact Study and the Radioactive Waste Management Plan. Safety Analysis Report Supplement. Revision of Technical Specifications. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-8-

9 Renewal of Operating Licenses for Long Term Operation (LTO) IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb-17-9-

10 Regulatory Requirements for Ageing Management and LTO Ageing Management and LTO are regulated in Spain by: CSN Safety Guide 1.10 (Periodic Safety Reviews of NPPs). Rev. 1, September CSN Safety Instruction IS-22 (Safety Requirements for Aging Management and LTO of NPPs). Rev. 0, July PLiM/Ageing Management and Long-Term Operation programmes have been based on the USNRC methodology for License Renewal (10CFR50.54 / LR Rule) and also meet the main guidelines laid down in the IAEA ageing management documents. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

11 Regulatory Requirements for Ageing Management and LTO CSN Safety Guide 1.10 Establish the purpose, scope, format and time frame of the Periodic Safety Review that Spanish NPPs shall made every 10 years, in compliance with their operating license. Section 5.2 sets specific requirements for the PSR in case of Long Term Operation: LTO documents (see slide No. 8) Time frame. PIEGE Rev. 0 CSN review and comments Resolution CSN comments, and update due to Plant changes PIEGE Rev. 1 New Operating License 3 year before 1 year before Expiration of the Current Operating License IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

12 Regulatory Requirements for Ageing Management and LTO CSN Safety Instruction IS-22 Establish the criteria for the management of ageing of nuclear power plant SSC, including management in the case of Long Term Operation. The IS-22 largely assumes 10CFR54 requirements but, unlike the US rule, the IS-22 establishes licensing requirements for aging management and long-term operation as a continuous process: Up to the end of the design life (40 years), Ageing Management is addressed by the Plan Life Management. If the Plant is going to operate after its design life, an Integrated Plant Assessment (that is the PIEGE) shall be prepared in order to demonstrate that ageing will be managed adequately during the LTO period. During the LTO period (beyond 40 years), Ageing Management is addressed by the Long Term Plan Ageing Management based on the conclusion of the PIEGE. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

13 LTO Ageing Evaluation and Management (PIEGE) SCOPE Identify SSCs in the Scope and their Intended Functions SCREENING Identify SSCs Subject to Ageing Management Review TLAA Identify and Evaluate the Time Limited Ageing Analyses AMP Demonstrate that the Effects of Aging are Managed PSR New Regulation Analysis Prepare the LTO Application for Submittal to CSN Identify Technical Specification Changes Prepare the Safety Analysis Report Supplement IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

14 Regulatory Requirements for Ageing Management and LTO CSN Safety Instruction IS-22 Plant Life Management Program (PLIM) Integrated Plant Assessment (IPA)-PIEGE- Plant Life Management for the Long Term Operation (PLIM-LTO) Periodic Safety Review For the design life (40 years) IS 22 requirement previous to the Long Term Operation For the Long Term Operation (beyond 40 years) Every 10 years Mid 90 s Mid 2040 s PLIM PIEGE PLIM - LTO Design life (40 years) Long Term Operation Provisional Operating Permits 1 PSR 2 PSR 3 PSR 4 PSR 5 PSR IS 22. GS 1.10 Rev1. GS 1.10 Rev0. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

15 Regulatory Requirements for Ageing Management and LTO In summary / Conclusion (according to IS-22 requirements): For the design operating term (40 years): Each NPP shall implement a Plant Life Management (PLiM) Programme: Development of a methodology for the Scope & Screening of SSC. Development of a process for the AMR. Development of Ageing Management Programmes (AMP) to address the mechanism identified previously and verify the effectiveness of those activities. Each NPP shall yearly issue an Ageing Management Report including any change on PLiM programme and a summary of ageing management activities carried out during the year. In order to apply for the plant Long Term Operation (LTO) (> 40 years): Each applicant shall prepare an Integrated Ageing Assessment & Management Plan (PIEGE) according to IS-22/10CFR54 requirements. For LTO (> 40 years) a PLiM Programme for LTO based on PIEGE results shall be implemented (development of the AMPs and resolution of the TLAAs). The annual, updated Ageing Management Report is also required beyond 40 years. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

16 Long Term Operation (LTO) Schedule for Spanish NPPs STA Mº DE GAROÑA ALMARAZ II ALMARAZ II ASCÓ I ASCÓ II COFRENTES VANDELLÓS TRILLO Provisional Operating Permits 1 st PSR 2 nd PSR 3 rd RPS 4 th PSR 5 th PSR IPA 40 years Long Term Operation IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

17 Operating Spanish Nuclear Power Plants Plant / Unit Initial Rating [MWe] Current Capacity [MWe] Reactor Type Connection to grid Operating License Validity up to Sta. Mª GAROÑA BWR-GE 1971 July-2013 >>?? ALMARAZ ,049 PWR-W 1981 ALMARAZ ,045 PWR-W 1983 June-2020 ASCÓ ,033 PWR-W 1983 ASCÓ ,027 PWR-W 1985 October-2021 COFRENTES 975 1,092 BWR-GE 1984 March-2021 VANDELLÓS II 982 1,087 PWR-W 1987 July-2020 TRILLO 1,041 1,066 PWR-KWU 1988 November-2024 Total On February 8, 2017 CSN has provided the Garoña plant with conditional approval to operate until 2031 (60 years), although it is necessary for the licensee to carry out additional, determined actions. The final decision on allowing the plant to restart would be made by the Ministry of Energy once the licensee has met all the requirements. Almaraz plant will submit documentation on PIEGE and RPS (both Rev. 0) to CSN next June 2017, three years before expiring its current operating license, in order to support its operating license renewal application. Vandellós II plant will submit documentation on PIEGE and RPS (both Rev. 0) to CSN next July 2017, three years before expiring its current operating license, in order to support its operating license renewal application. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

18 A Simplified Diagram of the Authorization Process in Spain IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

19 Spent Fuel Management in an LTO Framework Fuel Cycle Back-End Strategy in Spain OPEN CYCLE MODEL Centralized Interim Storage (ATC) is the cornerstone of back-end strategy, but TRANSPORTATION CENTRALIZED INTERIM STORAGE Used fuel currently stored at site: spent fuel pools and/or dry storage facilities. STORAGE IN POOLS CASK LOADING AT SITE INTERIM STORAGE IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

20 Spent Fuel Management in an LTO Framework Fuel Cycle Back-End Management in Spain DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES ENRESA (State-owned company) is in charge of waste management, but Decissions Utilities ENRESA Classification Conditioning Transport Interim Storage Final Disposal Funds Utilities Costs are 100% funded by Utilities IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

21 Centralized Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility (ATC) Cask Buffer Building Vault Storage Building IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

22 Centralized Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility (ATC) Canisters: No previous design in the market: - Will they do for disposal? Hot Cell Dry transfer of used fuel: - Large volume complexity to inertize. - Contamination (crud, oxides ). - Damaged fuel: how to avoid severe degradation. Inventory: All Spanish used fuel inventory must be stored: - and previously transported. - Including damaged fuel or with degraded cladding. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

23 Fuel Cycle Back-End Activities Schedule NPP POOL SATURATION DATES vs ATC PROJECT SCHEDULE º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º 1º 2º S.M GARONA ALMARAZ 1 ALMARAZ 2 ASCÓ 1 ASCÓ 2 COFRENTES VANDELLOS II TRILLO 2043 ATC PROJECT Alternative /Buffer Cask Pad in ATC Main Vault in Operation Risk of Delays With the delay of ATC, plants are reaching saturation in the pools and have to build ISFSIs for SF off-load. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

24 SF Transportation Issues Need to store in ISFSIs to avoid pool saturations. Currently regulator (CSN) asks to comply with both storage and transportation requirements. Currrent needs by Spanish plants: Trillo NPP needs to load FAs >49 MWd/kgU. Ascó NPP forced to load FAs >45 MWd/kgU with new cladding material (ZIRLO). Almaraz NPP in similar situation than Ascó NPP. Remaining NPPs will face similar situation in the near future. It is specifically needed to address the transportation to the ATC. Once ATC is in operation, potential for transportation only systems. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

25 Plant Status on ISFSI and Containers ZORITA Plant (in decommissioning) ISFSI: In operation Cask system type: HOLTEC / MPC-32. ASCÓ Plant ISFSI: In operation Cask system type: HOLTEC / MPC-32 TRILLO Plant ISFSI: In operation and under capacity recovery. Cask system type: DPT (NAC-based design; manufactured and licensed by ENSA) + ENSA / ENUN-32P. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

26 Plant Status on ISFSI and Containers GAROÑA Plant ISFSI: Under construction Cask system type: ENSA / ENUN-52B. COFRENTES Plant ISFSI: Under design Cask system type: Under licitation ALMARAZ Plant ISFSI: Starting construction by February 2017 Cask system type: ENSA / ENUN-32P. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

27 Post - Fukushima Activities Spanish NPPs completed the European Stress Tests (2011) and their peer review processes (2012), including two on site technical visits. In accordance with ENSREG agreement of July 2012 for European stress tests, the CSN performed a National Action Plan, which was published in December 2012 and was subjected to an European Peer Review process in Additionally to the stress tests scope, the CSN launched a parallel process for improving the protection of plants against potential scenarios of loss of large areas of the installation. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

28 Post - Fukushima Activities Initial margin Core Melt Consequences Mitigation Measures Core Melt Prevention After implementation of modifications Before Fukushima SAM & Emergency Planning SBO & LUHS Coping capability Increased scope and coordination SAM & EP Margin increase Additional equipment and procedures Strength of existing measures Alternative emergency control center (Common) external support center Communications improvements ERO reanalysis Filtered venting systems H 2 passive recombiners Containment water spraying w/cannons Additional RP equipment Reinforced mutual assistance protocol Portable equipment Safe storage areas Prevention of core + SFP melting Load shedding Nearby hydro plants connection Manual actuation AFW / RCIC Margin increase protective measures Increased protection against floodings Increased protection against earthquakes Other external events SSC protection External Events Plant current design Source: CSN, UNESA IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

29 Post-Fukushima Actions.- Some Protective Measures Seismic margin increase up to 0.3 g (RLE), including new SSCs (SBO equipment, SFP, etc), well above the expected seismic risks. More stringent events analyzed: upstream dams rupture, watercourses deviations, Drainage capability increase. Barriers and leak-tightness reinforcement in critical locations. Source: CSN, UNESA IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

30 Post-Fukushima Actions.- Some Preventive Measures Diversity of the grid and offsite power supply sources. Additional EDGs in some cases. EDGs autonomy 7 days. Provisions to recover supply from nearby hydroelectric facilities. Reinforce existing equipment and procedures to achieve 24 h of autonomy and have capabilities to withstand up to 72 h. Address leaks through RCP seals. Alternative water injection to RCS and AFW (for PWRs) and RCIC (for BWRs). Use of equipment and mobile pumps. Allow for manual actuation. IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb Source: CSN, UNESA

31 Post-Fukushima Actions.- Some Preventive Measures Portable pumps to inject water into RPV and SFP from different sources Equipment & Materials Movement Vehicles Easy connection to the plant Portable DGs to supply essential services Portable instrumentation & batteries Stored in safe areas Source: CSN, UNESA IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb

32 Post-Fukushima Actions.- Some Mitigation Measures Filtered Venting System in all NPPs. H 2 passive recombiners. External containment spraying w/water cannons. Staff procedure training. CONTAINMENT SPRAY H 2 passive recombiners STEAM GENERATOR TANK ERO review in more demanding scenarios. Resistant and filtered venting to stack HEAT EXCHANGE R Emergency Management Center ( CAGE ) at each NPP. Reinforced communications Centralized Emergency Support Center ( CAE ) Source: CSN, UNESA IAEA TWG-LMNPP, Vienna Feb