Dr Cathy Maguire European Environment Agency THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT STATE AND OUTLOOK 2015
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1 Dr Cathy Maguire European Environment Agency THE ENVIRONMENT STATE AND OUTLOOK 2015
2 The EEA: a network organisation with a direct link to policy The European Environment Agency is an EU body that operates at the interface of science and policy. With a network of more than 300 institutions in 39 European countries, the EEA provides timely, reliable and relevant information to support sustainable development. EEA work is targeted at EU institutions, EEA member countries, civil society and the general public
3 SOER 2015 A comprehensive assessment of past trends and future outlooks and of opportunities to recalibrate policies, knowledge, investments and innovations in line with the long-term vision of the 7 th EAP. SOER 2015 Synthesis report SOER 2015 Assessment of global megatrends Global megatrends European briefings Cross-country comparisons Countries and regions 11 briefings 25 briefings 9 briefings 39+3 briefings
4 The policy context Source: EEA Multiannual Work Programme
5 Vision of the 7th Environment Action Programme In 2050, we live well, within the planet's ecological limits. Our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative, circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed sustainably, and biodiversity is protected, valued and restored in ways that enhance our society's resilience. Our low-carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use, setting the pace for a global safe and sustainable society. Source: 7th EU Environment Action Programme
6 Synthesis report Part 1: Setting the scene Sets out the evolving context for European environmental policy, and the global megatrends that directly and indirectly affect Europe s environment. Part 2: Assessing European trends Provides summary assessments of the trends and outlook for 20 environmental issues, grouped under the three priority thematic objectives of the 7th Environment Action Programme. Part 3: Looking ahead Reflects on the overall picture of the European environment s state and outlook. Signals opportunities to adjust environmental policy to support the transition to a more sustainable society.
7 Daniel Danko, Environment & Me /EEA Key messages from SOER 2015 Policies have delivered substantial benefits for the environment, economy and people s well-being; major challenges remain Europe faces persistent and emerging challenges linked to production and consumption systems, and the rapidly changing global context Achieving the 2050 vision requires system transitions, driven by more ambitious actions on policy, knowledge, investments and innovation Doing so presents major opportunities to boost Europe s economy and employment and put Europe at the frontier of science and innovation
8 Daniel Danko, Environment & Me /EEA Eco-industries have prospered despite the recession in Europe Eco-industry value added Eco-industry employment Total EU GDP Total EU employment Source: Eurostat, 2014.
9 Ana Skobe, Environment & Me /EEA Assessing past trends and future outlooks The Synthesis report addresses the three thematic priority objectives of the 7 th EAP: 1. Protecting, conserving and enhancing natural capital 2. Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy 3. Safeguarding from environmental risks to health Two overall patterns emerge: Resource efficiency improvements have been notable but have not translated into increased ecosystem and social resilience The long-term outlook is often less positive than recent trends
10 Thematic priority objective 1: Protecting, conserving and enhancing natural capital Past (5 10 year) trends 20+ years outlook Progress to policy targets Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity Land use and soil functions No target Ecological status of freshwater bodies Water quality and nutrient loading Air pollution and its ecosystem impacts Marine and coastal biodiversity Climate change impacts on ecosystems No target Improving trends dominate Trends show mixed picture Deteriorating trends dominate Largely on track Partially on track Largely not on track Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report.
11 Thematic priority objective 2: Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy Past (5 10 year) trends 20+ years outlook Progress to policy targets Material resource efficiency and material use Waste management Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change mitigation Energy consumption and fossil fuel use Transport demand and related environmental impacts Industrial pollution to air, soil and water Water use and water quantity stress Improving trends dominate Trends show mixed picture Deteriorating trends dominate No target / Largely on track Partially on track Largely not on track Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report.
12 SOER2015 / Synthesis / Assessing European trends: Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy Waste management is improving but European remains far from a circular economy Waste management 5-10 year trends: Less waste is being landfilled due to reduced generation of some wastes, increased recycling and greater use of waste for energy recovery. 20+ year outlook: Total waste generation is still high, although implementation of waste prevention programmes could alleviate this. Progress to policy targets: Past successes with some waste streams, but only mixed progress across countries towards meeting recycling and landfill targets. Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report. Overall summary table Summary table 2/3 Waste Green economy Resource efficiency Waste
13 Estonia * Bulgaria * Luxembourg Ireland Belgium Switzerland Germany Norway Denmark France Italy Czech Republic Austria Slovenia Turkey Latvia Lithuania Cyprus Greece Finland Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Hungary Malta Slovakia Spain Iceland Portugal Poland Romania Croatia kg / cap Hazardous waste generated per capita Hazardous waste generation increase ( ) Hazardous waste generation decrease ( ) EU27 average ( ) Source: ETC/SCP and ETC/WMGE, based on Eurostat data and National waste statistics for Switzerland *Estonia: kg/cap (2006), kg/cap (2008), kg/cap (2010), kg/cap (2012). *Bulgaria: kg/cap (2006), kg/cap (2008), kg/cap (2010), kg/cap (2012).
14 Million tonnes Hazardous waste treatment Incineration with energy recovery Recovery other than energy recovery Incineration without energy recovery Disposal Recovery other than energy recovery includes backfilling Data for EU-27 and Norway Source: ETC/SCP and ETC/WMGE, based on Eurostat data
15 Differences between reported generated and treated hazardous waste Note: Data refer to EU-27 and Norway Source: ETC/SCP and ETC/WMGE, based on Eurostat data
16 Cross-border trade in non-hazardous waste
17 Thematic priority objective 3: Safeguarding from environmental risks to health Past (5 10 year) trends 20+ years outlook Progress to policy targets Water pollution and related environmental health risks / Air pollution and related environmental health risks Noise pollution (especially in urban areas) / Urban systems and grey infrastructure No target Climate change and related environmental health risks No target Chemicals and related environmental health risks / Improving trends dominate Trends show mixed picture Deteriorating trends dominate Largely on track Partially on track Largely not on track Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report.
18 SOER2015 / Synthesis / Assessing European trends: Safeguarding from environmental risks to health Risk management needs to be adapted to emerging environment and health issues Chemicals and related environmental health risks 5-10 year trends: The impacts of some hazardous chemicals are increasingly being addressed. Endocrine disrupters and newly emerging chemicals are of growing concern. Knowledge gaps and uncertainty remain. 20+ year outlook: Chemicals may have long lasting impacts, especially persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. Implementation of EU and international policies is likely to reduce the chemical burden. Progress to policy targets: Implementation of REACH continues. No policy targets have been set for chemical mixtures. Concern on the impact of newly emerging chemicals remains. Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report. Overall summary table Summary table 3/3 Freshwater quality Health and environment Freshwater quality
19 Information Platform for Chemical Monitoring (IPCheM) A single online access point for discovering and retrieving chemical monitoring data Goals: Map chemical exposure pathways via multiple media Inform integrated assessments that combine data on chemicals in the environment, food and feed, indoor air and products and from human biomonitoring Improve the knowledge base for policy making on chemicals 4 modules food and feed, human biomonitoring, indoor air and products, environmental data
20 The overall picture: Efficiency improvements have not secured long-term resilience Protecting, conserving and enhancing natural capital Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy Safeguarding from environmental risks to health Past (5 10) year trends 20+ years outlook / Improving trends dominate Trends show mixed picture Deteriorating trends dominate Source: EEA. SOER 2015 Synthesis report.
21 Ana Skobe, Environment & Me /EEA Understanding past trends and future outlooks Two major factors explain the uneven progress and prospects: The changing global context Competition for resources Pressures from outside Europe Planetary boundaries Systemic characteristics of environmental challenges Complexity Uncertainty Environmental, social and economic interdependencies
22 Looking ahead: Systemic challenges require systemic solutions Not just incremental efficiency gains Source: Tesla but fundamental transitions in food, energy, urban, mobility, finance and fiscal systems through profound changes in dominant practices, policies and thinking.
23 Looking ahead: Building on 40 years of European and national policies Reducing environmental pressures or offsetting harmful effects Precautionary principle: avoid potential harm (or counter-productive actions) in highly complex and uncertain situations Remediating environmental degradation (where possible) or other costs imposed on society Some environmental change inevitable: anticipate adverse effects of specific environmental changes Source: EEA.
24 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Achieving the 2050 vision depends on action today: Fostering innovation Economic, technological and social innovations can support long-term transitions to a green economy This requires upscaling niche innovations such as collaborative consumption and prosumerism Publicly funded research has fostered many of the most important and commercially successful innovations Essential to consider what type of innovation Europe wants the four environment principles of the EU Treaty can be a guide
25 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Achieving the 2050 vision depends on action today : Investing for the long term European investment needs are huge and today s choices will determine our future pathways of development The EU has committed to spend at least 20% of the budget on transforming Europe into a clean and competitive low-carbon economy Need to avoid investments that lock in existing patterns and limit options Shifting taxation and phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies can stimulate investment and innovation in this direction
26 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Looking ahead: Expanding the knowledge base SOER 2015 knowledge base will not be fit for SOER 2020 Need for improved knowledge on environment-economy interactions and long-term systemic perspectives Environmental knowledge community (EKC) and key Knowledge Innovation Projects (KIP) Shift from problem to solution focused knowledge base
27 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Looking ahead: SOER 2015 as a resource
28 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Looking ahead: SOER 2015 as a resource
29 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Looking ahead: SOER 2015 as a resource
30 Victor Troyanov, Environment & Me /EEA Looking ahead: Living well within the limits of the planet by 2050 Achieving the 2050 vision is possible but it depends on our actions and investments today. Systemic change must deliver decent employment, opportunities and fairness, as well as respecting environmental limits. SOER 2015 illustrates the success of European policy. We should be confident in entering a new stage of environmental governance. Source: Raworth, 2012
31 Explore SOER 2015 online: eea.europa.eu/soer
32 BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS Stay informed about SOER 2015 and receive our products sign up at: Thank you!
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