Profitability of short rotation crop resources for bio-fuels: Miscanthus plantation in the south west of France

Transcription

1 ENERMASS International school Montpellier January 2014 Profitability of short rotation crop resources for bio-fuels: Miscanthus plantation in the south west of France Dr Joël POUSTIS 1 HEXABIO SARL 286, avenue Pasteur F PESSAC marketing@hexabio.com

2 Plan Ligno - cellulosic fibers for bio-fuels. Profitability in the forestry area and in the agriculture. Bio-fuel cost at the heating plant entrance. Conclusion for strategy in the near future. 2

3 Ligno cellulosic fibers for bio-fuels Bio energy requires diverse array of biomass feedstock Agricultural residues Forest residues Urban wood wastes Corn stover, Wheat straw, Logging, Saw mill, Pallets, Cases, Grassy energy crops Short rotation woody crops Miscanthus, Igniscum, Hybrid poplar, Alfa plant, 3

4 Wood residues and energy crops in AQUITAINE Forest residues PINUS MARITIMUS Herbaceus energy crops MISCANTHUS RAW MATERIAL MISCANTHUS BRIQUETTES at 7 % Moisture Calorific Power (Inferior) (G Joules / Dry Ton) 18 4 CHP Furnace (boiler) WOODEN CHIPS (Softwood) at 30 % moisture WOODEN PELLETS (Softwood) at 7% moisture NATURAL FUEL 40

5 Wood residues in AQUITAINE Forest residues PINUS MARITIMUS 5 CHP Furnace (boiler)

6 State of the disaster of KLAUS storm (January 2009) Ha concerned at > 20% affected 37,1 M m3 of wood destroyed (5 years of a normal harvest) Source : DRAAF AQUITAINE 6

7 Wooden residues in the AQUITAINE forestry 1 MILLION HECTARES OF PINUS MARITIMUS Forest thinning Forest residues : dead trees, branches and tree stumps Chips 7

8 Why Biomass Densification? To increase mass per unit of volume Improved transportation More efficient storage Reduced biomass losses Moisture reduction Improvements in processing equipment. Economics of balling, pelletting & briquetting. New pellet mill designs. HIGH ENERGY Sieving Drying Granding Pressing 8 Pending patents in progress Storing I Sieving NEW TECHNOLOGY Storing II LOW ENERGY

9 Wood densification CRITERIA WOOD CHIPS WOOD PELLETS MOISTURE % < 10 % SIZE Variable 6 mm diameter BULK DENSITY Kg/m3 650 Kg/m3 ENERGY PER TONNE KWh/tonne KWh/tonne 9 ENERGY PER M3 850 KWh/m KWh/m3

10 WOOD Densification : Economical impact WOODEN BIOFUEL 21 50% / MWh BIOFUEL PRICE AT CHP ENTRANCE ( /MWh) ,85 17,49 16,74 40% 30% 20% 10% MOISTURE (%) Distance = 50 Km 15 WET CHIPS DRY CHIPS PELLETS 0% 10 DENSITY from 250 to 650 Kg/m3

11 Hardwood residues : economical balance For an average distance of 100 km between the collection and the boiler, according to the supply (in wet or dry forest chips and in bulk pellets), the economic data ' so establish: BIOFUEL PRICE ( HT) at the BOILER ENTRANCE 220 / Dry Ton 11 BIOFUEL PRICE at the BOILER entrance ( / Dry Ton) BIOFUEL PRICE in / MWh Wet chips Dry chips Wood pellets Hard wood

12 Energy crops in AQUITAINE Herbaceus energy crops MISCANTHUS Mano (40) plantation in December CHP Furnace (boiler) CHP : Facture (33); Tartas, Rion, Mimizan (40);

13 First miscanthus applications in AQUITAINE Under the control of the Chambre de l Agriculture, limited fields trials of Miscanthus x giganteus, a sterile hybrid genotype of the large perennial grass miscanthus, have been carried out in Aquitaine region since SAINT LOUIS DE MONTFERRAND 1Ha MANO 22 Ha VILLEFRANCHE DU QUEYRAN 8 Ha 65

14 Harvesting cycle of MISCANTHUS 14 First year Year 2, 3...

15 MISCANTHUS CROPS : Densification Chopped 100 kg/m³ DENSIFICATION 15 Balls 150 kg/m³ Briquettes kg/m³ PCI = 18,0 MJ/kg Ashes = 1,6 4 % Dry

16 MISCANTHUS CROPS : Economical impact MISCANTHUS BIOFUEL 29 29,4 50% 27 40% / MWh BIOFUEL PRICE AT CHP ENTRANCE ( /MWh) CHOPPED (VRAC) BALLS 19,35 30% 20% MOISTURE (%) 10% 17 16,67 15 BRIQUETTES 0% DENSITY from 80 to 500 Kg/m3 16

17 Miscanthus : economical balance For a distance of 50 km between the place of harvest and the boiler according to the supply (in balls or in briquettes), the miscanthus is situated in a very wide range of energy cost price. BIOFUEL PRICE ( HT) at the BOILER Entrance / Dry Ton BIOFUEL PRICE in / Dry Ton Industry BIOFUEL PRICE in / MWh Individuals MISCANTHUS BALLS MISCANTHUS BRIQUETTES 17

18 MISCANTHUS CROPS : Transport impact TRANSPORTATION OF BIOFUEL MISCANTHUS BRIQUETTES 17 16,67 / MWh BIOFUEL PRICE ( /MWh) 16 15, , DISTANCE BETW EEN THE HARVESTING AREA TO THE CHP PLANT (FROM 50 KM TO 200 KM)

19 MISCANTHUS Crops : Transport impact Transport of miscanthus balls / Dry Ton BIOFUEL PRICE at the BOILER entrance ( / Dry Ton) DISTANCE (km) Distance between the place of harvest and the industrial boiler 19

20 Wood residues and energy crops in AQUITAINE Forest residues PINUS MARITIMUS Herbaceus energy crops MISCANTHUS 20 CHP Furnace (boiler) Smurfit Facture, Tembec Tartas, Egger Rion, Gascogne Mimizan, DRT,

21 Relation benefit versus yield in the field The miscanthus yield might be superior to 15 t/ha dry weight 6 0 % GROSS MARGIN BENEFITS (%) 5 0 % 4 0 % wood miscanthus Zone of relative competition 3 0 % A N N U A L B I O M A S S Y I E L D (to n / h a ) 21 In Aquitaine, the yield potential of this novel annually harvested bio energy crop has been shown to be low and wood residues are currently largely available.

22 Purchase prices of the biomass and energy cost at the boiler / Dry Ton RAW MATERIAL COST ( / DRY TON) BIOFUEL PRICE in / MWh / MWh CHOPPED MISCANTHUS WET WOODEN CHIPS Distance of 100 km between harvest and industrial boiler. 22 Hard wood and miscanthus concerned.

23 Geographical spaces availability 23

24 Conclusion for future strategy Wood and agricultural crops fuels are feasible for heat, electricity and liquid bio fuels production but are limited by feasible transportation distances. Partnership between Agriculture, Forestry and Industry is the key of success on bio energy which have significant variations : -> Increase of biomass trade, -> Increase of volatility on prices of biomass-based fuels, -> Bio energy will remain local in order to limit transportation. Production and trade of combustible could be increased significantly but new technologies (harvest and densification) are a necessity in order to the profit and market volume. Industry platforms offers significant benefits for future bio energy investments: logistics, wood residues, crops in multi fuel operations, process integration and CHP. Raw material price may increase due to high price of fossil energy and CO2 allowance, utility and oil industry interest on solid biomass raw materials in co-firing 24 and bio fuels business.

25 We are looking for supporters.. HEXABIO SARL 286, avenue Pasteur F PESSAC Tél. : +33 (0) marketing@hexabio.com 25 Many thanks for your kind attention