Waste Management 4.0 at the North/South/West/East Viewpoint

Transcription

1 Waste Management 4.0 at the North/South/West/East Viewpoint Dagmar Juchelková, Klaus Koppe, Helena Raclavská Energy Engineering Department Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB-TUO) Czech Republic

2 The European waste hierarchy

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4 zář-17 VŠB-TU Ostrava 4

5 Late 18th century Beginning of the 20th century 1. industry Revolution 2. industry Revolution Mechanization with water and steam Mass production with the help of conveyor belts and electrical energy Generation Transport Disposal Waste 4.0 Recycling 3. industry Revolution Use of electronics and IT to automate production Beginning of the 70s of the 20th century 4. industry Revolution People, machines, plants, logistics and products communicate and cooperate directly with one another 21. Century authorities Industry 4.0

6 Waste 4.0 Not (yet) an official buzzword Offerbig challenges in this area It requires large finance/support, but it offers great opportunities, including technical ideas interests of financial groups The world of waste management is changing locally at an unprecedented rate Somewhere is conservative (rigid) Could W4.0 help?

7 Calculation Point Collection/Sammlung Sorting/Sortierung Final Recycling Process Landfill/Deponie Incineration/Verbrennung Exports/Export Hagelüken 2016 Final recycling process and measurement of recycling rate

8 waste collection Waste transport waste separation Recycling mechanical recycling Verwertung Material recycling Energetic utilization Electricity Heat Landfill Landfill Protection of landfills landfill remediation Recycling industry 4.0: Market shares and technology lines

9 major techno-economic and logistical concepts direct energy use (WtE plant Waste-to-Energy plant, W2E) small incinerators (20-50 kt) Mechanical-biological treatment associated with energy use of calorific fraction Gasification technologies (pyrolysis, plasma) Exporting MSW for energy recovery abroad (in a lot of countries the current legislation does not allow it) (Recycling) (Landfilling) (Terminology)

10 Open waste dump Landfill Others 1 Africa Asie Europe North America South America Open combustion Combustion Recycling Waste disposal distances (in%), worldwide, 2012

11 Challenges Waste 4.0 By the year 2024, all MSW, or bulky waste production has to be disposed of in other ways than through landfilling. The whole MSW production has to be used at home. Solutions must be coordinated between a number of agents (cities and municipalities) and by the selected operator. (really? Have we such sollutions?) (really? Have we prepare to do it?) (really? Are they speacking the same langueages?) Solutions must be sustainable and acceptable to the population. YES

12 Examples

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14 Plastic packaging recycling and energy recovery rate by country 2014 (Referred to post-consumer plastics waste)

15 Separately collected glass, plastic, metal, constrution waste and other 17,8 % Pape and wood MMW *) 14,3 % Glass, plastic and metals in MMW *) 10,1 % Residue 1,5 % Non-recoverable bulky waste 6,4 % Separately collected paper 7,5 % Separately collected green and kitchen waste 9,6% Kitchenand green waste MMW *) 13,1 % Residual components of MMW *) 19,5 % *) MMW - mixed municipal Hazardous waste 0,2 % waste MW (total municipal waste) composition in waste streams MRW (material recoverable components of municipal waste), BDMW (biodegradable municipal waste), and MMW (mixed municipal waste)

16 Rohstoffe Design Kreislauf- Management Produktion Restmüll Recycling Verteilung Sammlung Betrieb und Instandsetzung

17 climate Protection Waste management separate collection Landfilling org. waste Reduce resource consumption Sorting Energy production Energy saving Combustion *) Disposal of degradable wastes is in any case climatedamaging Elimination of critical and residual waste Link between waste management, energy policy, resource management and environmental protection

18 Camera X-rays Feeder (waste) Dosing + moving Separate product streams control unit Optical sorting system with X-ray steel and optical analysis

19 Climate protection through recycling

20 Synergy effects Point of view Not enough just control of processes and Smart technologies the others ane NOT stupid

21 Big troubles Big opportunities Mixed MSW Biodegradable waste, especially from MW Plastic waste

22 Summary New challanges Legislation Open mind Learning from neighbors (good and bad experience) capacity, location, product utillitazion Competition among waste handling systems? No cost for waste handling?

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24 zář-17 IRRC Waste-to-Energy VŠB-TU Vienna Ostrava Austria September 18 and 19,

25 The pessimist sees the problem at every occasion The optimist sees the opportunity in every problem Winston Churchill

26 Energy 4.0 We are waiting for such nice picture for WASTE 4.0

27 Thank you for your attention Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit Grazie per la tua attenzione Děkuji za pozornost 谢谢你的关注 Gracias por su atención Will all technologies 4.0 lead to smarter end users - or vice versa? Dagmar Juchelková Dagmar.juchelkova@vsb.cz