Feilding Wastewater Treatment Plant Land Application Management Plan
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1 Manawatu District Council OCTOBER 2013
2 CONTENTS Introduction... 1 Purpose of this Document... 1 Overview of Land Application System... 1 Section 1. Land Application Performance Criteria... 2 Section 2 Land Application Management Guidelines Introduction Locality and Land Holdings Site Characteristics Application of Treated Wastewater Plant Process Operation Treatment Plant The Irrigators Details of the Irrigators Maintenance Procedures Routine Maintenance Equipment Monitoring and Fault Detection Contingency Measures in the Event of Irrigation Equipment or Pipeline Failures Effluent Management and Monitoring Effluent Quantity and Quality Land Application Scheduling Environmental Controls Instrumentation and Control Vegetation Management and Monitoring Environmental Management and Monitoring... 13
3 7 Buffer Zones Management Consent and Compliance Management Management Structure Monitoring Roles Limits Public Access and Public Relations Updating the Management Plan Appendix A: Conditions of Consent for the LAS Appendix B: Pasture Suitability and Management (AgResearch) Appendix C: Soils (Landcare Research) Appendix D: Irrigation Equipment Appendix E: Irrigation Equipment Maintenance
4 Introduction Purpose of this Document This (LAMP) comprises two sections: Section 1 Land Application Performance Criteria prescribes through operational criteria the fundamental conditions and constraints under which land application (irrigation of treated wastewater) at the Feilding Wastewater Treatment Plant site will be initiated, controlled and prohibited. Section 2. Land Application Management Guidelines outline the specific design, operational and monitoring requirements that will ensure the Land Application System (LAS) complies with the consents issued and their conditions. It is anticipated that this section of the LAMP will be required by condition of consent and will be developed through consultation with the Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council (and any other parties), and will likely be reviewed on an annual basis (in accordance with any condition of consent imposed). Overview of Land Application System The Manawatu District Council will dispose of treated wastewater from the WWTP by way of discharge to the Oroua River and to the land application system (LAS). The LAS will be used to optimise discharges to land including utilisation of storage, with particular focus on times when the River is at less than half median flow. This optimisation is intended to remove the discharge from the River at times when the River will benefit most by ensuring that the irrigation site is performing at its most effective. Page 1
5 Section 1. Land Application Performance Criteria Land Application shall be undertaken using a combination of centre pivot, solid set sprinkler irrigation, and trickle irrigation and shall occur at times when the Oroua River is below half median flows and will also be subject to the following: maximum irrigation depth shall not exceed 7mm/day. Smaller depths will be applied as considered appropriate by the Council, having regard to the priority to be given to irrigation. maximum application rate shall not exceed 20mm/hr under any part of the irrigation system. Irrigation shall not occur when at least one of the soils under one of the irrigators or irrigation areas does not have the capacity to accept an application of 7mm or less without exceeding a soil moisture content half way between field capacity and saturation. The trigger soil moisture contents (%) are tabulated for the soil types on the land application area: Soil Series Kairanga Silt Loam Manawatu Silt Loam Manawatu Sandy Loam Parewanui Sandy Loam Rangitikei Sandy Loam Drainage Class Saturation (%) Field Capacity (%) 50% Trigger (%) poor well drained well drained poor well drained Irrigation shall not occur during times of equipment failure when it is considered that irrigation will result in undue risk of negative environmental effects such as for example ponding, runoff or aerosol drift. Irrigation shall not occur at any time that wind speeds (measured at the WWTP) are equal to or in excess of 65 km/hr. In addition, end-gun operation shall cease when wind speeds are equal to or in excess of 45km/hr. Irrigation shall not occur during a heavy rain event. Irrigation shall not occur during, and within 48 hours of crop harvesting. Irrigation shall not occur during, and within 12 hours of agricultural operations such as fertiliser or spray applications. Irrigation shall not occur within any buffer area determined by any condition of consent. Trickle irrigation may take place up to the buffer boundary. When Land Application is not permitted pursuant to the above criteria, the Council shall utilise storage at the WWTP. Any discharge to the Oroua River shall occur only in accordance with consents held by MDC. Page 2
6 Section 2 1 Introduction Land Application Management Guidelines 1.1 Locality and Land Holdings The locality of the LAS and the total land holding of the district council for the wastewater treatment plant and the land application area are shown in Figure 1.1. Of this total land holding, there are a number of areas which are effectively unavailable or problematic to irrigate. This includes land which appears to be in the bed of the Oroua River or lies west of the Makino Stream. The areas to be designated for land application and the wastewater treatment plant are shown in Figure 1.2. The lots which bound the river are being re-surveyed and their boundaries adjusted to match the fence line along the property side of the Oroua River stopbank. Based on the designation, a gross land application area of 170ha has been defined within which irrigation can occur. This includes part of the WWTP site. This is outlined in Figure 1.3. Figure 1.1 Site Locality Plan Page 3
7 Figure 1.2 Final Designation Areas 1.2 Site Characteristics LiDAR survey data for the site shows the land to have limited relief, apart from a stopbank and some residual stream channel features. Figure 1.3 illustrates the contours of the land showing that the land slopes gently to the southwest. All of the land has been either in pasture or intensive cropping. Figure 1.4 depicts the key existing farm buildings and other man made features on the site. Page 4
8 MANAWATU DISTRICT COUNCIL Figure 1.3 Contour Plan of Site Figure 1.4 Plan of Man Made Features Figure 1.5 depicts the soils on the site as confirmed by site survey and adjusted from published mapping. Status: Draft October 2013 Page 5
9 Figure 1.5 Soils under Irrigation Application Area AgResearch has investigated the soils and existing pasture on the site and advised on the soils suitability for the cut and carry pasture system proposed. The typical characteristics of the site s soils have been investigated and reported on by Landcare Research. Irrigation modelling has been carried out by Plant and Food. The findings of these research organisations are captured in reports included in the Appendices to the AEE and specifically appendices G, H and P. 1.3 Application of Treated Wastewater Based on the gross irrigation area outlined in figure 1.2, a proposed irrigation layout and application system to cover the maximum anticipated area 140ha has been developed and is shown in Figure 1.6. This layout is a preliminary one and will be finalised through the process of tendering and constructing the irrigation system. It is not expected however that the layout will deviate significantly from this. Page 6
10 Figure 1.6 Irrigation Layout to cover 140 Ha Land application will be carried out using centre pivot, solid set sprinkler irrigation as well as trickle irrigation because these methods: are readily controllable and can be automated to avoid adverse effects apply the wastewater close to or at the ground surface can apply the wastewater at lower pressure with large droplet diameters (150µ) which minimises the potential for spray drift, variable rate application can be provided to match the various soils, thereby maximising the amount that can be applied In respect of the boundary buffers to neighbouring properties, the Oroua River and Makino Stream, the final buffer will be 30m and comprise 10m strips of low growing native plant (<5m in height), shelter belts of at least 5 m height and non-irrigated pasture. Initial buffer distances along neighbouring boundaries will be increased to 40m until such time as the shelter belts reach a minimum height of 5m. The final buffer strip widths and locations are shown in Figure 1.6. Page 7
11 2 Plant Process Operation 2.1 Treatment Plant The operation of the treatment plant is covered in detail in the consent application. The upgrade to the wastewater treatment will produce a high quality effluent and so reduce the load of contaminants discharged to the river. The high quality effluent will result in a low loading of nutrients and contaminants applied to the land. Levels of nitrogen in the treated wastewater will be reduced to around 50% of levels in the current discharge, while phosphorus levels will be maintained at current very low levels. The key part of the process for removal of phosphorus relies on dosing with alum to form a precipitate, which is then settled and removed in the process unit called a clarifier. The alum dosing removes significant suspended solids and other contaminants from the wastewater. Significant treatment and removal of dissolved and suspended solids will be achieved through the single anaerobic lagoon and two aerated lagoons followed by the two actiflow clarifiers. Further polishing is achieved through a disc filter culminating in final disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. Final irradiation of the effluent from the clarifiers and disc filter largely eliminates the remaining pathogens or disease causing organisms, reducing bacterial numbers to low levels. The treatment processes and WWTP upgrade have been developed in order to be able to discharge wastewater with low levels of contaminants to the river. The treated wastewater which results has a very low phosphorus content which is less than optimal for pasture growth. Some consideration will be given to reducing the level of alum dosing in order to allow higher levels of phosphorus to be applied, provided this does not significantly impact on the levels of other contaminants. Land application is unlikely during winter and spring because the soils will be more likely to be saturated increasing the risk of ponding and runoff of applied wastewater. During wet winter and spring conditions the river flow is most likely to be significantly above half median flow allowing for discharge of the majority of the treated wastewater. The river flow tends to decline slowly as rainfall declines and temperature increases through the spring and early summer. On occasion influent wastewater flows generated in Feilding will rise more quickly than the river, requiring use of buffer storage or land application. Land application will be controlled by an Irrigation Control System (ICS) located in the main control room of the treatment plant. Land application will normally be initiated automatically when: The river is low (<3.49m 3 /s), and Soil moisture sensors show that a soil moisture deficit sufficient to allow for an application of 7mm exists, and Land application is not prevented by pasture management or high wind (measured locally at a site weather station at the WWTP) The maximum flow rate to each centre-pivot irrigator (CPI) will be set such that the maximum daily application depth when irrigation occurs will be fixed at 7mm/d. This will be based on the irrigator completing one full rotation in 24hrs. During an irrigation cycle, irrigation application depth will be varied depending on the soil type via the control valves fitted to each group of nozzles. This will allow application depths to be varied during the irrigation cycle, including a complete cessation of irrigation when crossing sensitive areas e.g. old stream channels. The pattern of soils under a particular irrigator will be loaded as a GPS referenced plan into the control system. GPS controllers on the irrigator will tell the control system when different parts of the irrigator are passing over different soil types or non-irrigated areas. The ICS will then activate valves to reduce or increase the application rate accordingly. Page 8
12 The ICS will therefore measure the total flow and control the pumps by means of variable speed drives to control the flow being pumped to each irrigator or irrigation block. The ICS will control the speed of rotation of the CPIs or the period of operation of the centre pivots. The ICS will vary the flow rate to individual groups of nozzles to vary the amount applied to match the available soil moisture capacity. Irrigation of wastewater will cease if the soil moisture sensors indicate that no further irrigation can be applied or if wind sensors indicate winds speeds have exceeded the upper limit. When the river becomes high, there will typically be no land application. During higher flows opportunity will be taken to empty the storage basin to the river promptly, while adhering to the 2% limit, to ensure sufficient storage volume is available to avoid river discharge when the river is again at low flow. Some irrigation may be required when river flows are high in order to ensure pastures grow at the optimal rate. In these circumstances irrigation will be initiated manually. 2.2 The Irrigators Underground pipelines will deliver wastewater from the irrigation pumps to each of the centre-pivot irrigators as well as the solid set and trickle irrigation areas. Supply pipelines shall have valves to provide for isolating the different irrigators and irrigation areas, to enable maintenance to occur, when other irrigators are in operation. The contract for supply of the irrigators will include a control system capable of varying the application depths to suit different soils and weather conditions. This will be achieved by pulsing the discharge from the sprinklers on the centre pivots and within the solid set blocks as well as providing for block rotation in any trickle irrigation areas. The centre pivot irrigators and solid set systems shall be designed to apply the waste water as close as practicable to ground level, and at low pressure using large droplet diameters to minimise the production of aerosols. The control system will use data from soil moisture sensors installed in each of the major soil types under each of the main irrigation areas as well as set parameters as set out in the proposed consent conditions. 2.3 Details of the Irrigators Following purchase and installation of the irrigation equipment, details of their structure and operation including drawings for the completed layout will be included in this management plan as Appendix E. Page 9
13 3 Maintenance Procedures 3.1 Routine Maintenance Details of necessary routine maintenance of the irrigators as recommended by the manufacturer and installer will be included as Appendix F. Details of routine maintenance of the pumps as recommended by the manufacturer and installer will be added to the maintenance records of the Wastewater Treatment Plant and become part of the routine maintenance schedule at the WWTP. 3.2 Equipment Monitoring and Fault Detection Irrigation equipment will be monitored both manually and by means of fault detection systems. Faults to be noted will include: Irrigator tower alignment Irrigator movement and speed control Water flow to the irrigators Control valve operation Sprinkler nozzle operation and blockage Details of irrigator equipment monitoring and fault detection are to be included as Appendix G. There will be fault detection capability in the Irrigation Control System with critical faults generating alarms to be sent to mobile phones for immediate action. The irrigation equipment will have default settings which turn off water flow in the event of a problem to prevent excess applications with the risk of ponding and runoff. At least weekly, the irrigation systems will be inspected to ensure every sprinkler is operating correctly and any requirements for maintenance identified. Any maintenance task identified shall be classified as either urgent, requiring immediate attention, or non-urgent to be carried out when there is no operation of the irrigation system. All maintenance actions will be recorded. 3.3 Contingency Measures in the Event of Irrigation Equipment or Pipeline Failures In the event of failure of the main pipeline, the Wastes Manager and the Operations Manager shall be informed. It may be necessary to abandon any further land application until repairs are made. For localised failures, parts of the pipeline and irrigation system(s) which they serve will have to be closed down and the irrigated area reduced until repairs are made. Unless there are actual or potential adverse effects on neighbours or the physical environment, it shall be sufficient to repair the failure or breakdown and record it as part of normal operation records. A report shall be provided to the Wastes Manager within 2 days of normal operations being resumed. If there are actual or potential adverse effects on neighbours or the physical environment, then the Horizons Regional Council shall be informed and neighbours advised of the situation. A brief report of the cause, likely effect, time to resume normal operation and recommendations as to actions available to mitigate actual adverse effects shall be prepared and submitted to Horizons Regional Council. Page 10
14 4 Effluent Management and Monitoring 4.1 Effluent Quantity and Quality Effluent flows and quality is monitored at the treatment plant which has a laboratory for routine testing. Detailed testing of wastewater effluent samples is undertaken weekly. Sample results will be used to monitor compliance with the consent conditions. The flow into the plant and out of the plant is continuously measured by means of flow meters. Additional flow and totalising metering will be provided between key processes within the WWTP. Certain characteristics of the wastewater are continuously measured by an S::Can meter to aid in management and operation of the plant. While currently installed on the inlet to the plant it may be shifted to different locations to measure the wastewater quality after various process units. For further information refer below to section 7 and elsewhere to the consent conditions for discharge to the river. 4.2 Land Application Scheduling Normal Operation Land application will typically occur on a daily basis during periods of low river flow when soil capacity allows. Where any of the soils under a particular irrigator or irrigation block can accept irrigation, then irrigation will be scheduled. Irrigation capacity will be defined as the ability to accept an application of 7mm without exceeding a soil moisture content half way between field capacity and saturation. If irrigation is scheduled, soils which can accept smaller amounts will be irrigated with the smaller applications. Where none of the soils has sufficient capacity, irrigation will be delayed until the following day. During the peak of the summer season irrigation will be scheduled daily. The maximum daily application has been set at 7mm/day, based on limiting application rate for the centre pivot irrigators to 20 mm/hr. Moisture deficits as measured in situ at each of the soil probes will be displayed via SCADA in the Treatment Plant Control Room Schedule Modification The normal schedule will be modified as required including in the following circumstances: for crop harvesting and other agricultural operations. In this case irrigation may cease for a period to allow the pasture to dry out prior to baling. Irrigation would then resume on a daily basis until moisture levels had recovered to those of adjacent irrigation areas. When visual or remote sensors indicate that soils are near or at the soil moisture content when irrigation must cease, irrigation would cease for 1 day and the suitability of irrigation checked again For high wind conditions when there is an increased risk of spray drift When land application is not possible the treated wastewater from the WWTP will be discharged to the river or stored in the storage basin for later discharge to the river or later land application under the following conditions: For low river flow periods wastewater will be stored until such time as: o 80% fill is reached when discharge at 2% of river flows will be permitted o 95% fill is reached when all flow can be discharged to the river For river flows HMF (3.49m3/s) discharge will be to the river at no more than 2% by volume and then to storage. Page 11
15 Changes made to daily loadings and schedules shall be recorded in a Land Application Diary. The electronic control system will measure and record all hydraulic loadings. These shall be used with effluent test results to calculate nutrient loadings and other parameters. 4.3 Environmental Controls A weather station at the WWTP shall provide data to manage the irrigation and specifically in respect of rainfall and wind conditions. All weather station measurements will be recorded and displayed in the Plant Control Room. 4.4 Instrumentation and Control The auto control system will perform the following functions: TO BE COMPLETED. 5 Vegetation Management and Monitoring After any site works such as levelling and the removal of fences have been completed, the irrigation area will be soil tested so that any initial nutrient deficiencies or acidity can be corrected prior to sowing new grass on the site. Soil testing would then be undertaken annually over the whole WWTP area, and the results assessed in conjunction with nutrient inputs in the wastewater to develop an appropriate fertiliser programme to ensure high pasture yields. The pasture to be established on the site shall be ryegrass dominant. Land application of effluent will not commence until the site has an established pasture species that is active at low soil temperature and has high nitrogen uptake. Land application will also not commence until the LAMP as required by a consent condition has been approved by Horizons. Pasture to which treated wastewater has been applied will be harvested and removed from the site as and when required, typically 4 to 5 times per annum. The pasture will be baled and stored until such time as testing indicates it is able to be sold for animal feed. No animals will be grazed on the property. Page 12
16 6 Environmental Management and Monitoring Sampling and analysis will be carried out as required by the relevant general condition of consent. Sampling and monitoring results will be supplied to the Regional Council as required by the relevant general condition of consent. An annual monitoring report will be supplied to the Regional Council as required by the relevant general condition of consent. Treated wastewater will be sampled and tested as required by the relevant consent condition. Groundwater will be sampled and tested as required by the relevant consent condition. Soils shall be sampled and tested as required by the relevant consent condition. The site and immediate environs will be inspected as required by the relevant consent condition. Page 13
17 7 Buffer Zones A buffer zone shall be provided around the entire irrigation site between the irrigated area and the neighbours as well as the Makino Stream and Oroua River as required by the relevant consent condition. The buffer zones are based on the consent decision for the Taupo irrigation system and are based on mean concentrations of bacteria in the treated wastewater. Trigger levels expressed as coliforms have been converted to E.coli by multiplying the coliform value by 0.63 to obtain the equivalent E.Coli value (USEPA method). Recommended buffer zone widths are based on the mean E coli concentration not exceeding 126 Cfu/100ml. Actual treated wastewater quality from the Feilding WWTP will have a mean of 50 Cfu/100ml, which is 60% below the disinfection standard. Table 8.1 Recommended Buffer Zone Widths Disinfection Standard Coliforms Cfu/100ml E coli Cfu/100ml Buffer Zone to Boundary m Property Boundaries Clear Land (planting <5m in height) Buffer planting >5m high Roads and watercourses Based on Table 8.1 requirements the following buffer arrangements have been proposed for the development and fully developed stages. Development Stage until shelter belt planting up to 5m effective height 40 m buffer comprising 10m wide native planting (<5m height); 10m wide shelter belt, 20m wide non-irrigated strip Fully Developed Stage when shelter belt planting at or above 5m effective height 30 m buffer comprising 10m wide native planting (<5m height); 10m shelter belt; 10m non-irrigated strip The non-irrigated strip will be created by ensuring centre-pivot irrigators turn off when they pass over the non-irrigated area close to the boundary. No centre-pivot or solid set irrigation will be undertaken within 150m of any existing dwelling. Trickle irrigation will be permitted up to the buffer boundary. Page 14
18 8 Management Consent and Compliance Management 8.1 Management Structure The Land Application System is owned by Manawatu District Council, whose staff are managed by its Chief Executive Officer. It is operated by operators at the FWWTP under the management of the Senior Wastewater Operator. The Senior Wastewater Operator reports to the Operations Manager, who reports to the Assets Group Manager. The asset is developed, maintained and funded through the Wastes Manager, who also reports to the Assets Group Manager, who in turn reports to the Chief Executive Officer. The Wastes Manager is responsible for obtaining resource consents and for compliance with any conditions. The Farm Manager is responsible to the Wastes Manager for the management of the LAS pasture, including harvesting and sale of the baleage, and is assisted by specialist consultants, AgResearch. Monitoring is carried out by the Laboratory Technician, who is based at the WWTP. The Laboratory Technician supplies monitoring data to the Wastes Manager, who in turn provides it to the Regional Council. There is close liaison among the Wastes Manager, the Operations Manager and the Senior Wastewater Operator on all aspects of the treatment plant, including the LAS. Assets Group Manager Operations Manager & Senior WW Operator Wastes Manager Operators Laboratory Technician Farm Manager The primary contact for liaison with the Regional Council is the Wastes Manager. Regional Council compliance officers on routine inspections will contact the Senior Operator and the Laboratory Technician. Page 15
19 8.2 Monitoring Roles Groundwater, water and wastewater monitoring (sampling and testing) will be carried out by the Laboratory Technician who will send results to the Regional Council as required by the relevant consent conditions. The Laboratory Technician will also collate results annually for the Wastes Manager to report to the Regional Council. Soil and pasture monitoring required by the relevant consent conditions will be carried out by AgResearch in June or July each year and the results will be provided to the Wastes Manager. The Wastes Manager will compile an annual monitoring report and provide it to the Regional Council as required by the relevant consent condition. The Wastes Manager will convene a meeting of those involved in the operation and monitoring of the consent to address the following items which are to be included in the report: a) operational improvements undertaken. b) recommendations on alterations/additions to the monitoring programmes. c) complaints received regarding the land application operation. d) feedback received from any community liaison activities. e) any other issue considered important by the Manawatu District Council. The information on when, where and how much wastewater has been applied to land will be recorded within the Irrigation Control System and supplied to Horizons Regional Council as required by the relevant condition. The Wastes Manager will use this data for the annual report. The Farm Manager will inspect the LAS monthly and immediately after each heavy rainfall event to identify any potential negative effect on soil, pasture or irrigation equipment and record any issues on an inspection record. The written inspection record will be stored at the FWWTP. The operators will call in the Farm Manager if they have any concerns. All complaints shall be logged and reported to the Regional Council within 24 hours of being lodged. As required by the relevant general condition, the Senior Wastewater Operator will log the complaint and respond as appropriate as well as providing details of the cause and any action required to address the complaint to the Regional Council. During the first season of operation, the following will be reported by operators to the Wastes Manager within 24 hours: Complaints Equipment breakdowns Pasture die-off Actual or potential non-compliances The Wastes Manager will determine the requirements for reporting before each subsequent season. 8.3 Limits The Wastes Manager will notify the Horizons Regional Council as soon as practicable and as a minimum requirement within 48 hours, of the consent holder becoming aware of the limits specified in conditions the resource consent being exceeded and/or of any accidental discharge, plant breakdown, or other circumstances which are likely to result in the limits of this resource consent being exceeded. Page 16
20 9 Public Access and Public Relations There will be no public access to the land application area. Information signs about the overall system shall be provided in four selected locations at the ends of the Makino stream and Oroua River bank walkways including. Northern Makino Stream walkway connection at Kawakawa Road Southern walkway connections to Boness Road at river and Kawakawa Road ends (2) Northern Oroua River walkway connection to FWWTP site access road Signage advising when the discharge of wastewater to the river at times of low river flow is occurring by means of lockable flap signs in the following two locations: On the riverbank on each side of the Boness Road/Milson Line ford. All reports submitted to the Regional Council under the consent will be made available to neighbours as agreed. A report on the operation of the FWWTP and the LAS will be published annually in a Manawatu District Council ratepayer newsletter. There will be one Open Day for the public during the first season of operation. 10 Updating the Management Plan Each annual report to the regional council will recommend any proposed changes to the LAMP. If Horizons does not oppose these proposals then the Manawatu District Council will advise neighbours of the changes that it intends to implement. The Manawatu District Council will provide two weeks for comment and will take into account any feedback from neighbours before proceeding to finalise any changes in an amended LAMP. Reasons to review the management could include: Recurrent maintenance problems. Design loadings are exceeded. Design loadings can be increased. Monitoring data indicates that environmental performance is inadequate. Consent conditions are not being met. Schedules in the Plan are not being consistently followed. An amended LAMP will be issued in draft to neighbours and Horizons as a draft, giving two weeks for comment, before being finalised and implemented. Page 17
21 Appendix A: Conditions of Consent for the LAS The final Conditions of Consent for Land Treatment of Treated Wastewater from Feilding Wastewater Treatment Plant are included here. General conditions which relate to all consents for the wastewater scheme treatment and disposal are also included.
22 Appendix B: Pasture Suitability and Management (AgResearch) Refer to Appendix P in AEE
23 Appendix C: Soils (Landcare Research) Refer to Appendix H in AEE
24 Appendix D: Irrigation Equipment To be inserted.
25 Appendix E: Irrigation Equipment Maintenance To be inserted.
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