Seasonal Source Water Quality and Treatment Challenges Town of Newburgh s Chadwick Lake Filtration Plant

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1 Seasonal Source Water Quality and Treatment Challenges Town of Newburgh s Chadwick Lake Filtration Plant Clayton Johnson GHD Kevin Castro GHD James Osborne Town of Newburgh Image placeholder

2 Outline Introduction and Scope Existing supply Background Water Quality Characterization Raw water Plant water Filter Biofouling Bench-Scale Testing Plant Improvements Questions

3 Introduction and scope existing supply Town of Newburgh, NY (Town) owns and operates a water supply system serving about 25,000 people Two sources of supply and two WTPs Chadwick Lake Filtration Plant (CLFP) Conventional surface water supply (3.2 MGD) Provides base load and backup when Delaware Aqueduct Tap (DAT) WTP is not in service intended to be primary supply until WQ issues occurred Delaware Aqueduct Tap (DAT) WTP Previously unfiltered supply (6 MGD) System demands Avg. + 3 MGD Max. Day + 5 MGD

4 Introduction and scope Chadwick Lake seasonally experiences elevated levels of manganese (Mn) Difficult to remove at CLFP Increased treatment costs and aesthetic water quality complaints ( brown or black water) during summer months Treatment challenges with conventional filtration process - changes in raw water quality since 2011 storms (Hurricane Irene) Greensand filtration - impacted by shortened filter runs and potential biofouling

5 Introduction and scope GHD commissioned to perform a study to evaluate CLFP treatment performance Study objectives Characterize Chadwick Lake water quality Characterize raw water quality changes since 2011 storms Process improvements Evaluate settling and filtration performance Evaluate filter biofouling potential Evaluate potential addition of ferrate Source: rricane_irene

6 Background Chadwick Lake Town of Newburgh

7 Background Chadwick Lake 820 MG reservoir Located within Hudson River drainage basin Avg. depth < 10 ft.; max. depth 32 ft. Surface area of 210 acres Dimictic complete mixing in spring and fall; thermal stratification in summer and winter Copper sulfate is added to reservoir as an algaecide up to 3 times per year to control algal growth Raw water intake at southern end of lake 6 ft. below water surface 36-inch diameter slotted drum screen intake with an air burst cleaning system

8 Background Chadwick Lake Filtration Plant Built in 1969 and rehabilitated in 1998 Greensand filtration constructed MGD capacity Avg. daily flow of 1.6 MGD Two parallel treatment trains 3.2 MGD

9 Background process flow diagram KMn0 4 PACL Orthophosphate PACL RAPID MIX FLOCCULATORS SEDIMENTATION TANK CHADWICK LAKE TRAVELING BRIDGE FILTERS MTP Bypass NaOCl NaF NaOH NaOCl CHLORINE CONTACT TANK AND CLEARWELL NaOCl Mn TREATMENT (Greensand) PLANT TO DISTRIBUTION

10 Water quality characterization

11 Water quality characterization Raw water Raw water quality Parameter Avg. Turbidity (NTU) Color (pcu) Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO 3 ) Manganese (mg/l) TOC (mg/l) Avg. raw water quality 6 months pre / post 2011 storms Time Frame ph Turbidity (NTU) Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO 3 ) Color (pcu) Mn (mg/l) February August September February

12 Water quality characterization Plant water Plant water - Mn and Fe (10/04/12) 7.0 Total Mn Dissolved Mn Total Fe (Resuspended) Dissolved Fe 6.0 Mn and Fe (mg/l) Sample Location

13 Water quality characterization Plant water Plant water ATP and HPC (10/04/12) 100,000,000 ATP (Unfiltered) HPC ,000, ATP (cells/ml) 1,000, ,000 10,000 1, HPC (cfu/ml) Sample Location

14 Filter biofouling

15 Filter biofouling Plant water - ATP Data (February-May 2014) 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 ATP (cells/ml) 100,000 10,000 1, Raw Sand Filter Feed Sand Filter Discharge Finished Water (Pump-out) Date

16 Filter biofouling Sand filter media ATP data (March 2013 March 2014) ATP (cells/ml) 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Sand Filter Feed Sand Filter Media No. 1 Sand Filter Media No. 2 Sand Filter Discharge Sampling Event

17 Bench-scale testing

18 Bench-scale testing Testing objectives Evaluate alternative coagulants Optimize coagulant dosage Optimize ph Evaluate coagulant aid polymers Evaluate ferrate Parameters analyzed Settled and filtered water turbidity UV-254 absorbance Filterability index Trihalomethane (THMFP) and Haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP)

19 Bench-scale testing - ferrate Ferrate is a supercharged iron molecule in which iron is in the plus six oxidation state In aqueous solution ferrate can act as an oxidant, coagulant, and disinfectant Unstable at neutral ph and must be produced on site Ferrate Treatment Technologies, LLC performed testing Ferrate testing results Ferrate Dose (mg/l) Residual Iron (mg/l) Relative Turbidity (1) (NTU) Filterability Index UV-254 (cm -1 ) Filtered (1) THMFP (ug/l) HAAFP (ug/l) Filtered (2) Raw Water (1) Measured by a spectrophotometer; does not represent true turbidity values. (2) Filtered through 5.0 micron nylon membrane filter.

20 Bench-scale testing - summary UV-254 Absorbance (cm -1 ) SETTLED FILTERED Treatment

21 Bench-scale testing Ranking Weighting Factor Treatment 20% 20% 20% 40% Overall Rank Turbidity Filterability Index UV-254 Capital and O&M Cost PCH182=80 mg/l FS=70 mg/l l ph=no Adj PCH182=80 mg/l l ph= FS=70 mg/l l ph= Ferrate=4 mg/l FS=70 mg/l l ph=6.0 l Cat. Polym.=0.2 mg/l

22 Plant improvements

23 Plant improvements - Operational 1. Monitor raw water and CLFP water quality 2. Monitor filter performance and biomass accumulation 3. Examine potential sources of fouling intake areas, piping, and sediment levels within the reservoir 4. Dose KMnO 4 based on raw water Mn concentrations, Fe concentrations, and demand from TOC; rather than KMnO 4 residual 5. Routinely assess concentrations and forms (particulate, colloidal, dissolved) of Mn across treatment processes to determine the effectiveness of Mn removal

24 Plant improvements Capital 1. Further investigate installation of a multi inlet raw water intake 2. Disinfect upstream of filtration to control bio-growth ClO 2 - demonstration testing Cl 2 - bench-scale testing 3. Consider alternate sources (New York City supplies) of raw water supply

25 Questions? Please contact Clayton Johnson at

26 Bench-scale testing Jar Testing Procedure Rapid Mix RPM = 300 Duration (sec.) = 30 Flocculation RPM = 40/30/15 Duration (min.) = 5/5/5 Settling RPM = 0 Duration (min.) = 10 Coagulants screened Coagulant Name Specific Gravity Percent Active Ingredient ph Coagulant Type Coagulant Manufacturer PCH 182 (1) % 2.6 High Basicity PACL Holland Company, Inc. SternPac % 2.6 Medium Basicity PACL Kemira Aluminum Chlorohydrate % 2.6 High Basicity/High Aluminum PACL Kemira Aluminum Sulfate % 3.5 Alum Kemira Ferric Sulfate % 1.5 Iron Salt Kemira Ferric Chloride % 1.5 Iron Salt Kemira (1) Current coagulant used at the CLFP

27 Bench-scale testing Optimized jar testing results Coagulant Coagulant Dosage (mg/l) Target ph ph Turbidity (NTU) Settled Filtered (2) Filterability Index Raw Water PCH Ferric Sulfate-Cationic Polymer (1) (1) CAP dosage = 0.2 mg/l (2) Filtered through 5.0 micron nylon membrane filter. (3) Raw Water DOC = 5.9 (4) Performed on 5.0 micron filtered samples Coagulant Coagulant Dosage (mg/l) Target ph UV-254 (cm -1 ) Filtered (2) TOC (mg/l) Settled Filtered (2) THMFP (ug/l) HAAFP (ug/l) Raw Water (3) PCH (4) 98 (4) Ferric Sulfate-Cationic Polymer (1) (4) 60 (4) (1) CAP dosage = 0.2 mg/l (2) Filtered through 5.0 micron nylon membrane filter. (3) Raw Water DOC = 5.9 (4) Performed on 5.0 micron filtered samples

28 Bench-scale testing - summary 3.00 SETTLED FILTERED 2.50 Turbidity (NTU) Treatment

29 Bench-scale testing Summary results Treatment Temp. ( o C) ph Turbidity (NTU) Settled Filtered (1) Filterability Index UV-254 (cm -1 ) Filtered (1) Raw Water Ferrate=4 mg/l (3) (3) PCH182=80 mg/l PCH182=80 mg/l l ph= FS=70 mg/l l ph=no Adj FS=70 mg/l l ph= FS=70 mg/l l ph=6.0 l Cat. Polym.=0.2 mg/l (1) Filtered through 5.0 micron nylon membrane filter. (2) ph adjusted with ferric iron. (3) Not reported due to inaccurate method used for measurement. Ranking Weighting Factor Treatment 20% 20% 20% 40% Turbidity Filterability Index UV-254 Filtered Capital and O&M Cost Overall Rank PCH182=80 mg/l FS=70 mg/l l ph=no Adj PCH182=80 mg/l l ph= FS=70 mg/l l ph= Ferrate=4 mg/l Tifft Water Supply 5 Symposium

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