The Hydrological Cycle. Hydrological Cycle. Definition of Terms. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Hydrological Cycle. Hydrological Cycle. Definition of Terms. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 1"

Transcription

1 The Hydrological Cycle Water vapor helps warm up the earth Evaporation+Transpiration Chemical Spill Runoff To Oceans Water potential, atmosphere Hydrological Cycle Transpiration, T Atmospheric pool Interception Precipitation, P Evaporation, E E Infiltration SOIL Water potential, soil Surface storage Soil storage, SS Runoff, R Groundwater level BEDROCK Capillary Rise, CR Percolation, Pc Groundwater storage Water Balance: P + CR = R + SS + ET + Pc Definition of Terms Runoff: Part of the precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that appears in surface streams, rivers, drains or sewers. Evapotranspiration (evaporation + transpiration): the process of liquid water becoming water vapor, including vaporization from water surfaces, land surfaces, snow fields and leaf surfaces. Infiltration: flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface. Percolation: The movement of water through the openings in rock or soil that contributes to ground water replenishment. Capillary action: the means by which liquid moves through the porous spaces in soils due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. Aquifer: a geologic formation that stores and/or transmits water, such as to wells and springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to those water-bearing formations capable of yielding water in sufficient quantity to constitute a usable supply for people's uses. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 1

2 Distribution of World Water 3,800 ml 114 ml (3%) ~ 1 ml ~ 0.5 ml or 1 drop Very dynamic property! SCAN plotter at Monthly Soil Water Index (SWI) for the years Source: Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 2

3 Soils and the Hydrosphere Pool Volume (%) Equivalent depth (m) Residence time Oceans ~4000 y Lakes, and swamps < ~10 y Rivers < ~2 weeks Soil moisture < Up to 1 y Groundwater Up to 10,000 y Ice 2 60 Up to 10,000 y Atmosphere < ~ 10 days Biosphere < ~ 1 week Estimates of the water balance of the world (modified from Freeze and Cherry, 1979) Soil Water (Moisture) Small proportion of water in soil, but relatively large residence time: Enough time for chemical and biological processes to take place. Seasonal influence of soil moisture on climate (memory of the land). Significant effort to measure and model soil moisture at the global scale: Important for agricultural production There appears to be areas in the world where soil water content is closely linked to precipitation. humid semiarid arid The soil is modeled as bucket that stores water until is filled. The excess typically moves downward (percolation). During the growing season the bucket is emptied by water uptake (evapotranspiration). Climate and soil properties (water retention) determines the amount of water in the bucket over the course of the year. Figure 6.16 Generalized curves for precipitation and evapotranspiration for three temperate zone regions: (a) a humid region, (b) a semiarid region, and (c) an irrigated arid region. Note the absence of percolation through the soil in the semiarid region. In each case water is stored in the soil. This water is released later when evapotranspiration demands exceed the precipitation. In the semiarid region evapotranspiration would likely be much higher if ample soil moisture were available. In the irrigated arid region soil, the very high evapotranspiration needs are supplied by irrigation. Soil moisture stored in the spring is utilized by later summer growth and lost through evaporation during the late fall and winter. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 3

4 Rainfall/Evaporation (mm) Precipitation and Evaporation for the New Brunswick Area Evaporation Precipitation 0 1/1/08 3/1/08 4/30/08 6/29/08 8/28/08 10/27/08 12/26/08 Date (month) Figure 6.13 Partitioning of liquid water losses (discharge) and vapor losses (evaporation and transpiration) in regions varying from low (arid) to high (humid) levels of annual precipitation. The example shown assumes that temperatures are constant across the regions of differing rainfall. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is somewhat higher in the low-rainfall zones because the lower relative humidity there increases the vapor pressure gradient at a given temperature. Evaporation (E) represents a much greater proportion of total vapor losses (ET) in the drier regions due to sparse plant cover caused by interplant competition for water. The greater the gap between PET and ET, the greater the deficit and the more serious the water stress to which plants are subject. (Diagram courtesy of R. Weil) Percolation: Function of Climate and Soil Figure 6.17 Percentage of the water entering the soil that is lost by downward percolation and by evapotranspiration. Representative figures are shown for different climatic regions. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 4

5 Soil Water Potential and Plants Water potential, atmosphere Water potential, soil How do plants get the water to the top of their canopy? Could any mechanism we have learned explain this process? Saturated Conductivity and Trees? Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 5

6 Rooting Depth Source: Canadell, J., R.B. Jackson, J.R. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney, O.E. Sala, and E.-D. Schulze Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia 108: Effect of Compaction on Root Growth Herbivore Diversity and Soils Legend to Figure 2: Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 6

7 Competing Water Uses Soil Climate Limitations to Agriculture Climate driven Soil driven Soil driven Source: Linking Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security K. Wiebe. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Economic Report No Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 7

8 Food Production and Water Requirement A diet of 2,800 calories/person/day requires about 1,000 m 3 of water. Acreages of Irrigated Land Surface Water Withdrawals Withdrawal: water removed from a ground- or surface-water source for use. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 8

9 Groundwater Withdrawals Fresh Water in Aquifers: a Renewable Resource? About 1,500,000 km 3 of fresh water held in aquifers. Much of ground water is fossil water (no-active exchange with the earth surface). Source: Water in a Changing World Issues in Ecology # 9. Main Aquifer Types in the USA Sandstone Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks Carbonate Rocks Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Source: Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 9

10 Unconsolidated or Semiconsolidated Aquifers Sand and gravel aquifers of alluvial and glacial origin are north of the line of continental glaciation. Semiconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers. Unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers at or near the land surface. Source: Subsidence by Groundwater Pumping Regional Effects of Groundwater Pumping Depletion of groundwater can cause : General subsidence of the surface and compaction, which reduces the storage capacity of the aquifer (ex, San Joaquin Valley). Excess irrigation in may induce the formation of sinkholes and other alterations of the landscape. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 10

11 Subsidence Approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States. Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and The site is in the San Joaquin Valley southwest of Mendota, California. Crack in the ground near an irrigation canal Subsidence Sinkhole produced by irrigation Figure 6.19 Relationship of the water table and groundwater to water movement into and out of the soil. Precipitation and irrigation water move down the soil profile under the influence of gravity (gravitational water), ultimately reaching the water table and underlying shallow groundwater. The unsaturated zone above the water table is known as the vadose zone (upper right). As water is removed from the soil by evapotranspiration, groundwater moves up from the water table by capillarity in what is termed the capillary fringe. Groundwater also moves horizontally down the slope toward a nearby stream, carrying with it chemicals that have leached through the soil, including essential plant nutrients (N, P, Ca, etc.) as well as pesticides and other pollutants from domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes. Groundwaters are major sources of water for wells, the shallow ones removing water from the groundwater near the surface, while deep wells exploit deep and usually large groundwater reserves. Two plumes of pollution are shown, one originating from landfill leachate, the other from a chemical spill. The former appears to be contaminating the shallow well. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 11

12 Water Pollution Agriculture, industry and urban areas are the main sources of water pollution. Common water contaminants are: Sediments, Phosphorus, nitrates and sulfates, Pesticides and herbicides. Postcard developed by the Bureau of Land and Water Quality of the State of Maine as part of a campaign to prevent soil erosion. Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 12

CHAPTER 13 OUTLINE The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater. Hydrologic cycle. Hydrologic cycle cont.

CHAPTER 13 OUTLINE The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater. Hydrologic cycle. Hydrologic cycle cont. CHAPTER 13 OUTLINE The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. Hydrologic cycle The hydrologic cycle is

More information

East Maui Watershed Partnership Adapted from Utah State University and University of Wisconsin Ground Water Project Ages 7 th -Adult

East Maui Watershed Partnership Adapted from Utah State University and University of Wisconsin Ground Water Project Ages 7 th -Adult INTRODUCTION What is groundwater? Water contained in saturated soil and rock materials below the surface of the earth. It is not NEW water, but is recycled water through the hydraulic cycle. The source

More information

Lecture 11: Water Flow; Soils and the Hydrologic Cycle

Lecture 11: Water Flow; Soils and the Hydrologic Cycle Lecture 11: Water Flow; Soils and the Hydrologic Cycle Water Flow in Soils Types of Water Flow in Soil Saturated flow: Soil pores completely filled with water; controlled by the hydrostatic potential After

More information

Introduction. Welcome to the Belgium Study Abroad Program. Courses:

Introduction. Welcome to the Belgium Study Abroad Program. Courses: Introduction Welcome to the Belgium Study Abroad Program Courses: AGSM 335: Soil and Water Management BAEN 460: Principals of Environmental Hydrology BAEN 460 / AGSM 335 Combined lecture and HW sessions

More information

SOIL AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

SOIL AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE GEOLOGY 408/508 SOIL AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE CHAPTER 6 Brady & Weil, Rev. 14th ed. THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE (FIGURE 6.2) WATER BALANCE EQUATION Watershed - an area of land drained by a single stream system

More information

BAEN 673 / February 18, 2016 Hydrologic Processes

BAEN 673 / February 18, 2016 Hydrologic Processes BAEN 673 / February 18, 2016 Hydrologic Processes Assignment: HW#7 Next class lecture in AEPM 104 Today s topics SWAT exercise #2 The SWAT model review paper Hydrologic processes The Hydrologic Processes

More information

Unit 2: Weather Dynamics Chapter 1: Hydrological Cycle

Unit 2: Weather Dynamics Chapter 1: Hydrological Cycle UNIT 2 Chapter 1: Inquiring about Weather Unit 2: Weather Dynamics Chapter 1: Hydrological Cycle Science 10 Mrs. Purba Importance of H 2 O From the beginning of time when water first appeared, it has been

More information

WATER AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

WATER AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE WATER AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Summary Water is essential for the support of life and can be considered as a fundamental environmental good. Water is needed to support human habitation, grow crops and

More information

GLY 155 Introduction to Physical Geology, W. Altermann. Grotzinger Jordan. Understanding Earth. Sixth Edition

GLY 155 Introduction to Physical Geology, W. Altermann. Grotzinger Jordan. Understanding Earth. Sixth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 17: THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GROUNDWATER 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 17 The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater 1 About the Hydrologic

More information

Understanding Earth Fifth Edition

Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Press Siever Chapter 17: THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GROUNDWATER Lecturer: H Mohammadzadeh Assistant professors, Department of Geology, FUM Copyright 2007

More information

Issue paper: Aquifer Water Balance

Issue paper: Aquifer Water Balance Issue paper: Aquifer Water Balance 1. Introduction And Background 1.1. Purpose and Scope The population in Kitsap County has grown rapidly in recent years and is expected to increase substantially in the

More information

NATURAL FEATURES, LAND SUITABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCERNS

NATURAL FEATURES, LAND SUITABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCERNS East Central Wayne County Comprehensive Plan - Natural Features, Land Suitability Page 170 NATURAL FEATURES, LAND SUITABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCERNS Introduction The residents of East

More information

Water Resources on PEI: an overview and brief discussion of challenges

Water Resources on PEI: an overview and brief discussion of challenges Water Resources on PEI: an overview and brief discussion of challenges Components: Components and links Atmospheric water Surface water (including glacial water) Groundwater Links: Precipitation (atm(

More information

Definitions 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology

Definitions 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology Definitions Streamflow volume of water in a river passing a defined point over a specific time period = VxA discharge m 3 s -1 Runoff excess precipitation - precipitation

More information

Term Info Picture. The process by which liquid water changes to gas. The process by which water vapor changes in to liquid water.

Term Info Picture. The process by which liquid water changes to gas. The process by which water vapor changes in to liquid water. Water Cycle S6E3. Obtain, evaluate and communicate information to recognize the significant role of water in Earth s processes. A. Ask questions to determine where water is located on Earth s surface (oceans,

More information

Groundwater Hydrology

Groundwater Hydrology Groundwater Hydrology Þröstur Þorsteinsson Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland Why study groundwater? Important source of fresh water Large portion of the Earth s fresh water as groundwater

More information

Lecture 20: Groundwater Introduction

Lecture 20: Groundwater Introduction Lecture 20: Groundwater Introduction Key Questions for Groundwater 1. What is an aquifer? 2. What is an unconfined aquifer? 3. What is groundwater recharge? 4. What is porosity? What determines the magnitude

More information

Overview. Students will...

Overview. Students will... Overview Students will... Understand the interaction between ground water and surface water. Observe the difference between a permeable layer and an impermeable layer in an aquifer. See how water is stored

More information

Hydrologic cycle, runoff process

Hydrologic cycle, runoff process Hydrologic cycle, runoff process Motivation of hydrological modelling What happens at the catchment and in the stream when it rains? How does the increased/decreased runoff affect (not only) the landowners

More information

WATERSHED. Maitland Valley. Report Card 201

WATERSHED. Maitland Valley. Report Card 201 Maitland Valley WATERSHED Report Card 201 The Maitland Valley Conservation Authority has prepared this report card as a summary on the state of our forests, wetlands, surface water, and ground water resources.

More information

Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils

Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils What are Nutrient (biogeochemical) Cycles? a process by which nutrients are recycled between living organisms and nonliving environment. The three general types of nutrient

More information

The Hydrosphere: Lecture 8: Groundwater. Paul R. Houser,27 March 2012, Page 1

The Hydrosphere: Lecture 8: Groundwater. Paul R. Houser,27 March 2012, Page 1 The Hydrosphere: Lecture 8: Groundwater Paul R. Houser,27 March 2012, Page 1 Groundwater How is groundwater formed? What are the zones of subsurface water and their characteristics? What is a water table,

More information

M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L. Liang, N. Ohara Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis

M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L. Liang, N. Ohara Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis Assessment of the Restoration Activities on Water Balance and Water Quality at Last Chance Creek Watershed Using Watershed Environmental Hydrology (WEHY) Model M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L.

More information

Unit 5 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 5 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Water on the Move warm up 1 Water on the Move About three-fourths of Earth s surface is covered by water. Water on the Move Video!!! Water on the Move Water moves between Earth s surface and the atmosphere

More information

NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Please pick up Syllabus, Reading Material & Today s Lab on the Table in the Front Dick Schultz Instructor Sara Berges Teaching Assistant January 13, 2009 1. Conduct Get

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 7574-1 - Page 1 1) The diagram below shows the result of leaving an empty, dry clay flowerpot in a full container of water for a period of time. The water level in the container dropped to level

More information

TEKS Lesson 7.8C: Effects of Human Activity on Surface Water and Groundwater

TEKS Lesson 7.8C: Effects of Human Activity on Surface Water and Groundwater Class ----- Date -------- TEKS Lesson 7.SC TEKS 7.8e Model the effects of human activity on groundwater surface water in a watershed. and TEKS Lesson 7.8C: Effects of Human Activity on Surface Water and

More information

Basics Course. Montana. Introduction to Drinking Water Systems. for small public drinking water systems serving less than 3,300 people

Basics Course. Montana. Introduction to Drinking Water Systems. for small public drinking water systems serving less than 3,300 people Basics Course for small public drinking water systems serving less than 3,300 people Montana Montana Basics Course for Small Public Drinking Water Systems -1 Introduction to Drinking Water Systems Welcome

More information

Freshwater. 260 Points Total

Freshwater. 260 Points Total 9 SURFACE WATER SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. (13 points) 1. An excessive amount of water

More information

EART 204. Water. Dr. Slawek Tulaczyk. Earth Sciences, UCSC

EART 204. Water. Dr. Slawek Tulaczyk. Earth Sciences, UCSC EART 204 Water Dr. Slawek Tulaczyk Earth Sciences, UCSC 1 Water is an amazing liquid, (high heat capacity - particularly in phase transitions, maximum density at ca. 4 deg. C) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Basin Hydrologic

More information

Chapter 6 Water Resources

Chapter 6 Water Resources Chapter 6 Water Resources Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen 1 Water Resources The Hydrologic Cycle Groundwater Resources Our Water Supply The Hydrologic Cycle A Hydrologic

More information

Hydrologic Cycle. Water Availabilty. Surface Water. Groundwater

Hydrologic Cycle. Water Availabilty. Surface Water. Groundwater Hydrologic Cycle Hydrologic ydoogccyce cycle Surface Water Groundwater Water Availabilty 1 Hydrologic Cycle Constant movement of water above, on, and, below the earth s surface (Heath) Endless circulation

More information

NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Day 2

NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Day 2 NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 1-15-09 - Day 2 1. Review Hydrologic Cycle Terminology/Model 2. Summarize Differences Cropfield vs Perennial Watershed 3. Tues Lab Develop International River PPT bring

More information

Hydrology and Water Management. Dr. Mujahid Khan, UET Peshawar

Hydrology and Water Management. Dr. Mujahid Khan, UET Peshawar Hydrology and Water Management Dr. Mujahid Khan, UET Peshawar Course Outline Hydrologic Cycle and its Processes Water Balance Approach Estimation and Analysis of Precipitation Data Infiltration and Runoff

More information

Introduction to Drinking Water Systems. Indiana Basics Course for Small Public Drinking Water Systems -1

Introduction to Drinking Water Systems. Indiana Basics Course for Small Public Drinking Water Systems -1 Introduction to Drinking Water Systems Indiana Basics Course for Small Public Drinking Water Systems -1 Welcome to Lesson 1: Introduction to Drinking Water Systems! To operate a public water system, you

More information

M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L. Liang, N. Ohara Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis

M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L. Liang, N. Ohara Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis Assessment of the Restoration Activities on Water Balance and Water Quality at Last Chance Creek Watershed Using Watershed Environmental Hydrology (WEHY) Model M.L. Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, M. Anderson, L.

More information

Hydrology Review, New paradigms, and Challenges

Hydrology Review, New paradigms, and Challenges Hydrology Review, New paradigms, and Challenges Intent quick introduction with emphasis on aspects related to watershed hydrochemistry and new paradigms Watershed / Catchment Definition Portion of landscape

More information

1.6 Influence of Human Activities and Land use Changes on Hydrologic Cycle

1.6 Influence of Human Activities and Land use Changes on Hydrologic Cycle 1.6 Influence of Human Activities and Land use Changes on Hydrologic Cycle Watersheds are subjected to many types of changes, major or minor, for various reasons. Some of these are natural changes and

More information

Factors affecting evaporation 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology. Several factors affect the rate of evaporation from surfaces:

Factors affecting evaporation 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology. Several factors affect the rate of evaporation from surfaces: GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology Some definitions Evaporation conversion of a liquid to a vapour Transpiration that part of evaporation which enters the atmosphere through plants Total Evaporation

More information

CEE6400 Physical Hydrology

CEE6400 Physical Hydrology CEE6400 Physical Hydrology Midterm Review Learning Objectives (what you should be able to do) Hydrologic data, the hydrologic cycle and water balance (HW 1) Work with hydrologic data, quantify uncertainty

More information

GY 111 Lecture Note Series Groundwater and Hydrogeology

GY 111 Lecture Note Series Groundwater and Hydrogeology GY 111 Lecture Notes D. Haywick (2008-09) 1 GY 111 Lecture Note Series Groundwater and Hydrogeology Lecture Goals A) The hydrologic cycle B) Groundwater dynamics C) Mapping groundwater (done in class not

More information

EFFECTS OF WATERSHED TOPOGRAPHY, SOILS, LAND USE, AND CLIMATE ON BASEFLOW HYDROLOGY IN HUMID REGIONS: A REVIEW

EFFECTS OF WATERSHED TOPOGRAPHY, SOILS, LAND USE, AND CLIMATE ON BASEFLOW HYDROLOGY IN HUMID REGIONS: A REVIEW PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY EFFECTS OF WATERSHED TOPOGRAPHY, SOILS, LAND USE, AND CLIMATE ON BASEFLOW HYDROLOGY IN HUMID REGIONS: A REVIEW KATIE PRICE 2011 Presented by: Jordan Martin Article Overview

More information

Natural and Urban Stormwater Water Cycles

Natural and Urban Stormwater Water Cycles Natural and Urban Stormwater Water Cycles Our planet is covered by water, an astonishing 71 percent! Planet Water? If the world was uniform all the way around, water would cover the planet to a depth of

More information

Watersheds and the Hydrologic Cycle

Watersheds and the Hydrologic Cycle Watersheds and the Hydrologic Cycle The Global Hydrologic Cycle Water Cycle in Florida Florida Water Facts Surface Area = 170,452 km 2 Average Rainfall = 140 cm (55 ) Total Annual Rain = 238 billion m

More information

Introduction to Groundwater. Photo: Joanne Offer/The IRC

Introduction to Groundwater. Photo: Joanne Offer/The IRC Introduction to Groundwater Photo: Joanne Offer/The IRC Groundwater Groundwater is water that has permeated or percolated into the ground. It is an important part of the water cycle. Groundwater is an

More information

Water: A Valuable, Yet Limited Resource

Water: A Valuable, Yet Limited Resource Water: A Valuable, Yet Limited Resource Subject: Science Target Grades 4-5 Duration: One class period Materials per class 3 100-ml graduated cylinders container of water (10-ml/student) Water Cycle with

More information

The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity

The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity Edexcel Geography A-level The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity PMT Education Written by Jeevan Singh The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity Enquiry question 1: What are the processes operating within the

More information

Wisconsin s Buried Treasure

Wisconsin s Buried Treasure Wisconsin s Buried Treasure Kevin Masarik Center for Watershed Science and Education Through the University of Wisconsin-Extension, all Wisconsin people can access University resources and engage in lifelong

More information

Hydrology 101. Impacts of the Urban Environment. Nokomis Knolls Pond Summer June 2008

Hydrology 101. Impacts of the Urban Environment. Nokomis Knolls Pond Summer June 2008 Hydrology 101 Nokomis Knolls Pond Summer 2002 Impacts of the Urban Environment Hydrologic Cycle; What is it? Geography, Topography, Geology, Land Cover and Climate determine the Amount and Behavior of

More information

Awesome Aquifers A DEMONSTRATION. THE GROUNDWATER FOUNDATION

Awesome Aquifers A DEMONSTRATION. THE GROUNDWATER FOUNDATION Awesome Aquifers A DEMONSTRATION THE GROUNDWATER FOUNDATION www.groundwater.org Groundwater is water found underground in the spaces and cracks between rocks, sand, soil and clay. Groundwater is stored

More information

Design Guideline for Gravity Systems in Soil Type 1. January 2009

Design Guideline for Gravity Systems in Soil Type 1. January 2009 Design Guideline for Gravity Systems in Soil Type 1 January 2009 This page is intentionally blank. Design Guideline for Gravity Systems in Soil Type 1 January 2009 For information or additional copies

More information

7-4 Soil. By Cyndee Crawford September 2014

7-4 Soil. By Cyndee Crawford September 2014 7-4 Soil By Cyndee Crawford September 2014 Soil Table of Contents 28.Chemical Weathering Lab 29.What is a Watershed? / Watershed Demo 30.Groundwater Layers Book 31.Groundwater Notes 32.What is an aquifer?

More information

Water Account, Mauritius 2013

Water Account, Mauritius 2013 Republic of Mauritius Water Account, Mauritius 2013 Statistics Mauritius, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development June 15 Contents Foreword... III List of Symbols and Abbreviations... IV 1. Introduction...

More information

The Returning Raindrop

The Returning Raindrop Did you know that some of the water molecules we drink today may have been around when dinosaurs walked the Earth thousands of years ago? Water is continuously recycling in a process called the hydrologic

More information

Lecture 1: Hydrologic cycle

Lecture 1: Hydrologic cycle 1-1 GEOG415 Lecture 1: Hydrologic cycle Hydrologic cycle is ultimately driven by solar radiation, which evaporates water from the ocean and lift it up in the atmosphere. Dunne & Leopold, 1978, Fig. 1-1

More information

Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Chapter 3. Stormwater Management Principles and Recommended Control Guidelines

Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Chapter 3. Stormwater Management Principles and Recommended Control Guidelines Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Chapter 3 Stormwater Management Principles and Recommended Control Guidelines 363-0300-002 / December 30, 2006 Chapter 3 Stormwater Management Principles

More information

LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE

LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 3 4 5 2 5 1B 6B 1A 6A 7 6C LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE 1A. Evaporation of water from oceans 1B. Evaporation of water from land sources (water and

More information

(this cover page left intentionally blank)

(this cover page left intentionally blank) 4. Siting the Well (this cover page left intentionally blank) 4. Siting the Well Chapter Table of Contents Chapter Table of Contents Chapter Description... 4 Regulatory Requirements Well Siting... 4 Relevant

More information

Our Eastern Shore Groundwater Part IV Groundwater Quality on the Eastern Shore: How safe is our groundwater and are there ways we can protect it?

Our Eastern Shore Groundwater Part IV Groundwater Quality on the Eastern Shore: How safe is our groundwater and are there ways we can protect it? Our Eastern Shore Groundwater Part IV Groundwater Quality on the Eastern Shore: How safe is our groundwater and are there ways we can protect it? Britt McMillan, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. Mercury Venus Mars

More information

Isotope hydrology: Stable isotopes in water resources assessment IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

Isotope hydrology: Stable isotopes in water resources assessment IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Isotope hydrology: Stable isotopes in water resources assessment Luis Araguás Workshop on Flow-path characterization, Munich, 29 June 2010 International Atomic Energy Agency Isotope Hydrology Section Outline

More information

Chapter 2: Aquifers and groundwater

Chapter 2: Aquifers and groundwater Chapter 2: Aquifers and groundwater Groundwater movement through aquifers is driven by differences in groundwater levels or pressure and is controlled by how porous the material is that it passes through.

More information

Niche and Habitat a species plays in a community. What it does all

Niche and Habitat a species plays in a community. What it does all Ecosystem Dynamics What is ecology? Study of the interactions between parts of the environment Connections in nature Abiotic: soil comp. Biotic: and Abiotic and Biotic factors factors in the environment

More information

An Overview of JULES. Christina Bakopoulou

An Overview of JULES. Christina Bakopoulou An Overview of JULES Christina Bakopoulou JULES, MOSES AND TRIFFID JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) is a new land surface model Joint initiative: NERC through the CEH, CLASSIC, QUEST and the

More information

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs How Ecosystems Work Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS Heterotrophs get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS Two Main forms of

More information

INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY

INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY This is a handbook for owners of Hobby Farms - small scale farms operated primarily as a residential lifestyle - to provide their owners with

More information

Understanding Groundwater. December 9, 2015

Understanding Groundwater. December 9, 2015 Understanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board Graham Fogg, University of California,

More information

Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)

Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) Biology 20 Chapter 2.1_keyed Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.1 The Role of Water in the Cycles of Matter (pages 34 40) Due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, water has several unique

More information

Long Island: Water Resources. Water Sayings. Water Issues. Water Quality Issues specific to LI Coastal Areas. Agriculture and Water Regulation

Long Island: Water Resources. Water Sayings. Water Issues. Water Quality Issues specific to LI Coastal Areas. Agriculture and Water Regulation Water Sayings Long Island: Water Resources Copyright 2011 AFG 1 All living things need water to survive after air. Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink. The quality of water is just as important

More information

Battle for the Biosphere

Battle for the Biosphere Battle for the Biosphere Biome: A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region e.g. the Tropical rainforest. Biosphere: The parts of the land, sea and atmosphere where organisms

More information

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER 2/3rds of the Earth s surface is covered in. water Earth s aquatic ecosystems contain biomass more (living mass) than its terrestrial ecosystems. Phytoplankton are microscopic producers

More information

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystem Ecology Examines Interactions Between the Living and Non-Living World Ecosystem- A particular location on Earth distinguished by its particular mix of interacting

More information

Saturated Buffer. Subsurface Drainage PURPOSE N REDUCTION LOCATION COST BARRIERS

Saturated Buffer. Subsurface Drainage PURPOSE N REDUCTION LOCATION COST BARRIERS Saturated Buffer To intercept tile drainage prior to discharging to surface waters and redistribute the water laterally in the soil profile of the streamside buffer. Subsurface drainage, also known as

More information

Arctic Sea Ice. Background Information

Arctic Sea Ice. Background Information Arctic Sea Ice Objectives 1. Students will construct graphs of the extent of sea ice over time. 2. Students will use technology to analyze data and draw conclusions about natural phenomena in the Arctic

More information

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Tuesday, September 19, 17

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Tuesday, September 19, 17 Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Reversing Deforestation in Haiti Answers the following: Why is deforestation in Haiti so common? What the negative impacts of deforestation? Name three actions intended counteract

More information

ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important

ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important ECOSYSTEMS Follow along in chapter 54 *Means less important How do ecosystems function? What is an ecosystem? All living things in an area and their abiotic environment Ecosystem function can be easily

More information

Afternoon Lecture Outline. Northern Prairie Hydrology

Afternoon Lecture Outline. Northern Prairie Hydrology Afternoon Lecture Outline 1. Northern Prairies watershed hydrology 2. Solute mass balance in lakes and ponds 3. Simple mass balance simulation using MS Excel 4. Effects of sediment-water exchange on lake

More information

7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007

7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007 Global Nutrient Cycling - Biogeochemical Cycles 7.14 Lecture 2: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 27 Uptake Bioelements in Solution Weathering Precipitation Terrestrial Biomass Decomposition Volatile Elements

More information

Runoff Processes. Daene C. McKinney

Runoff Processes. Daene C. McKinney CE 374 K Hydrology Runoff Processes Daene C. McKinney Watershed Watershed Area draining to a stream Streamflow generated by water entering surface channels Affected by Physical, vegetative, and climatic

More information

3/1/18 USING RADAR FOR WETLAND MAPPING IMPORTANCE OF SOIL MOISTURE TRADITIONAL METHODS TO MEASURE SOIL MOISTURE. Feel method Electrical resistance

3/1/18 USING RADAR FOR WETLAND MAPPING IMPORTANCE OF SOIL MOISTURE TRADITIONAL METHODS TO MEASURE SOIL MOISTURE. Feel method Electrical resistance 3/1/18 USING RADAR FOR WETLAND MAPPING SOIL MOISTURE AND WETLAND CLASSIFICATION Slides modified from a presentation by Charlotte Gabrielsen for this class. Southeast Arizona: Winter wet period From C.

More information

THE SPAW MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL FIELD AND POND HYDROLOGIC SI... SIMULATION

THE SPAW MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL FIELD AND POND HYDROLOGIC SI... SIMULATION THE SPAW MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL FIELD AND POND HYDROLOGIC SI... Page 1 of 36 THE SPAW MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL FIELD AND POND HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION Dr. Keith E. Saxton 1 and Mr. Patrick H. Willey 2 1 Research

More information

NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?)

NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?) NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?) Why? We have learned the importance of recycling our trash. It allows us to use something again for another purpose and prevents the loss

More information

Ch 18. Hydrologic Cycle and streams. Tom Bean

Ch 18. Hydrologic Cycle and streams. Tom Bean Ch 18. Hydrologic Cycle and streams Tom Bean Wednesday s outline 1. the hydrologic cycle reservoirs cycling between them Evaporation and the atmosphere 2. Surface hydrology infiltration and soil moisture

More information

Iowa Senate Natural Resources Committee February 3, 2015

Iowa Senate Natural Resources Committee February 3, 2015 Iowa Senate Natural Resources Committee February 3, 2015 Dr. Matthew Helmers Dean s Professor, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences Professor, Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering mhelmers@iastate.edu,

More information

15.1 Life in the Earth System. KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth s four interconnected systems.

15.1 Life in the Earth System. KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth s four interconnected systems. 15.1 Life in the Earth System KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth s four interconnected systems. 15.1 Life in the Earth System The biosphere is the portion of Earth that is inhabited by life. The

More information

Understanding Environmental Impacts of Horticulture

Understanding Environmental Impacts of Horticulture Lesson A1 3 Understanding Environmental Impacts of Horticulture Unit A. Horticultural Science Problem Area 1. Exploring the Horticulture Industry Lesson 3. Understanding Environmental Impacts of Horticulture

More information

Utilization of water resources and its effects on the hydrological environment of the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, China

Utilization of water resources and its effects on the hydrological environment of the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, China Water Resources Systems Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of symposium HS02n held during IUGG2003 al Sapporo. July 2003). IAHS Publ. no. 280. 2003. 23 Utilization of water resources and

More information

Earth & Space Science (Water Cycle) Grade 7 Science Grade 7 Science Start Date: November 04, 2013 End Date : November 22, 2013

Earth & Space Science (Water Cycle) Grade 7 Science Grade 7 Science Start Date: November 04, 2013 End Date : November 22, 2013 Unit Overview Hydrologic Cycle, Thermal Energy Transfer. Content Elaborations The movement of water through the spheres of E water changes state and energy is transferred, it water transfers from the hydrosphere

More information

Watershed: an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. It is the interdependent web of living

Watershed: an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. It is the interdependent web of living Watershed: an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. It is the interdependent web of living organisms that inhabit a geographic area and depend on it

More information

Physiographic zones. and water quality

Physiographic zones. and water quality Southland Physiographic zones Central Plains Technical information Physiographic zones are part of the Water and Land 2020 & Beyond project that aims to maintain and improve water quality in the Southland

More information

BMP #: Infiltration Basin

BMP #: Infiltration Basin Structural BMP Criteria BMP #: Infiltration Basin An Infiltration Basin is a shallow impoundment that stores and infiltrates runoff over a level, subtle, uncompacted, (preferably undisturbed area) with

More information

Texas Water Resources Institute

Texas Water Resources Institute Texas Water Resources Institute April 1975 Volume 1 No. 5 Opportunities for Artificial Recharge By Jim Valliant, Research Engineer, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Put "dirty" water back underground--i'd

More information

Environmental Geography

Environmental Geography Environmental Geography Lecture 13 Water Pollution Lecture 13: Water Pollution I. Water Pollution A. Groundwater B. Surface Water C. Regulation II. Water Use in California 1 I. Water Pollution Types of

More information

Biogeochemistry of Wetlands: Wetland hydrology

Biogeochemistry of Wetlands: Wetland hydrology Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Wetland hydrology, transport processes, and modeling June 23-26, 2008 Gainesville, Florida Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory Soil and Water Science Department

More information

Who cares? You do! In India, one child dies every minute from severe acute malnutrition.

Who cares? You do! In India, one child dies every minute from severe acute malnutrition. Soil & Agriculture Who cares? You do! In India, one child dies every minute from severe acute malnutrition. Case Study: The Dust Bowl In the dirty thirties a large area of cropland was abandoned due to

More information

SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT

SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT Competency Areas Competency Area 1: Basic Soil Properties... 2 Competency Area 2: Soil Hydrology... 6 Competency Area 3: Drainage and Irrigation... 20 Competency Area 4: Soil

More information

1. Introduction. Keywords Groundwater, Vulbnerability, Aquifer, Aquitard, Vadose zone. Alsharifa Hind Mohammad

1. Introduction. Keywords Groundwater, Vulbnerability, Aquifer, Aquitard, Vadose zone. Alsharifa Hind Mohammad World Environment 2014, 4(1): 22-32 DOI: 10.5923/j.env.20140401.03 New Groundwater Vulnerability Index for the Main Aquifers in Central Catchment Area in Jordan and Validation of the Results Using NO 3

More information

Streamlines V2, n2 (May 1997) A Newsletter for North Carolina Water Supply Watershed Administrators

Streamlines V2, n2 (May 1997) A Newsletter for North Carolina Water Supply Watershed Administrators Page 1 of 5 STREAMLINES A Newsletter for North Carolina Water Supply Watershed Administrators Volume 2, Number 2 May 1997 Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollution This issue of Streamlines provides basic information

More information

STRAWMAN OUTLINE March 21, 2008 ISWS/ISGS REPORT ON THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MEETING WATER DEMAND IN NORTH-EAST ILLINOIS

STRAWMAN OUTLINE March 21, 2008 ISWS/ISGS REPORT ON THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MEETING WATER DEMAND IN NORTH-EAST ILLINOIS STRAWMAN OUTLINE March 21, 2008 ISWS/ISGS REPORT ON THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MEETING WATER DEMAND IN NORTH-EAST ILLINOIS REPORT TO BE DELIVERED TO THE RWSPG BY SEPTEMBER 30, 2008 Table of Contents

More information

Groundwater Balance Study in the High Barind, Bangladesh. A.H.M.Selim Reza 1, Quamrul Hasan Mazumder 1 and Mushfique Ahmed 1

Groundwater Balance Study in the High Barind, Bangladesh. A.H.M.Selim Reza 1, Quamrul Hasan Mazumder 1 and Mushfique Ahmed 1 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 39, 11-26 (2011) ISSN 1681-0708 Groundwater Balance Study in the High Barind, Bangladesh A.H.M.Selim Reza 1, Quamrul Hasan Mazumder 1 and Mushfique Ahmed 1 1 Department of

More information

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. Skills Worksheet Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. 1. Mississippi River 2. area above an aquifer 3. bottled water

More information