MARCELLUS SHALE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY UPDATE: WATER AND WASTE

Transcription

1 MARCELLUS SHALE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY UPDATE: WATER AND WASTE Paul Ziemkiewicz, PhD, Director RPSEA Onshore Workshop Appalachian Basin Technology Cannonsburg PA 20 July 2016

2 MARCELLUS SHALE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY MSEEL

3 MARCELLUS SHALE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY MSEEL The objective of the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) is to provide a long-term collaborative field site to develop and validate new knowledge and technology to improve recovery efficiency and minimize environmental implications of unconventional resource development

4 MSEEL VISION Demonstrate the Best Practices to Drill, Complete and Produce a New Horizontal Well That Minimizes Any Environmental/Societal Costs While Maximizing Economic Productivity Monitor and Document Impacts in a Controlled Environment Greenhouse Gas Emissions Local Air Pollution Water Supply and Quality Noise and Activity Societal Impacts Develop New Technologies to Maximize Production Microseismic Monitoring Production Monitoring Advanced Logging Simulation Develop New Scientific and Engineering Approaches to Apply to Multidisciplinary and Multi-institutional Natural Resource Studies

5 MSEEL Site

6 MSEEL Drilling MIP 3H and 5H

7 MSEEL Completion MIP 3H and 5H

8 PROJECT TEAM Program Management WVU-Principal investigator Tim Carr WVU-Operations mgr. Sam Taylor Northeast Natural Energy B.J. Carney Northeast Natural Energy Jay Hewitt USDOE/NETL Robert Vagnetti WVU Technical Leads Database Maneesh Sharma Economic, Societal Randy Jackson Geologic Engineering Kashy Aminian Geophysical Tom Wilson Subsurface Geochemistry Shikha Sharma Surface Environmental Paul Ziemkiewicz

9 WATER AND SOLID WASTE STUDIES: CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Water Hydrofrac fluids Makeup water Flowback Produced water Solid wastes Drill cuttings Mud

10 PRODUCING MARCELLUS WELL PAD: 4 WELLS 2 hectares total access/service road out slopes 1.2 hectares pad well heads separators condensate tanks

11 PRODUCING WELL SITE WITH IMPOUNDMENT 6 hectares: access/service road well heads separators condensate tanks

12 FLUIDS AT THE WELL SITE

13 PRODUCED WATER VOLUMES: MIP 3,5H AFTER160 DAYS 3H PRODUCED 92% MORE WATER, 30% MORE GAS 1 BBL=0.16 M BBL/M 3 ~10% of injected water 4675 bbl

14 Gas vs. water production Gas/water trends Water/gas ratio average ~ 0.5 bbl/mcf

15 Chemical Characterization Flowback/produced water Sampled at upstream end of separators Hydraulic fracturing fluid Drilling mud

16 Flowback day 863 (% TDS) Major (98%) and Minor ions

17 Produced water evolution: MIP 3H Makeup-Mon River TDS: 285 mg/l Flowback day 0 TDS: 27,812 mg/l Flowback day 160 TDS: 121,536 mg/l 30 days post completion

18 Produced water evolution: MIP 5H Makeup-Mon River TDS: 289 mg/l Flowback day 0 TDS: 188,113 mg/l Flowback day 160 TDS: 110,620 mg/l 34 days post completion

19 NEARLY ALL PARAMETERS WERE HIGHER IN FLOWBACK THAN FRAC FLUID PINK: EXCEEDS DRINKING WATER MCL Date 10-Nov Nov May-16 well MW 3H HF 3H MIP 3H analyte FB days Na mg/l ,000 Ca mg/l ,000 Ba mg/l ,500 Sr mg/l ,300 Mg mg/l ,100 Fe mg/l K mg/l Mn mg/l Zn mg/l Ni mg/l As mg/l Cr mg/l Pb mg/l Al mg/l BDL Se mg/l BDL Ag mg/l BDL Cl mg/l ,000 Br mg/l 0 BDL 693 Alk mg/l SO4 mg/l BDL TDS mg/l ,000

20 IN PRODUCED WATER CHLORIDE IS THE DOMINANT ANION: SOLUBILITY VS. SULFATE AND CARBONATE MINERALS

21 MW: Makeup water, HF: Hydraulic fracturing fluid, MIP: produced water Date 10-Nov Nov May-16 well MW 3H HF 3H MIP 3H analyte FB days ph Benzene µg/l Ethylbenze µg/l m,p-xylene µg/l o-xylene µg/l Toluene µg/l Xylene t µg/l α act pci/l ,290 β act pci/l , Ra act pci/l ,521

22 TERMINOLOGY: SOLID WASTES Drilling mud Returns to the surface with cuttings during drilling Recycled after cuttings removed To disposal after well completed Drill cuttings Rock fragments-clay to fine gravel ~ tons/well or 25 to 50 truckloads To disposal after separation from drilling mud Flowback Solids-filter cake, precipitates, suspended solids

23 DRILLING WASTES Mud Cuttings

24 SOLIDS SEPARATION Cuttings pit Flowback pit Flowback tanks Bag filters Plate and frame filter press

25 CONVENTIONAL DRILLING MUD DRILL CUTTINGS % SAMPLES (LIQUID FRACTION) > TCLP LIMIT Drill Cuttings: Vertical Section Drill %> Cuttings TCLP min max Cr 100% mg/l As 90% mg/l Pb 80% mg/l Ba 70% ,870.0 mg/l Benzene 70% µg/l Se 40% mg/l Hg 10% mg/l

26 Using Green Drilling Mud no parameters exceeded TCLP In the Vertical and Horizontal (Marcellus) sections: TCLP organics-no exceedances TCLP inorganics-no exceedances

27 Drilling mud: Bio-Base tm 365 Property Unit Value Test Method Physical state Liquid Visual Biodegradation, 28 days %m OECD 301 Potential carcinogenic label - No - BTEX** mg/kg < 1 * ASTM 5790 mod. PAH mg/kg < 0.1 * EPA 8100 *Below the detection level of the method. **BTEX (Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, Xylene).

28 Radiochemistry: drill cuttings USDOT low level radioactive waste: 2,000 pci/g α β Ra 40 K EPA pci/g pci/g pci/g pci/g MIP MIP MIP H MIP H MIP H DUP MIP H MIP H MIP H MIP H MIP H DUP MIP H Mud MIP H

29 PADEP LANDFILL GUIDANCE FOR TENORM OIL AND GAS = RWC 804 Acceptance Criteria 2013 collected tonnage 2014 collected tonnage 2015 collected tonnage 3 yr collected tons avg. allowed source term loading (ASTL) monthly source term allocation (MSTA) y = 0.266x actual reading from handheld device right side left side 3 year avg. tonnage waste origin if transported directly centerline centerline to a landfill from an oil or gas well site mid point mid point load MSTA additional well name municipality county dose rate dose rate isotope TENORM source term remaining comments (µr/hr) (µr/hr) tons multiplier (µr/hr)*tons) (µr/hr)*tons) 92 Bobo 1 Harborview Greene Bobo 1 Harborview Greene Bobo 1 Harborview Greene REJECT ASTL ASTL Calculation

30 West Virginia s Solid Waste Management Rule: Drill cuttings and associated drilling wastes Prior to permitting: Composite vertical and horizontal samples Testing: TCLP-metals, VOC, SVOC, TPH Disposal in lined cells Leachate collection/testing

31 West Virginia s Solid Waste Management Rule: Drill cuttings and associated drilling wastes At the landfill If incoming load exceeds 10 µr/hr above local background (~24+10=37 µr/hr) R=Roentgen= γ, x radiation only Determine Ra 226 Ra by USEPA method 903 takes 28 days Must be less than 5 pci/g above local background If greater, reject load

32 CONCLUSIONS Produced water is highly contaminated Saline Organics (much less in dry gas wells) Radiochemicals All increase through production cycle Managed through recycle as makeup water Drill cuttings toxicity controlled by drilling fluids Drill cuttings radioactivity is low

33 FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Paul Ziemkiewicz