Recycling wastewater yields multiple benefits. World Congress & Expo on Recycling, July 20-22, Barcelona, Spain
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1 Recycling wastewater yields multiple benefits World Congress & Expo on Recycling, July 20-22, Barcelona, Spain
2 New approach, turning waste into wealth Worldwide, the new environmental paradigm is to eliminate the concept of throwing away waste and replace it with the concept of considering waste as a resource Focus on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle paradigm Considers both solid waste and wastewater - Solid waste - Wastewater - Feacal sludge
3 Waste management options Reduce: reduce the amount Reuse : someone s waste used else Recycle: use in another way or process Recover: handle, keep, clean, transform, improve, return to the economy Many other R's:.. repair, rethink Repair: take old and little defected things and repair them Rethink: environmentally sound management of waste
4 Closing the loop... This approach has fifth fold outcome: Reduce the contamination load on water bodies Reduce water scarcity Reduce CO2 emission Recycle fertilizers in food production Produce renewable energy
5 Looking through the sustainability lens Institutional Social Financial Technical Considering the institutional aspect.. Capturing topics such as: Planning process Stakeholder engagement and ownership Policy and regulatory framework Capacity and resources Certification and quality ensurance Monitoring Health Environment Examples: - South Africa - Brazil - Philippines - Burkina Faso - Sweden - SYSTEM APPROACH Drawing by Jan Wijkmark
6 Social Institutional Social Capturing topics such as: Capacity development (e.g. awareness, local capacity) Participation (e.g. intervention models, community organisation) Gender and equity Cultural acceptance Socio-economic context (e.g. capacity and willingness to pay) Financial Health Technical Environment
7 Technical Institutional Social Diverse set of solutions for resource utilization Financial Technical Health Environment
8 Health Institutional Social Environment Institutional Social Capturing : Financial Health Technical Environment Integrated WASH approach Reuse guidelines Sanitation Safety Planning Potential cases: Jordan Capturing topics such as: Environmental protection Financial Health Technical Environment Protecting and enhancing ES - Natural treatment capacity - Ground water recharge - Creation of new habitats (e.g. constructed wetlands) Potential cases: Namibia, Egypt, Philippines, Sweden, Recharge pond. Source: LOFTUS (2011)
9 Financial Institutional Social Capturing topics such as: Financial models Cost-Benefit Analyses (e.g. costs for doing nothing in health impacts and environmental degradation) Sanitation as a Business Financial Health Technical Environment Potential cases: - Jamaica - South Africa - India -
10 Using the EcoSan approach.. Waste segregation and possible utilization options. (UNESCO/IHP & GTZ, 2006)
11 Shifting focus from waste removal to resource recovery RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Water recycling - Potable water TECHNICAL SYSTEM OPTIONS - Flush water - Industrial Decentralized or centralized RESOURCES FROM EXCRETA AND WASTEWATER water, nutrients, organic matter, and energy Water and nutrient reuse - Agricultural irrigation - Forestry irrigation - Aquaculture Nutrient reuse - Solid fertilizer - Liquid fertilizer Energy generation - Biogas generation - Biomass production Waterborne excreta management Non-waterborne excreta management Separate greywater management Sludge management On- or offsite treatment POTENTIAL MULTIPLE BENEFITS Health protection Environmental protection Livelihoods Water security Food security Energy security Ecosystem services Wastewater treatment options - Groundwater recharge - Wetland biotope Excreta and sludge treatment options Other outputs, e.g. - Protein feed - Building material
12 Benefits of investing in water and sanitation
13 Benefits for local communities & Society Wastewater Provides a source of income to farmers Alternative fertiliser and irrigation source from domestic WW Recycling of local water and nutrient sources Reduction of energy consumption requirements for the production of artificial fertilizer Opportunities to reduce costs for conventional WW treatment (investment, operation, disposal) Supporting compliance with environmental legislation Biomass Increase in soil organic matter content and soil fertility Increased income from improved biomass yields due to irrigation and fertilization Opportunities to produce renewable biomass for local heat and power generation Supporting local economy by establishing local biomass supply chains It contribute to reducing dependency upon fossil fuels Getting green areas
14 Benefits for other sectors? Energy sector: both wastewater (sludge) and the biomass can be an efficient and renewable source of energy, Water sector: Reducing freshwater withdrawal Contributing to groundwater recharge Improving water quality Economy: the implementation of this integrated agro-forestry land-use system, particularly on larger scale, can furthermore create income and job opportunities for many people at a local level. Food security: Aquaculture livestock Crops Health sector: Reducing WW related diseases Forest
15 Decentralized Wastewater Management at Adarsh College India- Ecosan approach Decentralized Wastewater Management at Adarsh College - India Anaerobic Baffled Reator Anaerobic Filter
16 Schematic of the short rotation plantation. Source: EUBIA (n.y.)
17 Non-waterborne excreta management: Urine diverting dry toilets Central collection and treatment Reuse in crop El Alto, Bolivia
18 Electricity generator by Biogas CH 4 Swine waste Food Methane Combustion= CO 2 CO 2 Duckweeds Lagoon
19 Niger: use of duckweed (Lemna spp.)in WW treatment and fodder production 1. to clean water in stabilisation providing high quality of effluent, 2. harvesting of duckweed for use as: a feed for on-site aquaculture animal feed) provides additional income generation for the system. 3. use of treated water for irrigating additional plants such as Moringa and Leptadenia adds to the financial stability of the agro sanitary system. Water hyacinth (already there!) within the Niger River could also offer other perspectives
20 Decentralized wastewater management: Low-flush vacuum toilets Wet-composting and urea treatment Reuse in (energy) crop Södertälje Municipality, Sweden
21 Protein production from waste products: Potentials for wastewater sludge and excreta management Projects in Uganda, South Africa, USA, Sweden..
22 Making wealth from waste-resource based management Used as fertilizer after treatment/processing Concept example from Vientiane, Laos Urban channels Discharge Septic Tank Biosolid Harvested plants Food and Fibre Sludge Wastewater Urine Biogas Organic solid waste Energy Fuel or electricity Urban centre
23 Example - Llobregat River Basin Barcelona city 1,619,337 inhabitants Area: 4,948 km 2 Length: km
24 Example - Llobregat River Basin
25 Example - Llobregat River Basin
26 Example - Llobregat River Basin El Prat de Llobregat WWTP (hm 3 /yr) Sant Feliu de Llobregat WWTP (hm 3 /yr) Agriculture River stream flow Wetlands Seawater barrier Municipalities Recreation Industry Total
27 Example - Llobregat River Basin El Prat de Llobregat area EUR/yr for 13 hm 3 /yr Sant Feliu de Llobregat area EUR/yr for 7.3 hm 3 /yr Total annual cost EUR/yr for 20.3 hm 3 /yr Average unit cost of water release 0.34 EUR/m 3
28 Example - Llobregat River Basin Sant Feliu El Prat area area (EUR/yr) (EUR/yr) Total (EUR/yr) Pumping costs Fertilizing costs Sales revenue Conveying reclaimed water Change of farmers income (20%) (5%) (25%)
29 Example - Llobregat River Basin
30 Example - Llobregat River Basin
31 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Dr Birguy Lamizana
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