CTY FLIGHT SCIENCE SYLLABUS

Transcription

1 CTY FLIGHT SCIENCE SYLLABUS Day Introductions 2. Honor Code 3. Lab Safety 4. Determine current knowledge 5. Determine students experiences with flight 1. Scientific vs. Engineering Method 2. Variables 3. Design of Experiments 1. Units 2. Conversions 3. Scientific Notation 4. Significant figures 1. Vectors 2. Velocity and Acceleration 3. Mass and Density 4. Force and Pressure 1. Four forces of flight 2. Gravity and weight 1. Newton s Laws 1. Class overview and individual introductions 2. Review and sign honor code 3. Discuss and sign lab safety sheet 4. Take pre-test 5. Human scavenger hunt with flight related questions 1. Discuss the steps in each method and identify the difference 2. Discuss difference between independent and dependent variable- which one should we change? Importance of a control 3. Create paper airplanes, following the engineering method. Decide on independent and dependent variables as a class 1. Compare metric and customary units for various measures (length, mass, volume, etc.) 2. Use fence post method to convert within systems and between systems 3. Discuss rules of scientific notation and determine distances with in space using knowledge of conversion 4. Determine the precision of various measuring devices and the implications of this precision 1. Class discussion and activity that demonstrates importance (knowing not only how far to go but the direction) 2. Hot wheels activity 3. Lecture and discussion 4. Tension/Compression activity, friction, pressure demonstration 1. Build Whitewings airplanes and show forces (test as well) 2. Gravity activity; weight at various locations in the solar system 1. Watch short clip on Newton s Laws, then discuss each law. Cartoon one of the laws explaining the law and how the cartoon relates to it.

2 Day 2. Day Parts of an airplane 2. Control surfaces 3. Effects of flaps 1. Bernoulli s Equation 2. Coanda Effect 3. Buoyancy 4. Airfoil Terminology 5. Lift theory 1. Lift coefficient 2. Lift formula 3. Pressure Distribution 4. Stall 1. Drag Theory 2. Glide ratio 3. Wings: aspect ratio, taper ratio, wing span 1. Stability 2. Alternative designs 3. Center of Gravity 1. Scale Drawing 2. Designing Aircraft 1. Assembly basic balsa airplane 2. Add control surfaces using post-it notes to airplane to determine effect. Compare results to pg Read and discuss pg Lecture and Discussion. Solve basic fluid dynamics problems 2. Demonstration of how water sticks to glassproperty of fluids 3. Relate common buoyant force of water to air. Read pg about the physics of lift and discuss. 4. Read pg and discuss the terms. 5. How do the variables relate to each other; use NASA applet 1. Read pg and discuss which terms are included in the lift coefficient and which terms should appear in the lift formula 2. Synthesize knowledge from applet and reading to determine the lift formula. Use the formula to determine flight conditions for various aircrafts. 3. Read pg and and discuss more specifically how lift is produced. 4. Read pg and watch short video clips demonstrating stall. How can we prevent it? 1. Read pg 56-57, and discuss different types of drag; show how formula is similar to lift 2. Relates lift and drag- determine glide ratio of the different airplanes already built 3. Read pg and discuss aspect ratio. Determine values for various airplanes from diagrams of wing planforms 1. Neutral vs. Unstable vs. Unconditionally stable: read pg and discuss how stability relates to aircraft. Use in building new Whitewings to achieve longer flight time 2. Read pg about various vertical stabilizer designs and pg about canards and discuss. 3. Read pg and discuss. Find the COG of aircraft built. Where is it in relation to the wings? 1. Discuss ratios and proportions. Why do we scale drawings? 2. Read pg and discuss what needs to be considered in designing an aircraft. 2

3 Day Design Balsa airplane 1. Build gliders 2. Energy and Thrust 3. Create scale and 3 view drawings of original aircraft design 1. Build gliders from designs 2. Read pg and discuss how energy is converted from chemical to kinetic and potential to produce thrust and overcome drag/produce lift Day 5. Day Test Gliders 2. Make Adjustments 3. Glider 1. Types of Engines 2. Speed of sound and sonic boom 1. Build advanced glider 2. Test performance 1. Wing design 2. Improve performance by redesigning wing 3. Test 1. Evaluate performance 2. Final design for longest distance 1. Build propelled aircraft 1. Finish building 2. Lighter than air flight 3. Wing Structure 4. Take-off and Landing 1. Measure time aloft 2. Adjust glider to improve performance 3. Individual written reflections, then each student shares design and performance 1. Read pg 87-96, discussing each engine as it presented (propeller, turboprop, turbofan, turbojet, ramjet). Based on year and speed, pick engine type and explain why it s the best choice. Examine chart on pg Read pg and discuss. 1. Build Delta Dart airplane 2. Test aircraft s initial performance 1. Read pg and discuss ideas 2. Design and build new wings for the Delta Dart 3. Test performance 1. Discuss which designs worked best and why 2. Design a new wing to achieve longest distance and test 1. Build Right Flyer 1. Finish building 2. Read pg 3-7 on aerostatics. Discussion of hot air balloons- differences in the density of air. Calculate the expect lifting force of different size balloons 3. Use Right Flyer to identify different parts of wing (spars, ribs, etc.) Why are plane built like this? 4. Read pg and discuss key features of the takeoff and landing processes 3

4 Day 7. Day Test Right Flyers 2. Reflection 1. Advance wing concepts 2. Design foam glider 3. Begin building 1. Finish building 1. Test 1. Foam glider 1. Introduction to Rocketry 2. Types of Rockets 3. Factors affecting rocket flight 1. Continue rocket tests 2. Create best rocket based on data 3. Test All Day 1. Examine variables that affect water rocket flight 1. Field Trip- Air Mobility Command Museum 1. Trigonometry to determine height 2. Projectile motion- to determine height 3. Design bottle 1. Adjust aircraft to take off from the ground demonstrating powered flight 2. Individual written reflections, then discuss as a class 1. Read pg 36-39, about wingtip vortices, winglets and swept wings and discuss 2. Design a foam glider with a cambered airfoil shape that achieve maximum distance 3. Build glider using sandpaper to shape airfoil 1. Finish shaping airfoils and assemble 2. Test gliders and make adjustments to achieve the maximum distance 1. Individual written reflections, then discuss as a class 1. Newton s Laws applied to 2. Discuss solid vs. liquid vs. hybrid advantages/disadvantages 3. Straw rocket testing- body length, shape/size/number of fins, nose weight 1. Straw rocket testing 2. Use data collected from test to build rocket with best length, nose weight and fin shape/size 3. Test designs and summarize class results 1. Use rocket applet to adjust variable to determine how to design the best bottle rocket: then discuss results 1. Examine helicopters and cargo aircraft. How do helicopter blades resemble aircraft wings? Focus on types and placement of engines and historical significance of aircraft development. 1. Discuss tangent to determine heights, practice using buildings and trees around campus 2. Use knowledge of displacement, velocity and acceleration to get distance formula d=v0t+1/2at2, where v0 is 0 and a equals g (9.81 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2). Practice by throwing objects into air. 3. Using results of applet and own ideas, design bottle rocket for maximum distance. 4. Construct bottle rocket based on design 4

5 Day 9. Day Build bottle 1. Launch bottle 2. Determine altitude using both methods 3. Bottle Rocket 1. Hybrid rocket design 2. Test hybrid rocket 3. Rocket 1. Rocket Recap 2. Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion 3. Satellite Research 1. Finish research 2. Satellite Seminar All Day 3. information 1. Review course information 1. Field Trip- Udvar Hazy Center (NASM) 1. Field Trip Debriefing 2. Fix all aircraft and 3. Clean up everything 1. Finish cleaning 1. Launch noting angle/distance for tangent calculations and time for projectile calculations 2. Using data, determine the altitude 3. Compare methods for determining altitude- which is more accurate? Discuss performance of 1. Design an Alka-Seltzer rocket based on evaluation of bottle rocket 2. Test designs (have to rely on qualitative data) 3. What were some of the difficulties of the hybrid rocket? 1. Summarize knowledge of 2. Lecture and Discussion with video clip 3. Web research on the following topics: a. Power sources b. Motion in space (How do Newton s Laws apply) c. Geosynchronous orbit d. High earth and low earth orbits e. Natural satellites f. Applications/ Examples (weather, radio, GPS) 1. Finish research on satellites 2. Pair of students will lead discussion of findings on each topic (different pair for each topic) 1. Play review game 1. Examine the evolution of aircraft design and progress of space flight, both manned and unmanned 1. Discuss what was learned on the field trip 2. Have all projects in working order 3. Clean all tables, floors, throw away trash 1. Room inspection 2. Post test 5

6 Day Assess final knowledge 3. Test flights and launches 1. Examine the future of the flight 1. Future of Flight 2. Justifying the Cost 3. Fly airplanes and launch 1. Use the web to research assigned topic: Boeing 787, Airbus 380, JSF, or SpaceShip One, identifying unique characteristics, difficulties faced in construction, costs (of production and retail) 1. Discuss modern jetliners (Boeing 787, Airbus 380), military aircraft (Joint Strike Fighter), and commercial space program (Virgin Galactic) 2. Examine how much an aircraft costs to build and operate- comparison of subsonic and supersonic costs 6