Chloramine: An Effective Biocide for Produced Waters. Andrew K. Boal, Ph.D. and Charles Mowery
|
|
- Percival Stokes
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chloramine: An Effective Biocide for Produced Waters Andrew K. Boal, Ph.D. and Charles Mowery Presented at SPE Produced Water Handling & Management Symposium on May 21, 2015
2 Microbial Population Control in Produced Waters Bacteria populations in produced waters can cause a number of issues Souring of an in-production well Microbial induced corrosion Biofilm formation To prevent these problems, an effective biocide program must be used when treating produced waters
3 Biocides Used in the Treatment of Produced Water Oxidizing Biocides Hypochlorite, Chlorine Dioxide Oxidizing biocides can chemically react with other components of produced waters Nonoxidizing Biocides Glutaraldehyde, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Some nonoxidizing biocides can interfere with other water treatment chemicals
4 Biocide Selection Criteria NaOCl ClO 2 Many factors are involved in biocide selection Efficacy Cost Safety Ease of use Bacteria have also been shown to adapt to the produced water environment Bacteria living in produced water can become more resistant to glutaraldehyde and more susceptible to hypochlorite
5 Perceived Limitations of Hypochlorite-Based Biocides Several common constituents of produced water readily react with chlorine Not all of these reactions are parasitic and some can form useful biocides Specifically, the reaction between ammonia and hypochlorite produces chloramines, a common biocide used in potable water disinfection applications Oxidant Demanding Substance Reaction Rate with Free Chlorine Oxidation Product Microbiologically active? Hydrogen Sulfide SO 4 2- NO Ammonia Chloramines/N 2 YES/NO Iron Iron Oxide NO Bromide HOBr/BrO - YES
6 Chloramines Chloramines are biocides containing at least one nitrogen-chlorine bond Most common chloramines are produced through the reaction of chlorine with ammonia Ammonia-based chloramines are used in a number of disinfection applications, including potable water Treatment of produced water containing ammonia can result in the in situ production of chloramines
7 Ammonia-Chloramine Formation Chemistry ClO - + NH 4 + NH 2 Cl + H 2 O Monochloramine ClO - + NH 2 Cl NHCl 2 + HO - Dichloramine ClO - + NHCl 2 NCl 3 + HO - Trichloramine Monochloramine is the most stable ammonia chloramine and is generally the desired product when using chloramines as a disinfectant Dichloramine and trichloramine are both effective biocides, but can cause the production of unpleasant chlorine odors When an excess amount of chlorine is added to the water, ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrogen gas (with some nitrate and nitrite) through breakpoint chlorination
8 Residual (mg/l) In Situ Generation of Chloramines in Produced Water Overall breakpoint is where a FAC residual is observed, indicating all of the oxidant demand of the water has been satisfied Breakpoint graphs are used to determine how water behaves towards chlorination FAC Residual TC Residual FAC Dose:Initial Ammonia Concentration Ratio Breakpoint graphs are generated by dosing water with chlorine and measuring residuals Free Available Chlorine (FAC): hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid Total Chlorine (TC): FAC as well as chloramine species
9 Residual (mg/l) In Situ Generation of Chloramines in Produced Water TC Residual MCA Residual FAC Dose:Initial Ammonia Concentration Ratio Presence of different chloramine species is determined in part by the chlorine dose relative to initial ammonia content When the FAC dose relative to ammonia is 5 or lower, almost all of the chloramine present is monochloramine (MCA) At higher FAC doses, dichloramine and trichloramine appear until enough chlorine is added to convert the initial ammonia into nitrogen gas
10 Residual (mg/l) ORP (mv) In Situ Generation of Chloramines in Produced Water TC Residual 300 ORP (mv) FAC Dose:Initial Ammonia Concentration Ratio Oxidation/Reduction Potential (ORP) is often used to control oxidizing biocide addition to produced waters When chloramines are present as a result of reactions between ammonia and hypochlorite, ORP is typically in the range of mv Once breakpoint is achieved and free chlorine is the oxidant in the water, ORP jumps quickly to the mv range
11 Efficacy Demonstration in the Disinfection of Produced Water Chloramines are effective disinfectants but less active than free chlorine Testing is required to demonstrate that chloramines produced through in situ chemistry are effective biocides for produced water Demonstration that in situ produced chloramines are effective produced water biocides has been demonstrated in the lab and in the field
12 Study Design Laboratory Analysis Testing was primarily conducted on produced waters from a recycling facility in the Fayetteville Shale Untreated water samples collected and shipped to the lab for compositional analysis and breakpoint evaluation Additional microbiology evaluation carried out on waters from Arkansas, Colorado, and California Field Testing Field testing was accomplished using an oxidizing biocide produced with an onsite generation system to treat produced water on location Treated water samples were quenched with sodium thiosulfate before shipping to the lab for analysis
13 Biocide On Site Generation System On-site generation here involves the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride brines Electrochemical reactions occur on both the anode and cathode Primary anode reaction: chlorine production through chloride oxidation (2 Cl - - 2e - Cl 2 ) Primary cathode reaction: reduced of oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide (O 2 + 2H + + 2e - H 2 O 2 ) Under the right conditions, electrolysis produces a Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) MOS has been shown to be a more powerful biocide than commercial hypochlorite
14 Water Composition Analysis Variable water composition Water at the Fayetteville Shale location is constantly changing with incoming water from different sources added to the ponds Ammonia Although variable in concentration, ammonia is always present and can be used to produce chloramines Component Typical Range ph ORP mv Total Dissolved Solids 12,000 22,685 mg/l Alkalinity 890 mg/l Hardness 650 1,056 mg/l Ammonia mg/l Hydrogen Sulfide mg/l Iron mg/l
15 Oxidant Residual (mg/l) ORP (mv) Oxidant Residual (mg/l) Water Breakpoint Analysis FAC Dose (mg/l) 800 FAC Residual (mg/l) TC Residual (mg/l) Breakpoint graph reveals hydrogen sulfide and ammonia demand ~100 mg/l dose required to overcome hydrogen sulfide No TC residual is seen before this ~1400 mg/l dose required to reach complete breakpoint High TC residuals seen after breakpoint indicate the presence of organic amines ORP readings follow measured residuals: FAC Dose (mg/l) TC Residual (mg/l) ORP (mv) At FAC doses less than 100 mg/l, negative ORPs are consistent with the presence of hydrogen sulfide Higher FAC doses increase the ORP with the presence of chloramines, but no distinct transition is seen after breakpoint is achieved
16 Oxidant Residual (mg/l) ORP (mv) Water Breakpoint Analysis FAC Dose (mg/l) TC Residual (mg/l) ORP (mv) ORP readings follow measured residuals: At FAC doses less than 100 mg/l, negative ORPs are consistent with the presence of hydrogen sulfide Higher FAC doses increase the ORP with the presence of chloramines, but no distinct transition is seen after breakpoint is achieved
17 Field Water Treatment Produced water treated with on-site produced MOS Treated water had a TC residual of 55 mg/l
18 Microbial Inactivation Chloramines Raw Water Treated Water
19 Ongoing Research Additional testing is being conducted on produced waters from different geographic areas Testing process: Shipment of 2-4 gallon water samples to the lab for analysis Oxidant demand and breakpoint analysis Chemical composition analysis Microbial inactivation assay In situ produced chloramines have been fond to be effective biocides in all waters tested
20 Residual (mg/l) California Produced Water Breakpoint: ~2,000 mg/l Treatment Assessment Ammonia in Raw Water 300 mg/l 400 MOS Dose in Raw Water 25 mg/l FAC Residual TC Residual TC Residual in Treated Water ORP of Treated Water SRBs in Raw Water 2.8 mg/l 461 mv 4,000 MPN/mL 100 SRBs in Treated Water 100 MPN/mL FAC Dose (mg/l) APBs in Raw Water APBs in Treated Water 7,000 MPN/mL 10 MPN/mL
21 FAC/TC Residual (mg/l) Colorado Produced Water Breakpoint: ~375 mg/l 140 Treatment Assessment 120 Ammonia in Raw Water 3 mg/l 100 MOS Dose in Raw Water 25 mg/l FAC Dose (mg/l) FAC Residual (mg/l) TC Residual (mg/l) TC Residual in Treated Water ORP of Treated Water SRBs in Raw Water SRBs in Treated Water APBs in Raw Water APBs in Treated Water 1.2 mg/l 435 mv 40 MPN/mL <1 MPN/mL 3,700 MPN/mL 10 MPN/mL
22 Emerging Technology Stabilized Oxidant Solution (SOS) Although some chlorine added to water is used to provide chloramine biocides from in situ transformations, some chlorine is lost in unproductive reactions Brine + Stabilizing Agent This biocide loss may be preventable through the incorporation of a stabilizing agent in the electrolysis process, which provides an effective oxidizing biocide with increased stability to produced water components
23 Summary and Conclusions Chloramines are readily formed by treating produced water with free chlorine biocides Oxidant demand from hydrogen sulfide must be overcome before chloramines can be produced Treatment of ammonia containing produced waters will most likely result in monochloramine production Chloramines produced through in situ processes are very effective at inactivating SRB and APB bacteria in produced water Emerging technology will provide stabilized chlorine chemistry which will enable the more efficient use of biocides for disinfecting produced waters
24 Interested in learning how MIOX s On-Site Generation technology can improve disinfection treatment of your produced waters? sales@miox.com
COOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
PAPER NO: CATEGORY: TP15-18 TREATMENT EVALUATION COOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE ALTERNATIVE TO BROMINE IMPROVES COOLING WATER MICROBIAL CONTROL AND OVERALL TREATMENT ANDREW BOAL, PhD MIOX CORPORATION The
More informationCHLORAMINATION AND CHLORAMINE ANALYSIS
CHLORAMINATION AND CHLORAMINE ANALYSIS WHY THIS PRESENTATION? Chloramination use increasing ~1,300 utilities Serving 68 million concerns remains TAKE-HOME MESSAGES Nitrification Chemistry and biology Number
More informationOn-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Equipment
On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Equipment Water Arabia - 2015 Electrolysis A Process that decomposes a chemical compound into its elements or produces a new compound by the action of an electrical
More informationChloramine and Nitrification... Is There a Simple Solution?
Chloramine and Nitrification... Is There a Simple Solution? Scott Hibbs, P.E. & Dave Baker Enprotec/Hibbs & Todd 402 Cedar; Abilene TX 79601 325.698.5560 eht.com Workshop Objective Share your experiences
More informationElectrochemical Generation The applications and scientific mechanisms of disinfectants generated on-site using salt, water and electricity
Technical Brief Electrochemical Generation The applications and scientific mechanisms of disinfectants generated on-site using salt, water and electricity By Andrew Boal, Ph.D. When you are researching
More informationTreatment of Groundwater for Iron and Manganese. While Avoiding Taste and Odor Mark Carlson
Treatment of Groundwater for Iron and Manganese While Avoiding Taste and Odor Mark Carlson Introduction Statement of Problem Background Chemistry Two case studies Statement of Problem Removal of iron or
More informationChallenges in Municipal Water Treatment and the MIOX Solution. Part 2 of 3: Groundwater Treatment
Challenges in Municipal Water Treatment and the MIOX Solution Part 2 of 3: Groundwater Treatment Tuesday, January 22 th at 11AM EST Agenda for Part 2 Brief Introduction of MIOX General system and chemistry
More informationAmerican Water College 2010
Vocabulary Disinfection Air Gap An open vertical drop, or vertical empty space, that separates a drinking (potable) water supply to be protected from another water system in a water treatment plant or
More informationDisinfection and Disinfection Byproducts (DBP)
Disinfection and Disinfection (DBP) 1 Regulatory Requirements for Disinfection By-Product Management & Disinfection By-Product Monitoring for Water Treatment Plants 2 DPB Rule Requirements Rule/Requirement
More informationChloramine Residual Optimization & Management:
Chloramine Residual Optimization & Management: Chloramines, used in about a third of municipal water systems, provide longer protection in distribution systems and are less prone to encourage DBP formation
More informationChlorine Decay Modeling and Water Age Predictions
Chlorine Decay Modeling and Water Age Predictions Marvin Gnagy, P.E., President PMG Consulting, Inc. OTCO Water Workshop March 5, 2014 Agenda Residual Decay in Water Experimental Data Collection Data Evaluations
More informationBALCLOR TM Ballast Water Treatment System. SunRui Corrosion and Fouling Control Company 3 December 2009, Shanghai China
BALCLOR TM Ballast Water Treatment System Fu Hongtian SunRui Corrosion and Fouling Control Company 3 December 2009, Shanghai China INTRODUCTION In 2004, the International maritime organization (IMO) has
More informationDisinfection Overview. Module 3
Disinfection Overview Module 3 Learning Objectives Be able to discuss the purpose and types of disinfection Be able to discuss the basics of chlorination and chloramination Topics to be Covered Why is
More informationNitrification Action Plans (NAPs)
Directed Assistance Module (DAM) 8: Nitrification Action Plans (NAPs) Developed by the TCEQ Water Supply Division (WSD) Texas Optimization Program (TOP) Presented by the WSD Financial, Managerial, and
More informationWater sanitation at its best
Water sanitation at its best - www.basu.at This comparative study shows the clear advantage of over the competition Chlorine Is used in its gaseous state and requires strict security measures Powerful
More informationEffects of Environmental Factors on Nitrification Occurrence in Model Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Ng M.Y.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Nitrification Occurrence in Model Drinking Water Distribution Systems Ng M.Y. Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore ABSTRACT
More informationChloramine Optimization through Proper Mixing and a Unique Chloramine Management System. John Kiernan
Chloramine Optimization through Proper Mixing and a Unique Chloramine Management System John Kiernan EPA has set a compliance date of April 1, 2016 but some states are accelerating their compliance To
More informationAn Unmanned Approach for the Optimization of a Chemical Injection Program at a Salt Water Disposal Facility
An Unmanned Approach for the Optimization of a Chemical Injection Program at a Salt Water Disposal Facility Problem Statement: Bacteria Control in a Oilfield Gathering System Microbial Induced Corrosion
More informationNew Rules for Disinfection Byproducts Is your system compliant? Presentation Topics. Achieving Compliant Water Means Balancing the Ultimate Goals
New Rules for Disinfection Byproducts 2006 APWA International Public Works Congress and Exposition Kansas City, Missouri Vice President Presentation Topics Disinfectant/Disinfections Byproducts Rules (D/DBP)
More informationStatus of Chlorate Regulations & Impact at Water Treatment Plants
Status of Chlorate Regulations & Impact at Water Treatment Plants Pennsylvania Annual AWWA Conference Hershey, PA April 18, 2018 ELECTRODE TECHNOLOGIES & WATER TECHNOLOGIES Background on Chlorate 2 What
More informationDirect count methods should be preferred, because they are much faster and more accurate than culture techniques.
Tech Manual Excerpts FILMTEC Membranes Biological Fouling Prevention Lenntech info@lenntech.com Tel. +31-152-610-900 www.lenntech.com Fax. +31-152-616-289 Introduction All raw waters contain microorganisms:
More informationTREATMENT OF GROUND WATER BY USE OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE, CHLORINE AND MONOCHLORAMINE
1 2 TREATMENT OF GROUND WATER BY USE OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE, CHLORINE AND MONOCHLORAMINE 1. BOGATU, C., 2. CHIS Diana, 2. MARSAVINA Dalila, 1. BOTAU, D., 1. ANDRES, L., 3. LUNGU, E., 3. PODE Rodica, 3. BEBESELEA
More information4709 Hwy 36 South, Suite 10 Rosenberg, TX Phone:
4709 Hwy 36 South, Suite 10 Rosenberg, TX 77471 Phone: 1-800-590-6711 www.universalbacteria.com www.esinrg.com Use of Envirolyte O&G TM Neutral Anolyte Biocide in Cooling Towers Envirolyte O&G TM Neutral
More informationWater Quality - Condensed Version 1999
11.0 DISINFECTION refers to operations in water treatment that kills or renders harmless pathogenic microorganisms but does not refer to sterilization. sterilization; the complete destruction of all living
More informationImproved control of SRB s in hydraulic fracture fluid using chlorine dioxide
Improved control of SRB s in hydraulic fracture fluid using chlorine dioxide Hypothesis: Is ClO 2 an Effective O&G Water Treatment Option Why SRB Control is Important: Long term well production Scope of
More informationOn-Site Generation Of Disinfectants
On-Site Generation Of Disinfectants Content 1 SUMMARY... 3 2 WHAT IS ON-SITE GENERATION?... 3 3 HOW DO ON-SITE GENERATORS WORK?... 3 4 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING OSGS?... 5 4.1 IMPROVED OPERATOR SAFETY...
More informationSANITIZING OF MILK CASE WASHERS AND TRANSPORT CONVEYORS: AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES AND ADVANTAGES OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE USE
SANITIZING OF MILK CASE WASHERS AND TRANSPORT CONVEYORS: AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES AND ADVANTAGES OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE USE A PURELINE WHITE PAPER SEPTEMBER, 2010 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; THE ISSUES There
More informationTechnical Service Bulletin
Technical Service Bulletin March 2015 TSB110.12 Biocides for Disinfection and Storage of Hydranautics Membrane Elements This bulletin provides general information about biocides that may be used with Hydranautics
More informationDrinking Water Treatment Optimization Tools
Drinking Water Treatment Optimization Tools Introduction Treating water to meet today s potable drinking water regulations requires a delicate balance between seemingly conflicting or competing regulations,
More informationThe Turbine Aerator Requires no maintenance. 2. Has no internal moving parts. 3. Will not clog with tumble weeds or most other debris. 4.
Introducing a Revolutionary New Turbine Aerator for Frac and Produced Water Remediation The Turbine Aerator 1. Requires no maintenance. 2. Has no internal moving parts. 3. Will not clog with tumble weeds
More informationDETERMINATION OF N-CHLORAMINES IN AS-SAMRA CHLORINATED WASTEWATER AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE DISINFECTION PROCESS
PII: S0043-1354(00)00393-6 Wat. Res. Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 1304 1310, 2001 # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0043-1354/01/$ - see front matter DETERMINATION OF N-CHLORAMINES
More informationCooling Tower Treatment Chemicals
Cooling Tower Treatment 1) Scale & Corrosion Inhibitors 1. Cooling Tower Treatment Code Product Name 2048 Combined Scale Control / Anti-Foulant-cooling Systems 2202 Scale & Corrosion Inhibitor (Hard Water)
More informationAt the Mercy of the Process Impacts of Nitrogen Removal Performance on WWTP Disinfection
OBG PRESENTS: At the Mercy of the Process Impacts of Nitrogen Removal Performance on WWTP Disinfection Ned Talbot, PE Tri-Association Conference 2018 8/30/18 9:00-9:30AM AGENDA Overview of Plant Processes
More informationBasic concepts of managing the water within an aquaponics system
Water Quality Station Basic concepts of managing the water within an aquaponics system Water is the life-blood of an aquaponics system. It is the medium through which all essential macro- and micronutrients
More informationMUNICIPAL SUPPLY DOCUMENT
MUNICIPAL SUPPLY DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION Chlorine dioxide is a powerful oxidizing agent, generated from sodium chlorite. Its selective reactivity makes chlorine dioxide useful in many water treating applications
More informationSECTION I (40 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Section
General Instructions 1. SECTION I (40 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Section Question 1 (a) Chlorine is subject of the following questions: [5] i. What is the atomicity of chlorine? ii. Name the
More informationProperty of ChemTreat, Inc. Do not copy without permission.
General Types of Counter Flow Fill Decreasing tendency to clog Increasing performance 73 Fill for Severe Fouling Applications eg e.g. Contact Systems Integral Drip Points Low film specific surfaceareaarea
More informationMarcos Elizondo Vice President, Landfill Operations & Engineering
Finding A Better Way Marcos Elizondo Vice President, Landfill Operations & Engineering melizondo@wcamerica.com www.wcawaste.com Brad Granley, PE President / Founder bgranley@leachate.us 720-556-4801 www.leachate.us
More informationWhat is Chlorine Dioxide and Why You Should Learn About It Now?
What is Chlorine Dioxide and Why You Should Learn About It Now? Ken Gibson and Dustin Kauffman World Aquatic Health Conference Charleston, SC October 11 th, 2018 Topics of the Day Chlorine dioxide What
More informationGRUNDFOS WHITE PAPER. Chlorine dioxide offers increased efficiency and
GRUNDFOS WHITE PAPER IMPROVED COOLING WITH CIO2 by Carlos Uribe, Product Manager: Dosing, Instrumentation and Disinfection Chlorine dioxide offers increased efficiency and safe water treatment for cooling
More informationThe questions to be answered in the special study are listed below:
Special FRWA Chloramination Study The disinfection process for the Lake City Water System will be evaluated to identify the indicators of the stability and breakdown of chloramine in the water distribution
More informationOVERCOMING CHLORAMINATION OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AT WILLOW GROVE WATER TREATMENT PLANT. Brendan Holt. Gippsland Water Authority
OVERCOMING CHLORAMINATION OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AT WILLOW GROVE WATER TREATMENT PLANT Paper Presented by : Brendan Holt Author: Brendan Holt, Water Treatment Plant Operator, Gippsland Water Authority 65
More informationAquaLife Complete Water Conditioner
AquaLife Complete Water Conditioner Technical Data Sheet Purpose and Benefits AquaLife Complete Water Conditioner is a convenient, liquid, single phase, full-function water conditioner that has been scientifically
More informationICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 1996
ICSE-Science 2 (Chemistry) 1996 Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading
More informationBIOXIDE. Slimicide, Biocide, Biodispersant, Bio-oxidation
Watch- Biocides 100% Biodegradable! Slimicide, Biocide, Biodispersant, Bio-oxidation TM Watch- TM is a very high class bactericide, fungicide and Algaecide that kills the growth of microorganisms without
More informationCE 370. Wastewater Characteristics. Quality. Wastewater Quality. The degree of treatment depends on: Impurities come from:
CE 37 Wastewater Characteristics Quality Wastewater Quality The degree of treatment depends on: Influent characteristics Effluent characteristics Impurities come from: Domestic activities Industrial activities
More informationWater Quality in Broiler Houses
Water Quality in Broiler Houses Sander.lourens@wur.nl +31-6-51118024 Programme Training Expert Broiler Management Part 2 Welcome 9:00 Data collection to optimise technical and economic results 9:30 Coffee
More informationMIXED-OXIDANT APPLICATION IN COOLING TOWER MAINTENANCE
MIXED-OXIDANT APPLICATION IN COOLING TOWER MAINTENANCE Paul Petersen, President, Trident Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA and Wesley L. Bradford, Ph.D., Manager, Environmental Programs, Los Alamos Technical
More informationChallenges in Municipal Water Treatment and the MIOX Solution
Challenges in Municipal Water Treatment and the MIOX Solution Part 1 of 3: Overview Surface & Groundwater Treatment Tuesday, December 11 th at 10AM CST Agenda for Part 1 Brief Introduction of MIOX General
More informationLiquid Phase Collection System Odor Control 101
Liquid Phase Collection System Odor Control 101 Presented by Richard Finger Presentation Outline General System Considerations Treatment Technologies Air and Pure Oxygen Injection Oxidants Chlorine and
More informationUnderstanding Water Quality and Ballast Water Management System Limitations
Understanding Water Quality and Ballast Water Management System Limitations Greg D. Simpson, PhD, SPE Great Lakes Fresh Water As shipowners investigate potential ballast water management systems for installation
More informationThe Effectiveness of Disinfectant Residuals in the Distribution System
Office of Water (4601M) Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Total Coliform Rule Issue Paper The Effectiveness of Disinfectant Residuals in the Distribution System PREPARED FOR: U.S. Environmental
More informationImproving Water Quality
Improving Water Quality Treating Disinfection Byproducts (DBP s) Using Chlorine Dioxide (ClO 2 ) &Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Total Organic Content & Florida s Groundwater Florida Groundwater Jar Testing
More informationOzone Technology for Winery Applications presented by DEL Ozone. Page 1
Ozone Technology for Winery Applications presented by DEL Ozone Page 1 Ozone History 1976 EPA Approves Ozone as an Antimicrobial 1982 IBWA Bottled Water Specifications Approve Ozone as an Antimicrobial
More informationAmmonia Removal and ph Adjustment in Aerated Lagoons
Ammonia Removal and ph Adjustment in Aerated Lagoons WWOA 45 th Annual Conference Thursday, October 6 th, 2011, 8:50 AM Presented by: Jeremiah Wendt, PE SEH Overview Ammonia Background Chemistry Toxicity
More informationCO forms CO 2. forms. (a) The coke reacts with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide. C + O 2
1 Iron is extracted from the ore hematite in the Blast Furnace. waste gases firebrick lining raw materials: coke, C iron ore, Fe 2 O 3 limestone, CaCO 3 CO forms air slag molten iron CO 2 forms (a) The
More informationWM 03 Conference, February 23-27, 2003, Tucson, AZ IN-SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN THE PRESENCE OF RADIONUCLIDES
IN-SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN THE PRESENCE OF RADIONUCLIDES ABSTRACT Duane K. Root, Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure Treatability testing for In Situ Chemical Oxidation was
More informationALKALINITY (ALKAPHOT)
PHOT.2.AUTO TEST INSTRUCTIONS ALKALINITY (ALKAPHOT) TEST FOR TOTAL ALKALINITY IN NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS Photometer Method AUTOMATIC WAVELENGTH SELECTION 0 500 mg/l CaCO 3 Natural and treated waters
More informationCyanide Concentration Changes in Environmental Water Samples as a Function of Sample Preservation, and Holding Time
Application Note 36690111 Cyanide Concentration Changes in Environmental Water Samples as a Function of Sample Preservation, and Holding Time Keywords ASTM D 7365-09a Challenge Matrix Holding Time Matrix
More informationChloramination of Drinking Water in Scotland Nic Booker Clean Water Process Technical Lead Scottish Water
Chloramination of Drinking Water in Scotland Nic Booker Clean Water Process Technical Lead Scottish Water Contents What is chloramination Pros and Cons of chloramination How to chloraminate water Operating
More informationCYANIDE WASTES. Significance
1 of 17 CYANIDE WASTES Significance Cyanides are toxic to aquatic life, interfere with normal biological processes of natural purification in streams, present a hazard to agricultural uses of water, and
More informationPresented by: Helen Cerra. October 11, 2012
Presented by: Helen Cerra ChemTreat, Inc. October 11, 2012 ASHRAE Standard 188P Status/ review CTI Update Status/review t Bacteria Control Quebec City, Quebec Edinburgh, Scotland Chicago, Illinois Blanes,
More informationWhat is GO 2? Visit Manufactured in the United States
What is GO 2? GO 2 is a new, safe product to produce 95+% pure Chlorine Dioxide at high yields without expensive equipment, dangerous precursor chemicals or extensive operator training. GO 2 uses 2 simple
More informationCHAPTER 7 (Part 2) Water Processing
CHAPTER 7 (Part 2) Water Processing 7 10 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS Dissolved SOCs rarely adsorb to metal hydroxides formed by coagulant chemicals and to polymers Coagulation/sedimentation/filtration
More informationcarbon dioxide hydrogen hydrogen chloride oxygen answer... [1] [1]
1 Anita investigates the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution (brine). Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus she uses. gas X chlorine negative electrode positive electrode + (a)
More informationConcentration-Time (CT) Assessment Theory and Application Examples. Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc.
Concentration-Time (CT) Assessment Theory and Application Examples Chlorine Demand The consumption of the chlorine used for disinfection What is added What is used What remains Dosage Demand = Residual
More informationWater Quality. CE 370 Lecture 1. Global Distribution of Earth s s Water
Water Quality CE 370 Lecture 1 Global Distribution of Earth s s Water Water Demand and Supply in Saudi Arabia Total Water Consumption = 22 billion m 3 /Year Water Demand Water Supply Industrial Domestic
More informationDelayed Coker Blowdown System Water Reuse
Delayed Coker Blowdown System Water Reuse Presented by Mitch Moloney of ExxonMobil Research & Engineering mitchell.j.moloney@exxonmobil.com Budapest Hungary coking.com October-2017 a This material is not
More informationBenefits of On-line Monitoring of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Benefits of On-line Monitoring of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus New Jersey Water Environment Association Dan Davis Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Benefits of On-Line Monitoring Environment Consumers
More informationFull-Scale Testing of UV/Chlorine for Potable Reuse
Full-Scale Testing of UV/Chlorine for Potable Reuse Greg Wetterau, CDM Smith R. Bruce Chalmers, CDM Smith Christopher Schulz, CDM Smith Overview Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and advanced oxidation have
More informationInfluence of operating parameters on ammonia nitrogen removal from micro-polluted water by electro-coagulation-flotation with aluminum electrodes
Influence of operating parameters on ammonia nitrogen removal from micro-polluted water by electro-coagulation-flotation with aluminum electrodes Long Yang*, Zheng Shen*,Yalei Zhang** * National Engineering
More informationCITY OF LOMITA CYPRESS WATER PRODUCTION FACILITY OFF-LINE TESTING
CITY OF LOMITA CYPRESS WATER PRODUCTION FACILITY OFF-LINE TESTING 2 Good Results Title 22 Requirements California Department of Public Health monitors wells throughout the state Title 22 reports Lomita
More informationElectricity and Chemistry
Electricity and Chemistry Electrochemistry: It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the reactions involving the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice-versa. Electrochemical
More informationcarbon anode/+ (1) electrolyte Al 2 O 3 with or dissolved in or solution in cathode/ (1) (steel outer)
1. Aluminium occurs as bauxite, which contains aluminium oxide with impurities mainly of iron (III) oxide and silica. (a) (b) (c) Outline how bauxite is processed to give pure aluminium oxide, showing
More informationA New qpcr Array for Costeffective Quantification of MIC Microorganisms
A New qpcr Array for Costeffective Quantification of MIC Microorganisms Kerry Sublette University of Tulsa Dora Ogles, Brett Baldwin, Anita Biernacki, Katherine Clark Microbial Insights, Inc. What is MIC?
More informationBiofilm Management. Paul Fisher, California 2017
Biofilm Management Paul Fisher, pfisher@ufl.edu California 2017 1 There are many aspects of water quality. Know what you are treating for Pathogens, algae, biofilm/microbes, (biological) Alkalinity, EC,
More informationDrinking Water Disinfection A History and Improved Monitoring Techniques. Randy Turner Technical Director, Chemist Swan Analytical USA
Drinking Water Disinfection A History and Improved Monitoring Techniques By Randy Turner Technical Director, Chemist Swan Analytical USA History In many countries we take for granted the availability and
More informationRegulatory Compliance
AWWA Manual M56 Chapter 1 Introduction and Impact on Regulatory Compliance Melinda Friedman Amie Hanson Y. Koby Cohen INTRODUCTION Nitrification is a microbiological process by which reduced nitrogen compounds
More informationA Bug s Life: Simulating, Planning and Implementing a Temporary Conversion from Chloramines to Free Chlorine for Biofilm Control
A Bug s Life: Simulating, Planning and Implementing a Temporary Conversion from Chloramines to Free Chlorine for Biofilm Control Simon Horsley, Stantec Consulting, 300-675 Cochrane Drive West Tower, Markham,
More informationQUALITY CORROSIVE BACTERIA TESTING MATERIALS FOR THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY: SHIPPED FAST!
QUALITY CORROSIVE BACTERIA TESTING MATERIALS FOR THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY: SHIPPED FAST! Biotechnology Solutions TX, LLC 10516 Kipp Way Dr. Ste B Houston, TX 77099 Telephone: (281) 531-5319 Fax: (281) 531-5031
More informationNJWA Presents DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS: TREATMENT OPTIONS & CHALLENGES. Stage 2 D/DBPR. Trihalomethanes DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS.
NJWA Presents DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS: TREATMENT OPTIONS & CHALLENGES Donald C. Kucher Chlorinator & Instrument Service, Inc. Hampton, NJ 908-735-2303 email cl2fixd@aol.com www.cl2fixd.com Stage 2 D/DBPR
More informationUSEPA s Pursuit of New Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteriophage:
USEPA s Pursuit of New Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteriophage: What it means to you and your WRRF Brian Hilts, P.E. February 6 th, 2017 Outline Current AWQC NYS Disinfection Survey NYS Regulations
More informationCHEMISTRY. SCIENCE Paper 2. (Two hours) You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
CHEMISTRY SCIENCE Paper 2 (Two hours) Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading
More informationCHEMNIUM NACLO SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE GENERATOR
CHEMNIUM NACLO SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE GENERATOR www.chemnium.com R ALL FOR BETTER WATER SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE NACLO APPLICATION Tap Water Disinfection Food & Beverage Processing Disinfection Waste Water Treatment
More informationBoiling point in C. Colour in aqueous solution. Fluorine 188 colourless. Chlorine 35 pale green. Bromine X orange.
Q1.This question is about halogens and their compounds. The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Element Boiling point in C Colour
More informationThe New Rules: Desalination, Chloramination and Beyond
The New Rules: Desalination, Chloramination and Beyond TAWWA / WEAT South Texas Summer Seminar David A. Williams, P.E June 17, 2016 Presentation Outline Desalination The Two Step Process Chloramination
More informationMicrobial Solutions Treat Frac Water
MARCH 2 The Better Business Publication Serving the Exploration / Drilling / Production Industry Microbial Solutions Treat Frac Water By Dennis Degner, Rodney Archibeque, and Christopher Rodriguez HOUSTON
More informationWEFTEC.06. Lake Okeechobee, Actiflo, peroxone, surface water, Cyanobacteria
FRESH IDEAS FOR FRESH WATER: OKEECHOBEE UTILITY AUTHORITY S SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT USES INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY DRINKING WATER FROM LAKE OKEECHOBEE By: Curtis Robinson, E.I.
More informationChlorine alternatives in Fresh Produce production ASI version 1.1
Chlorine alternatives in Fresh Produce production ASI 40002 version 1.1 APPLICATION SUPPORT INFORMATION Understanding your disinfectant the switch from chlorine to chlorine dioxide in the production of
More informationSession 311: Effects of TSS on Peracetic Acid Dosing for CSO Events
Session 311: Effects of TSS on Peracetic Acid Dosing for CSO Events Authors: Robert Freeborn, Jacquelyn Wilson Background Peracetic acid has been used in the food and beverage industry since the 1950 s
More informationANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) proteins /amino acids 1. (b) nitrate will be used up eventually / will run out 1. (c) (i) (3 16) = 85 1
QUESTIONSHEET 1 (a) proteins /amino acids 1 (b) nitrate will be used up eventually / will run out 1 (c) (i) 23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85 1 (ii) 14 / 85 100 = 16.5 (16.47) 2 if incorrect, one mark is given for
More informationMorton Treatment Plant Process Performance Evaluations: The Removal of Microbial Nutrients
Morton Treatment Plant Process Performance Evaluations: The Removal of Microbial Nutrients H 2 O C, Limited 2401 Tahoe Court Columbia, Missouri 65203-1444 877-22-WATER Chronology of Project Initiation
More informationCorrosion and Odor Control in Wastewater Systems
Corrosion and Odor Control in Wastewater Systems Topics to be covered Hydrogen Sulfide Formation and Consequences What has changed since the Clean Water Act Corrosion in Wastewater systems Liquid Phase
More informationUsing PAA as an Alternative WWTP Disinfection Method
Using PAA as an Alternative WWTP Disinfection Method Angie Mettlen WK Dickson Jeremy Brashears, PE WK Dickson John Thorne - WDJ Environmental March 26, 2018 What is Peracetic Acid? Comparative Oxidation
More informationC. Magdo, Altis Semiconductor (Corbeil-Essonne) > APPLICATION NOTE # 2
C. Magdo, Altis Semiconductor (Corbeil-Essonne) > APPLICATION NOTE # 2 INTRODUCTION Manufacturing semiconductors requires a production environment that is extremely stable in means of temperature and hygrometry.
More informationBORABU-MASABA DISTRICTS JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2012 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
Name. School Candidate s Signature. Index No /. Date. 233/2 CHEMISTRY Paper 2 (Theory) JULY / AUGUST - 2012 Time: 2 Hours BORABU-MASABA DISTRICTS JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2012 Kenya Certificate of Secondary
More informationZero Discharge Treatment Method for Cooling Towers and Heat Exchangers with SP3, I-SOFT-OB, OXYDES & KATALOX LIGHT
Zero Discharge Treatment Method for Cooling Towers and Heat Exchangers with SP3, I-SOFT-OB, OXYDES & KATALOX LIGHT By Deepak Chopra Watch Water GmbH Fahrlachstraße 14 68165 Mannheim Germany May 2013 Web:
More informationCompatibility of Scale Inhibitors and Biocides with Fracturing Fluids. Christy C. Wentworth, Ph.D.
Compatibility of Scale Inhibitors and Biocides with Fracturing Fluids Christy C. Wentworth, Ph.D. Agenda What Are Fracturing Fluids? Importance of Compatibility Scale Inhibitor and Biocides in Fracturing
More information