Well and Septic Standards. Tom McCarty Penn State Extension May 13, 2010

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1 Well and Septic Standards Tom McCarty Penn State Extension May 13, 2010

2 Outline Well system Wastewater system

3 Well Features Insect proof well cap Casing above ground Grout seal Ground slope Water table Bedrock Pump Source = DEP Fact Sheet, Guidelines for Installing Private Water Wells in Bedrock

4 Insect Proof Cap

5 Gasket Seal Screened vent

6 Air Screened vent

7 Well Features Insect proof well cap Prevents flow along casing Casing above ground Grout seal Ground slope Water table Bedrock Pump Source = DEP Fact Sheet, Guidelines for Installing Private Water Wells in Bedrock

8 Bentonite: Swelling clay Imported Slurried Pumped into place

9 Grouting Truck

10 Tremie pipe to bottom of casing Grouting a Well

11

12 Well Features Insect proof well cap Casing above ground Grout seal Ground slope Water table Bedrock Pump Source = DEP Fact Sheet, Guidelines for Installing Private Water Wells in Bedrock

13 Important: Slope ground away from well

14 Local Water Quality Effects Wells are recharged by rain. There is some area that recharges the well. Where is this area? How big is this area?

15 Watch This Water Table 50 feet /day

16 Watch This

17

18 Cone of Depression Contaminant path to well

19 Dye moves to stream No dye crosses stream

20 Recharge Area Concepts Wells have cone of depression

21 Cone size depends on demand Radius grows with water use What is R for 100 gpd? R=8

22 Recharge Area Summary Wells have cone of depression Recharge area shape Hot dog 200 Circular

23 What can be in water? Contaminants from the recharge area

24 What is wrong with this picture? Well

25 What can be in water? Contaminants from the recharge area Fertilizer, fuel, weed killer Move hazards when possible Calibrate spreaders and sprayers first, then do the area near well. Contaminants from the aquifer Bacteria Minerals (hardness, iron, hydrogen sulfide, etc.)

26 Contamination by pump repair

27 Shock After Pump Repair

28 Insights So Far Physically protect your well Good cap Grout Slope ground away Protect the recharge area to protect your well Avoid contamination during maintenance

29 Septic Systems How wise was Ben?

30 Franklin Court

31 REa Read Franklin Water Well

32 Franklin Privy Pit

33

34 Septic System Basics Components Maintaining Septic System Water Conservation

35 Why Care about your Septic System? Homeowners are responsible Decisions you make can save or cost you a lot of money You drink the water you flush

36 Basic Components Septic tank Absorption field Distribution box / Pump tank

37 Septic Tank Water tight container made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene Holds wastewater long enough to settle out solids Oils and grease float to the surface Partially treats wastewater

38 Inspection Port Inlet Septic Tank Manhole Scum Inspection Port Outlet Sludge

39 Two Compartment Septic Tank Gas deflector

40 Risers

41 Basic Components Septic tank Absorption field Distribution box / Pump tank

42 48 48

43 48 of vertical separation

44 Topsoil Geotextile Gravel Bio-mat Treatment Zone Insulation Separator 12 Distributes Waste water Remove nutrients Final cleaning

45 Bio-mat Slows flow Filters solids Catches bacteria Treatment Zone Removes: Suspended solids (1 st foot) 48 Nutrients Bacteria (2 nd foot) 400 under Saturated conditions Viruses removed in last 2 feet

46 Absorption Field Wastewater is pushed from the septic tank every time new wastewater enters your tank Receives partially treated wastewater Final treatment occurs during percolation through the soil

47

48 Malfunctions Discharge to surface or groundwater Unpleasant odor Sewage backing up in plumbing

49 Basic Components Septic tank Absorption field Distribution box / Pump tank

50 Distribution Box Where waste is spread across filtration area May need pumped if slope is not efficient

51 Distribution Box

52

53

54

55

56 Maintaining Your System Get tank pumped Be conscious of what you flush Conserve water

57 Tank Pumping (Yrs. between cleanings) Tank Size (gal) # of People in Household

58 Saving Money Pumping costs about $100 - $150 for the average 1000 gallon tank New septic systems costs $5,000 to $25,000. ~ Get your septic system components inspected when you get your system pumped

59 What about Additives? Normal body wastes contains enough bacteria to digest organic solids Additives cost $$$ and may do more harm then good There is no substitute for pumping

60 Thing to keep out of your Septic System Things such as: Paper towels, feminine hygiene products, cigarettes, diapers, and other kitchen and bathroom items Oils, fats, and grease Chemicals, gasoline, oil, pesticides, paint, or antifreeze ~ Minimize of use of Garbage Disposals

61 Why should I care about conserving water? Overloading your system may send solids to your drain field Reduces the life of your septic system Costs you money to create a new one Conserving water reduces the cost of treating water Decrease your cone of depression

62 Why should I conserve water?

63 100 Flow reverses

64 Isolation Distances WELL 100 Well

65 Tips to Conserve Water Install Low Flow Hardware and Fixtures such as: low flow shower heads, faucets aerators, high-efficiency toilettes and wash machines

66 Tips to Conserve Water Change your habits Turn off water while shaving and brushing your teeth Run dishwasher and clothes washer only when they are full Do not take marathon showers Fix leaky fixtures Limit the number of wash loads daily

67 Summary Well protection Grout Sanitary cap Slope ground Protect from contaminants Septic system Pump Conserve water Recharge Area

68 The End Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce. Thank You

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