Cuyahoga River. What did your reading say about it? Why is it important?

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1 Unit 3 water

2 November 1

3 Cuyahoga River What did your reading say about it? Why is it important?

4 Thames River What did your reading say about it? Why is it important?

5 Ganges River What did your reading say about it? Why is it important? Brett Cole Photography

6 Lake Washington & Puget sound Turn to page 531 so we can read it as a class

7 The Great Lakes

8 Eutrophication Poster Activity Draw and annotate the process of cultural eutrophication (on the whiteboard) and make it pretty

9

10 Bellwork - 11/2 Reflect on the following water purification process. How do they do it? Would you drink it? Why or why not?

11 Why can t groundwater cleanse itself very well?

12 Why can t groundwater cleanse itself very well? 1) Groundwater flows very slowly (it can t disperse effectively) 2) Cold temperatures mean slower chemical reactions (less decomposition) 3) A lot of pollutants entering from many sources, difficult to locate and remove 4) Less oxygen for aerobic bacteria that would decompose pollutants

13 Vocabulary Review What s a plume? Degradable wastes? Slowly degradable? And nondegradable waste? (with examples)

14 Vocabulary Review What s a plume? Contaminated water underground, spreads out Degradable wastes? Slowly degradable? And nondegradable waste? (with examples) DW - breaks down easily (food, paper, and other organic material) SD - broken down slowly (pesticides) ND - can t be broken down in human time (lead, arsenic, plastic, styrofoam)

15 Arsenic Where does it come from? What does it do? What could be done?

16 Arsenic Where does it come from? Naturally occurs in rocks, released by mining What does it do? Death, cancer of skin/bladder/lungs What could be done? Nanocrystal technology, making the standards stricter

17 Arsenic Write in your bellwork Would you be willing to pay more for drinking water if the higher price was necessary to guarantee arsenic concentrations lower than 5 ppb? How much more would you pay? Explain?

18 Bellwork - 11/3 Turn in pg Using the map on the next slide, what watershed is the one to which your home drains? What activities would lead to water or pollution entering that location? (Unless you have a septic tank, don t say wastewater. It goes to the water reclamation plant)

19

20 Drinking Water Treatment Methods Flocculation-Sedimentation, aka coagulation, as smaller particles are combined to make larger ones using alum, iron salts or synthetic organic polymers

21 Drinking Water Treatment Methods Filtration removes clays, silts, natural organic matter, and precipitants

22 Drinking Water Treatment Methods Disinfection via Cl, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and UV

23 Figure courtesy of EPA

24

25 Drinking Water Treatment Methods Adsorption contaminants stick to activated carbon

26 Drinking Water Treatment Methods Ion Exchange, removes inorganic constituents like As, Cr, Fl, NO3-, Ra, U

27 Water Quality Analysis Lab On Monday, we ll be doing a Write down a detailed water quality analysis lab, description of the sample where we ll be testing water site around Tallahassee. - Living organisms? - What kind of urbanization? Each group needs TWO (2) - What kind of BOTTLES OF WATER and at vegetation? least ONE needs to be from a natural source around town (Lake Ella, Tom Brown Park, Lake Killearn, AJ Henry Park, etc...)

28 What pollutes the oceans?

29 Nitrates Pollute the Ocean Nitrates from fertilizers runoff into the ocean Nitrates spur rapid growth of algae When they die, decomposing bacteria use up all the oxygen to eat up the dead algae Fish, shrimp, crabs die

30

31 This creates a hypoxia, or oxygen-depleted zone Sometimes referred to as a dead zone (even though anaerobic organisms thrive) NOAA

32

33 What pollutes the ocean?

34 What pollutes the ocean?

35

36 What pollutes the ocean?

37 What pollutes the ocean?

38 Exxon Valdez

39 Reflect Why does this happen? What can we do? HW: Pg Water bottle samples

40 November 4 Bellwork - Complete the Data analysis on pg 559 Yes, you ll have a range for #1! Hint for #3-95% efficient means 95% is removed. How much is left? Be sure not to use a calculator. Make sure to show your math for #3 and your units. HW: Makeup missing outlines Water bottle samples

41 November 4 Bellwork - Complete the Data analysis on pg 559 1) µl 2) no, because 3) 2.5 µl which complies because HW: Makeup missing outlines Water bottle samples

42 Finish Exxon Valdez

43 Laws Ocean Dumping Ban Act (1988) - makes it unlawful to dump or transport for the purpose of dumping any sewage, sludge, or industrial waste into the ocean. BUT it still happens illegally and by countries that haven t banned it Oil Spill Prevention and Liability Act (1990) - strengthened the EPA s ability to prevent and respond to oil spills

44 Group Review 1) What s the difference between a point and nonpoint pollution source? (glossary) 2) What are 6 ways to reduce surface water pollution from nonpoint sources? (Section 5) 3) What does the Clean Water Act do? 4) What has the US done in reducing point source pollution? 5) Describe the process of primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment. 6) Describe a nature-based sewage treatment method? 7) Which 3 actions under What can you do are the most important? Why? When done, exchange whiteboards with another group for feedback

45

46

47 November 4 HW: Makeup missing outlines Bring water bottle samples

48 Other Information

49

50 Water Pollutants - Heavy Metals Lead - can come from lead pipes, pipe fittings, and pipe solders Fetuses and infants most sensitive, since it can damage the brain, nervous system, and kidneys Arsenic - can come from Earth s crust, so it s increased by mining and industrial use Causes cancers of the skin, lungs, kidneys, and bladder Mercury - can come from burning of fossil fuels, incineration of garbage, hazardous waste, medical and dental supplies, and the production of cement Inorganic mercury is not particularly harmful, but when released in the environment, it

51 Water Pollutants - Heavy Metals Mercury - can come from burning of fossil fuels, incineration of garbage, hazardous waste, medical and dental supplies, and the production of cement Inorganic mercury is not particularly harmful, but when released in the environment, it becomes methylmercury via bacteria. This damages the central nervous system and thus, impaired coordination and senses Usually comes from eating fish and shellfish due to bioaccumulation

52 Water Pollutants - Acids Acid deposition resulting from industrial plants burning coal that release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air and combines with precipitation Acid mine drainage resulting from abandoned underground mines that flood and pyrite breaks down and releases hydrogen ions. This acidic water then finds its way into springs and streams

53 Water Pollutants - Synthetic Organic Compounds Pesticides can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, like DDT leading to the thinning of eagle eggshells and an inert ingredient in Roundup causing suffocation in tadpoles Pharmaceuticals and Hormones can enter the groundwater if it doesn t get removed from wastewater treatment and causes hormonal issues in aquatic organisms Perchlorates, used in rocket fuels, can leach from contaminated soil into groundwater. Consumption of this water leads to issue with the thyroid gland and decrease of hormone production

54 Water Pollutants - Synthetic Organic Compounds Industrial compounds like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of compounds used for plastic manufacturing and electrical transformer insulation, that are lethal and carcinogenic. There is also concern about PTBEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), or flame retardants, as they ve been detected in fish, aquatic birds, and human breast milk and they can cause brain damage Nonylphenol used in laundry & dish detergents, emulsifers and stabilizers, endocrine system disrupter Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are released from burning coal, burned meat, oil, etc...and can cause cancer

55 Perched water table Accumulation of water above an unsaturated zone

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