ENERGY GENERATION FROM WASTE. Fatih HOŞOĞLU Operations Manager Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Istanbul Environmental Management Company

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1 ENERGY GENERATION FROM WASTE Fatih HOŞOĞLU Operations Manager Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Istanbul Environmental Management Company

2 GENERAL INFORMATION The number of refugees in Turkey has reached over 3 million people, making Turkey the host country with the largest refugee population in the world. 90% of the Syrians live outside of refugee camps Camp and non-camp waste management systems are different. Municipality services are planned according to the population. Thus, the services sometimes are not sufficient because of the rapid influx of refugees.

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4 Waste Management in Host Cities in Turkey Refugees in cities should be integrated current waste management system. For camp waste management systems, collection and transportation of waste should be developed. Reducing the waste amount Promoting the waste separation at the source Deciding best available technics and implementation A Project funded by U.S. State Department Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (USBPRM) aims the effective waste management system in Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality.

5 WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY 5

6 WASTE MANAGEMENT There are several factors in converting wastes into energy and materials. Not possible to solve the waste problem and convert it to energy in economical way by just buying and installing some equipment. Consideration of the vision of the city, environmental and health protection regulations Selection of treatment method based on the energy or materials forms of the final products and their market and prices treatment method.

7 Solid Waste Disposal Technology Biologic Systems MBT Composting Biomethanization Wet Dry Thermal Systems Incineration Gazification Pyrolysis Landfill

8 ENERGY from WASTE (EfW) or WASTE to ENERGY (WtE) Process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste There are a number of other new and emerging technologies that are able to produce energy from waste and other fuels without direct combustion. Energy from waste technologies Thermal Non-Thermal

9 THERMAL METHODS

10 INCINERATION The most common and popular method for waste to energy generation is Incineration. Safety and environmental technology Thirty to forty years ago for reducing the volume of waste Incinerators in operation are waste-toenergy facilities Istanbul Project

11 INCINERATION

12 Gasification Gasification converts carbonaceous substances into carbon dioxide, carbon mono oxide and some amount of hydrogen. Like incineration but high temperatures Fossil fuels or organic substances as raw material Synthesis gas (syngas) for heat and electricity Istanbul Project 23 MWh Electricity

13 Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of feedstock at a range of temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The end product is a mixture of solids (char), liquids (oxygenated oils), and syngas.

14 Thermal Removal Methods - Comparisons Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification Reaction temperature( C) Combustion chamber pressure (bar) Environment Air Inert Nitrogen O 2,H 2 O Stochiometric air rate Gas phase products > 1 0 < 1 CO 2, H 2 O, O 2, H 2, CO, H 2 O, N 2 H 2, CO, CO 2, N 2 CH 4, H 2 O, N 2 Solid phase products Ash, Coal clinker Ash, Coal clinker Coal clinker, Ash Liquid phase products - Pyrolysis oil,water - Resource: Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration, European Comission Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Brüksel, 2006

15 NON-THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Anaerobic digestion in control and uncontrolled environmental conditions Landfill Gas Biomethanization Plant Micro organisms are used to destroy the biodegradable content. No oxygen is present during this procedure. In developing countries for creating low energies for cooking and lighting in homes.

16 ENERGY GENERATION FROM LANDFILL GAS (LFG) In a dumping area (open landfill), the oxygen can diffuse into the waste. while the deeper part of the landfill goes through the anaerobic digestion, The methane present in landfill gas is a source of energy. A typical landfill of a city with 100,000 inhabitants produces 500 m 3 /hour LFG 2,2 MWh kw energy, converted to 0,7-0,8 MWh electricity

17 LFG Energy Plant Inner Combustion Engine

18 BIOMETHANIZATION A better quality of methane can be produced in digesters. wet digestion and dry digestion The wet digestion higher yield of methane gas Istanbul Project

19 Anaerobic Digestion (Biomethanization)

20 INCINERATION vs BIOMETHANIZATION An important factor to decide if the waste should be incinerated or digested the amount of water too wet, the energy added for incineration the dry wastes to incineration wet wastes to anaerobic digestion

21 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION