WASTE 2016 Waste water Recycling (Waste Water treatment)

Transcription

1 WASTE 2016 The degrading global environmental awareness has taken public concern all over the world in various sectors, including education. Higher education as the front liner of innovation and the development of science and technology should be a role model in a nurturing environment. Universitas Sebelas Maret as one of the universities that care about the environment, initiates to keep the environment clean, green, and healthy through the Green Campus program. A university should meet the required indicators and criteria to realize the Green Campus. One of them is the management and treatment of organic or inorganic, hazardous and toxic, and disposal waste. Several programs and activities in processing and managing waste encompass Recycing Program for University Waste, Toxic Waste Recycling, Organic Waste Treatment, Inorganic Waste Treatment, and Sewage Disposal. 1. Waste water Recycling (Waste Water treatment) UNS conducts waste water recycling program. It aims to maximize waste water reuse by processing domestic wastewater in UNS, which consequently contributes to the improvement of efficiency of water consumption. Recycled water use in UNS is embodied through a sprinkler watering system for watering grass in the green space area. Recycled water of domestic wastewater is also used for watering plants. It can be seen through the image below: 1

2 Picture 1. The use of recycled wastewater for watering plants with water sprinkler On the other hand, domestic wastewater sewer system and integrated drainage system for rainwater have been made around the faculties, institution, Central Office and servicing units (UPT) in UNS. The domestic wastewater will flow to the ponds, which finally drains to the Bengawan Solo river. 2

3 Picture 2 Integrated sewer system in UNS (A-B), Domestic wastewater pond that is also functioned as water resources conservation pond (C-D). 3

4 Picture 3 Watering the garden with lake water Currently, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP -IPAL), a domestic wastewater treatment system, is being built by UNS facilitated by the Ministry of Public Works. The construction of the WWTP aims to control the wastewater, especially in the inaccessible area of wastewater treatment system in the region of Jebres, Surakarta (including Universitas Sebelas Maret). The WWTP will integrate and process the waste of the residential area near the campus, RW Jebres Region and internal campus in a single waste treatment. 4

5 Below is the picture of the construction plan of WWTP UNS 5

6 Green Construction Concept in the process of building WWTP in UNS 6

7 Green Construction According to Budisuanda (2011), green construction includes several aspects, as follow: Construction process which minimizes the use of material causing environmental damage Construction process which does not disturb the tranquility around Methods of operation which does not produce waste over the threshold of tolerance Methods of operation which does not disturb the balance of surrounding nature Implementation of development that does not pollute the environment on dangerous chemicals The development process that should take advantage of the material debris. Picture 4 The image of integrated WWTP construction in UNS in cooperation with the Ministry of Public Works and Indonesian Public Housing

8 2. Organic and Inorganic Waste Treatment and Management Process One of the biggest wastes generated by the activity and the environment of UNS is organic waste such as leaves and paper. In 2014, UNS has started separating organic and inorganic waste with emphasizing on organic and inorganic trash bin. Therefore, there must be organic and inorganic trash bin in every faculty/work units and along the way in UNS. The data of separation of organic and inorganic waste has been raised in Previously, in 2013, it was only about 22.7% (5 faculties) from all faculties and work units that perform organic and inorganic waste separation. In 2014, organic and inorganic trash bins were provided throughout faculties, work units, and all the way in UNS (almost 100%) 8

9 Picture 5 Organic and inorganic trash can in each faculty, work unit and along the way in UNS. Nowadays, UNS is independently conducting the organic waste processing (fully composted organic waste) by utilizing a composting tool in the Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering. However, organic waste is also partly used and managed by third parties. From 2014 to the present (2016), there are some efforts that have been made in an attempt to reduce paper use, such as: the using of 9

10 electronic mail (SMS or ) for internal meeting invitations, the using of the unused side of paper/on the blank side or using soft file only for paper consultation. Meanwhile, in term of in-organic Waste Treatment, UNS only conducts the waste collecting to be kept in one container in order not to spread and scattered. This inorganic waste management is given to third parties. Picture 6 The officers who sweep the leaf litter (a), The officer who sweeps garden (b), The officer who takes away the trash (c d) 10

11 Organic Waste Treatment in Faculty of Agriculture Picture 7 The processing of organic waste treatment (a) Anaerobic composting process (b) composting process (c-d) composts product in the Faculty of Agriculture Organic Waste Treatment in Faculty of Engineering There is a Compost Processing Unit in Faculty of Engineering UNS. It is a place to process leaf litter to turn into compost. Since December 2013, this unit had already started processing the leaf litter as a cooperation between Faculty of Engineering and WIKA and it is still operated today (2016). The unit was initially managed by the Faculty of Engineering but it is run by the Students' Cooperative (KOPMA) now. This unit already uses leaf crushing tool. However, it is not maximum because it can only be used for chopping little leaf litter and the crushing process should be repeated up to 2 times. 11

12 The destroyed leaf litter will be fermented in sealed drums for 2-3 weeks. After that, it is wrapped in a plastic and labeled as Pupuk Kompos Semar, in which the weight of the compost fertilizer is 1 kilo gram. This fertilizer, then, is used as fertilizer for plants on campus. Some of the fertilizers are also sold to the surrounding community. The Compost Processing Unit is not operated everyday. Sometimes, it is only operated 3 times a week and it can produce approximately 70 packs of compost. Picture 8 The processing of organic waste treatment (a) Anaerobic composting process (b) composting process (c) composts product (d) in the Faculty of Engineering. 3. Toxic Waste Recycling Several faculties and units in UNS dominate the waste production of B3 criteria. They are Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Servicing Unit of Laboratory of UNS. 12

13 UNS has high activity in the laboratory. Llaboratory plays an important role in improving the quality and quantity of education for students and for lectures who conduct research. As results of lab work done by the students in addition to a preliminary analysis show that there are several numbers of sample containing hazardous substances such as heavy metals, including Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, and more. The management of toxic waste of UNS is partly conducted in cooperation with third parties and the rest conducted by UNS in the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The waste treatment unit has been built since 2009, especially from the Servicing Unit of Central Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science. In 2015, in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Works, UNS has built an integrated Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) to accommodate the waste produced by the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science and Faculty of Medicine, as shown in Figure 8. Picture 9 WWTP in the Integrated Laboratory of UNS (a), WWTP in Sub-Laboratory of Chemistry (b), tank to process the laboratory wastewater(c), the management of toxic waste in the tank to be processed by third parties (d) 13

14 Picture 10. WWTP in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science to accomodate the waste produced by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science and Faculty of Medicine. 14