INPRO TM Towards Nuclear Energy System Sustainability Waste Management and Environmental Stressors

Transcription

1 10th GIF-IAEA Interface Meeting IAEA HQs, Vienna, Austria April 2016 INPRO TM Towards Nuclear Energy System Sustainability Waste Management and Environmental Stressors

2 General information 2 Title: Towards Nuclear Energy System Sustainability Waste Management and Environmental Stressors May 2016, Vienna Part of the INPRO methodology update project Objective: to discuss nuclear energy system sustainability on two aspects for sustainable development, namely waste management and environmental stressors; to discuss two revised INPRO manuals. 29 nominations from 19 INPRO member States so far No nominations from GIF

3 Evolution of INPRO methodology: TECDOC-1362 TECDOC-1434 TECDOC-1575 (9 volumes) 9 Nuclear Energy Series reports Early versions Current full version Planned (project commenced in Nov 2012)

4 INPRO methodology update: overview : Economics and Infrastructure published as NE Series Reports NG- T-4.4 and NG-T-3.12; 2015: Depletion of resources published as NE Series Report NG-T-3.13.

5 INPRO methodology update: Environmental Stressors 5 Environmental stressors update progress: Jul 2015: Approved by IAEA Publication Committee (NE Series NG-T-3.14); Current status: In publication

6 INPRO methodology update: structure of area of environment in Basic Principle BP1: Acceptability of expected adverse environmental effects UR: Controllability of environmental stressors; UR: Adverse effects as low as reasonably practicable. Basic Principle BP2 : Fitness for purpose. UR: Consistency with resource availability; UR: Adequate net energy output. NES interfaces: Other Industries Nuclear Energy System Boundary Environment Energy and Industrial Materials Recycling Mining and Milling Fuel processing Energy Conversion Spent Fuel and Waste Management Waste disposal Fissile &Fertile Materials Other Materials Environmental stressors Environmental effects Construction Operation Decommissioning

7 INPRO methodology update: Environmental Stressors 7 Area of Environment was requested to split into two separate areas: Environmental impact of stressors; Environmental impact from depletion of resources. No changes in BP for the area of environmental stressors: The expected adverse environmental effects of (new) NES shall be well within the performance envelope of current nuclear energy systems delivering similar energy product. Structure of INPRO requirements in these two areas has been modified for better transparency and flexibility, e.g. separate criteria on: Adverse effects of non-radiological stressors; Effects of stressors on non-human biota.

8 INPRO area of environmental stressors: structure 8 Simplified structure : Controllability of stressors (limitation): Radiation exposure to public and non-human biota; Impact of chemicals and other non-radiation stressors Reduction of environmental impact of radiation (total radiotoxicity*); Optimisation of measures reducing environmental impact UR1: controllability of stressors CR1.1: radiation exposure of public CR1.2: radiation exposure of nonhuman species BP: acceptability of environmental effects UR2: total impact of radioactivity CR2.1: reduction of impact of radiation UR3: optimisation of measures CR3.1: optimisation of measures Note: * - Ability of radionuclides to cause harmful effects because of its radioactivity CR1.3: impact of non-radiation stressors

9 Environmental impact of stressors: scope of consideration (1/2) 9 Environment includes: Human beings & non-human biota; Abiotic components, including air, water, soil and landscape; Interactions among these components Environmental effect includes detrimental change of environment: Physical, chemical or biological change; Health effects on people, plants and animals; Effects on quality of life Stressor includes entities that can induce an adverse response in environment: Radioactive & non-radioactive emissions to air, water (fresh and groundwater) and soil; Waste heat discharges, land use, etc

10 Environmental impact of stressors: scope of consideration (2/2) 10 INPRO assessment of environmental impact of stressors is focused on screening of single facilities within a given NES option: Mining and milling facilities; Refining and conversion; Enrichment; UOX and MOX fabrication; NPP and spent fuel storage; Reprocessing; Normal operation, including off-normal events (AOO): no accidents considered in this area. Interfaces with other INPRO areas: Releases from waste disposal discussed in INPRO manual on Waste Management (i.e. UR1 does not cover waste disposal facilities). However consideration of radiotoxicity (UR2) and optimisation of measures (UR3) involve waste disposal.

11 INPRO methodology update: Waste Management 11 Waste Management update progress: 2015: draft update completed; 2Q 2016: draft report planned to be reviewed; 3Q 2016: will be submitted to publication

12 INPRO methodology update: structure of waste management area in Basic Principle BP1: Waste minimization UR: Reduction of waste at the source. Basic Principle BP2 : Protection of human health and the environment UR: Protection of human health; UR: Protection of environment. Basic Principle BP3 : Burden on future generations UR: End state; UR: Waste management costs attribution. Basic Principle BP4 : Waste optimization UR: Waste classification; UR: Predisposal waste management.

13 INPRO methodology update: waste management (1/2) 13 Single BP for the area of waste management: Radioactive waste in a NES shall be managed in such a way that it will not impose undue burdens on future generations; Structure of INPRO requirements in these two areas has been modified for better transparency and flexibility Eliminated overlapping and contradictions with the area of environmental stressors

14 INPRO methodology update: waste management (2/2) 14 Simplified structure of the INPRO manual on waste management: Waste minimisation, categorization and classification; End states for all classes of radioactive waste, i.e. VLLW, VSLW, LLW, ILW, HLW and spent fuel (when SF is not planned to be reprocessed): End state technology (including waste forms, packages and specific sites); Safety of end state (safety case); Schedule for achieving end state; Resources (funding, space, capacity etc) Pre-disposal waste management: Process descriptions that encompass the entire waste life cycle; Predisposal waste management safety; Time for waste form production

15 INPRO area of waste management: structure 15 BP: no undue burdens on future generations UR1: classification, categorisation, minimisation UR2 end state UR3: predisposal waste management CR1.1: classification and categorisation CR2.1: end state technology CR3.1: process description CR1.2: minimisation CR2.2: safety of end state CR3.2: time for waste form production CR2.3: schedule for achieving end state CR3.3: predisposal waste management safety CR2.4: resources for achieving end state

16 INPRO area of waste management: scope of consideration 16 INPRO assessment of waste management is based on analysis of all waste streams from creation to final disposal from a given NES including waste from: Mining and milling; Refining, conversion and enrichment; UOX and MOX fabrication; NPP operation (including spent fuel); Spent fuel storage and reprocessing. Interfaces with other INPRO areas: Releases from waste disposal discussed in INPRO manual on waste management (safety of end state); Safety of spent fuel storage and reprocessing considered as part the INPRO area of safety of fuel cycle; Waste arising from potential large emergency release discussed implicitly as part of end state and predisposal waste management consideration

17 INPRO methodology update: safety of reactor and safety of fuel cycle 17 Update progress: 2014: Safety of reactor draft manual submitted for review: Implemented comments from safety experts, from evolutionary reactors designers (feedback from INPRO DF7), from INPRO collaborative projects (ENV-PE) Safety of fuel cycle draft manual revision coordinated with NSNI. Result expected in 2Q 2016; Planned Schedule: Nov 2016 Technical meeting planned to discuss the drafts; Published. Scope of consideration (simplification of structure): DID levels 1 to 4* taking into account graded approach for fuel cycle facilities (stringency of requirements is commensurate with risks); Independence of DID levels, inherent safety characteristics, human factors and R&D for innovations; Nov 2016 Technical meeting planned to discuss the drafts * - level 5 of DID (emergency preparedness and response) considered in the INPRO area of infrastructure

18 Thank you for your attention!

19 13th INPRO Dialogue Forum on Legal and Institutional Issues in the Global Deployment of Small Modular Reactors October 2016, Vienna; Background: There is a sustained global interest in SMR that can play an important role in globally sustainable energy development. The 59th session of the IAEA General Conference has called upon the Secretariat to continue to promote effective international exchange of Information on SMR. 13th INPRO DF should bring out and elaborate upon legal and institutional issues that are key for global deployment of non-transportable and transportable SMRs. Major objectives: To present SMR progress towards advanced design stages and deployment; To deliberate on SMR economics/ economic models for SMRs, SMR deployment strategies, and SMR markets; To discuss legal and regulatory issues for SMR licensing and deployment, including transportable SMRs To discuss key infrastructure issues for SMR deployment in countries embarking upon a nuclear energy programme. This forum will be prepared and convened jointly by the INPRO Section, NPTDS and NSNI. About 80 participants are anticipated. 19