Guide 34. Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles. p://
|
|
- Jacob Walsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Guide 34 Ecosystem Ecology: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles p://
2 Overview: Ecosystems, Energy, and Matter An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community As well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact
3 Regardless of an ecosystem s size Its dynamics involve two main processes: Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling Energy flows through ecosystems While matter cycles within them
4 Energy flows through an ecosystem Entering as light and exiting as heat Tertiary consumers Microorganisms and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Primary producers Key Heat Chemical cycling Energy flow Sun
5 Environmental Material Cycling Involves TRANSFORMATION In the water cycle it is Transformation of State gas liquid solid In chemical cycles (C, N, P, S) it is Transformation in Redox State
6
7
8 The major Chemical Transformations in the Environment are carried out by microorganisms and on a global scale, very large amounts are transformed every year. Recent increases in anthropogenic N fixation in relation to natural N fixation. Modified from Vitousek, P. M. and P. A. Matson (1993) 1 Tg = 1 X 10 9 kg
9 Microorganisms can make a living off of the energy available in the Electron Tower
10 A General Model of Chemical Cycling All elements Cycle between organic and inorganic reservoirs Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen Occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, potassium, and calcium Cycle on a more local level
11 The carbon cycle Reflects the reciprocal processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
12 Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling Rates Decomposers (detritivores) play a key role In the general pattern of chemical cycling Consumers Producers Nutrients available to producers Decomposers Abiotic reservoir Geologic processes
13 GtC Giga Tons Carbon - One Billion Tons of Carbon
14 In considering material flow through an environment Two Factors need to be considered: Pool Size (Compartment Size) BOXES Flux gain or loss to the pool over some period of time ARROWS N in plants Kg/ha Gm N per day
15
16 Net primary production (NPP) Is equal to Gross primary Production (GPP) minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration Only NPP Is available to consumers
17 Different ecosystems vary considerably in their net primary production And in their contribution to the total NPP on Earth Open ocean Continental shelf Estuary Algal beds and reefs Upwelling zones Extreme desert, rock, sand, ice Desert and semidesert scrub Tropical rain forest Savanna Cultivated land Boreal forest (taiga) Temperate grassland Woodland and shrubland Tundra Tropical seasonal forest Temperate deciduous forest Temperate evergreen forest Swamp and marsh Lake and stream , ,200 1,300 1,600 2,500 2,200 2, Key Marine Terrestrial Freshwater (on continents) ,000 1,500 2,000 2, (a) Percentage of Earth s surface area (b) Average net primary production (g/m 2 /yr) (c) Percentage of Earth s net primary production
18 Overall, terrestrial ecosystems Contribute about two-thirds of global NPP and marine ecosystems about one-third North Pole 60 N 30 N Equator 30 S 60 S South Pole W 60 W 0 60 E 120 E 180
19 Trophic Relationships Energy and nutrients pass from primary producers (autotrophs) To primary consumers (herbivores) and then to secondary consumers (carnivores)
20 Trophic Efficiency Is the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next Usually ranges from 5% to 20%
21 Pyramids of Production This loss of energy with each transfer in a food chain Can be represented by a pyramid of net production Tertiary consumers 10 J Secondary consumers 100 J Primary consumers 1,000 J Primary producers 10,000 J 1,000,000 J of sunlight
22 The dynamics of energy flow through ecosystems Have important implications for the human population Eating meat Is a relatively inefficient way of tapping photosynthetic production
23 Worldwide agriculture could successfully feed many more people If humans all fed more efficiently, eating only plant material Trophic level Secondary consumers Primary consumers Primary producers
24 Food webs: complexes of feeding relationships A food web refers to all the trophic (feeding) connections among species within a community.
25
26
27 Biogeochemical Cycles THE WATER CYCLE THE CARBON CYCLE Solar energy Net movement of water vapor by wind Transport over land CO 2 in atmosphere Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Precipitation over ocean Evaporation from ocean Evapotranspiration from land Precipitation over land Burning of fossil fuels and wood Higher-level Primary consumers consumers Runoff and groundwater Percolation through soil Carbon compounds in water Detritus Decomposition
28 Water moves in a global cycle Driven by solar energy
29 Water Movement is a major force in Geological Change
30 Wadi Zin
31 The nitrogen cycle and the phosphorous cycle THE NITROGEN CYCLE THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE N 2 in atmosphere Rain Assimilation Geologic uplift Weathering of rocks Runoff Plants Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes Ammonification Decomposers Nitrification NO 3 Denitrifying bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Sedimentation Leaching Soil Plant uptake of PO 4 3 Consumption NH 3 NH 4 + NO 2 Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Decomposition
32
33
34 Nitrogen Cycle
35
36
37 The sulfur cycle
38
39 The End
ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important
ECOSYSTEMS Follow along in chapter 54 *Means less important How do ecosystems function? What is an ecosystem? All living things in an area and their abiotic environment Ecosystem function can be easily
More informationChapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Tuesday, September 19, 17
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Reversing Deforestation in Haiti Answers the following: Why is deforestation in Haiti so common? What the negative impacts of deforestation? Name three actions intended counteract
More informationChapter 54. Ecosystems. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 54 Ecosystems PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Overview: Ecosystems, Energy, and Matter An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community,
More informationWhat does each part of the equation mean? q=cm T
Assignment #10 Energy Pyramids LO: I can define trophic levels and explain the energy flow. I can apply those ideas to food webs EQ: Where does all the energy from the sun go? (4-5 sentences) LEVEL ZERO
More informationThe Law of Conservation of Matter. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Matter only changes form There is no away
Review Items Ecosystem Structure The Law of Conservation of Matter Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Matter only changes form There is no away Laws Governing Energy Changes First Law of Thermodynamics
More informationan ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy
1 Ecocsystems: Energy Flow and Materials Cycling 2 EVPP 111 Lecture Dr. Largen Spring 2004 Energy Flow and Matter Cycling Energy flow s through ecosystems ecosystems global energy budget physical laws
More informationChapter 4. Ecosystems
Chapter 4 Ecosystems Chapter 4 Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem Key Vocabulary Terms 7 Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Community A group of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with
More informationEcosystems. Studying Organisms In Their Environment. Division Ave. High School AP Biology. organism. population. community. ecosystem.
Ecosystems Studying Organisms In Their Environment organism population community ecosystem biosphere 1 Essential questions What limits the production in ecosystems? How do nutrients move in the ecosystem?
More informationChapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Reading Questions
APES Name 22 Module 7 Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 17 Module 6 The Movement of Energy 18 Ecosystem Field Walk 19 Module 7 The 23 Module 8 Responses to Disturbances
More informationChapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem
Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem What is ecology? Global human issues Physical limits Ecosystems Organisms Populations Species Interactions Communities Energy flows and nutrients cycle C, H 2 0, P,
More informationUnit 2: Ecology. Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology
Unit 2: Ecology Chapters 2: Principles of Ecology Ecology Probe: Answer the questions and turn it in! This is a standard aquarium with a population of fish. There is no filter in this aquarium and no one
More informationChapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystem Ecology Examines Interactions Between the Living and Non-Living World Ecosystem- A particular location on Earth distinguished by its particular mix of interacting
More informationAutotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
How Ecosystems Work Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS Heterotrophs get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS Two Main forms of
More informationHuman Biology. Chapter 23 Global Ecology and Human Interferences Lecture Outline. Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht
Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 23 Global Ecology and Human Interferences Lecture Outline See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into
More informationEcosystems Section 1 What Is an Ecosystem? Objectives Distinguish Describe Sequence Interactions of Organisms and Their Environment Ecology Habitat
Name Period Ecosystems Section 1 What Is an Ecosystem? Objectives Distinguish an ecosystem from a community. Describe the diversity of a representative ecosystem. Sequence the process of succession. Interactions
More information2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE. nutrients: aka.
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Name: Date: (Reference: BC Science 10 pp. 68 to 91) Block: NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE nutrients: stores: aka Nutrients are accumulated for short or long periods
More informationChapter 36: Population Growth
Chapter 36: Population Growth Population: Population Concepts interbreeding group of same species Carrying Capacity: maximum population size an ecosystem can sustainably support Critical Number: minimum
More informationWhat is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions.
Ecology What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions. Biotic Factors Living things in the environment. Animals Plants Fungi Protists Bacteria Abiotic
More information3 3 Cycles of Matter. EOC Review
EOC Review A freshwater plant is placed in a salt marsh. Predict the direction in which water will move across the plant s cell wall, and the effect of that movement on the plant. a. Water would move out
More informationEcology, the Environment, and Us
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 23 Ecology, the Environment, and Us Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University
More informationBio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide
Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide Below is an outline of the topics and concepts covered on the final exam. This packet also includes a practice test, along with answers to questions 1-44. You may submit
More informationEcology: Part 2. Biology Mrs. Bradbury
Ecology: Part 2 Biology Mrs. Bradbury Model 1: Food Chains Food Chain simple model showing the movement of matter and energy through ecosystems. Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers Arrows show energy transfer
More informationEcosystems & Energy Chapter 5
Ecosystems & Energy Chapter 5 Energy Exchange in Ecosystems Cells Cells - minute compartments in a living organism which carry out processes of life Surrounded by lipid membrane controlling flow of materials
More informationEcosystems: Nutrient Cycles
Ecosystems: Nutrient Cycles Greeks, Native Peoples, Buddhism, Hinduism use(d) Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as the main elements of their faith/culture Cycling in Ecosystems the Hydrologic Cycle What are
More informationDynamics of Ecosystems. Chapter 57
Dynamics of Ecosystems Chapter 57 1 The Water Cycle Nutrient Cycles Trophic Levels Primary Productivity Outline The Energy in Food Chains Ecological Pyramids Interactions Among Trophic Levels Species Richness
More information7.014 Lecture 20: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 2007
Global Nutrient Cycling - Biogeochemical Cycles 7.14 Lecture 2: Biogeochemical Cycles April 1, 27 Uptake Bioelements in Solution Weathering Precipitation Terrestrial Biomass Decomposition Volatile Elements
More information1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods?
Use with textbook pages 68 87. Nutrient cycles Answer the questions below. Comprehension 1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods? 2. Name a biotic process and an abiotic
More informationEcosystem Ecology: Part 1. September 22, 2014 Mr. Alvarez
Ecosystem Ecology: Part 1 September 22, 2014 Mr. Alvarez Ecosystems Ecosystem- a particular location on Earth distinguished by its particular mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components. Forest Ecosystem
More informationUnit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling
Unit 3: Ecology II Section 1: Environmental Systems and Nutrient Cycling Systems in the Environment are not Independent of one Another Central Case Study: The Vanishing Oysters of the Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake
More informationChapter 2. Table of Contents. Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships. Section 2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem. Section 3 Cycling of Matter
Ecosystems Table of Contents Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships Section 2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Section 3 Cycling of Matter Section 1 Organisms and Their Releationships Interactions
More informationInteractions in Ecosystems I. Ecosystem. Interactions in Ecosystems I. Ecosystem
I. Ecosystem A. Definition A unit of nature in which nutrients are cycled and energy flows. B. Abiotic factors: non-living components of the ecosystem. 1. Soil ph, salinity, temperature, texture. 2. Water
More informationCycles of Ma,er. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Lesson Overview Cycles of Ma,er Lesson Overview 3.4 Cycles of Matter THINK ABOUT IT A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these
More informationChapter 29. How Do Ecosystems Work? Lectures by Gregory Ahearn. Ammended by John Crocker. University of North Florida
Chapter 29 How Do Ecosystems Work? Lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Ammended by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.. 29.1 How Do Ecosystems Obtain Energy And Nutrients?
More informationWhat is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment.
Chapter 18 What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment. What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is the sum
More informationENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY. Part 4
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY Part 4 Overview: A) THE BIOSPHERE B) POPULATION ECOLOGY C) COMMUNITY ECOLOGY D) ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY E) THE CARBON & NITROGEN CYCLES F) ECOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES G) SIMPSON S RECIPROCAL
More informationMultiple Choice. Name Class Date
Chapter 3 The Biosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following descriptions about the
More informationThe Carbon Cycle. Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 DATE: NAME: CLASS:
CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-19 The Carbon Cycle Goal Use this page to review the carbon cycle. CHAPTER 2 BLM 1-20 The Carbon Cycle Concept Map Goal Use this page to make a concept map about the carbon cycle. What
More information2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems. Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid?
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems Review How energy flows What is the difference between a food chain, food web, and food pyramid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr1iebeops https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alusi_6ol8m
More informationCycles of Matter. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cycles of Matter 1 of 33 The purpose of this lesson is to learn the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. This PowerPoint will provide most of the required information you need to accomplish
More informationHow Ecosystems Work: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles
How Ecosystems Work: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles Bubble in your ID and the answer to the 25 questions. You can look up the answers to these question on line. 1. The flow of solar energy through an
More informationChapter Introduction. Matter. Ecosystems. Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Abiotic Factors Cycles of Matter Chapter Wrap-Up Energy in Ecosystems How do living things and the nonliving parts of the environment interact? What do you
More information2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems
2.2 Nutrient Cycles in Ecosystems CARBON CYCLE A. Carbon Facts: Carbon is found in all living matter. Places that carbon is found are called stores or sinks Short-term Stores Long-term Stores - living
More informationChapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems
Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction Natural
More informationCh. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils
Ch. 5 - Nutrient Cycles and Soils What are Nutrient (biogeochemical) Cycles? a process by which nutrients are recycled between living organisms and nonliving environment. The three general types of nutrient
More informationBIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through living organisms and the physical environment. BIOCHEMIST: Scientists who study how LIFE WORKS at a CHEMICAL level. The work of biochemists has
More informationWHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein!
Nitrogen Cycle 2.2 WHY DO WE NEED NITROGEN?? Nitrogen is needed to make up DNA and protein! In animals, proteins are vital for muscle function. In plants, nitrogen is important for growth. NITROGEN Nitrogen
More informationChapter 4, sec. 1 Prentice Hall Biology Book p (This material is similar to Ch.17, sec.3 in our book)
Chapter 4, sec. 1 Prentice Hall Biology Book p.87-89 (This material is similar to Ch.17, sec.3 in our book) Term Definition Weather Day-to-day condition of earth s atmosphere at a particular time and place
More informationUnsaved Test, Version: 1 1
Name: Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the statement. A. abiotic B. light C. biotic D. organisms E. ecology F. soil G. ecosystem H. temperature I. factors J. water Date: 1. A(n) is made
More informationHow Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1
Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
More informationHow Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1
Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
More informationEnergy Transfer p
Energy Transfer 22-1 p. 415-419 Essential Questions 1. Identify and describe the main types of producers and consumers in an ecosystem. 2. Calculate the amount of energy stored in biomass transferred from
More informationEcology: Chapters Worksheet
Ecology: Chapters 34 36 Worksheet Name: Chapter 34: The Biosphere Concept 34.1 The biosphere is the global ecosystem. (pp. 744 749) The scientific study of the interactions among organisms and between
More informationCarbon is an element. It is part of oceans, air, rocks, soil and all living things. Carbon doesn t stay in one place. It is always on the move!
The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an element. It is part of oceans, air, rocks, soil and all living things. Carbon doesn t stay in one place. It is always on the move! Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants.
More informationChapter 3 The Biosphere. Section Objectives:
Chapter 3 The Biosphere Section Objectives: Distinguish between the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. Compare the different levels of biological organization and living relationships important
More informationNiche and Habitat a species plays in a community. What it does all
Ecosystem Dynamics What is ecology? Study of the interactions between parts of the environment Connections in nature Abiotic: soil comp. Biotic: and Abiotic and Biotic factors factors in the environment
More informationChapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Life Depends on the Sun Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
More informationGuided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy
Name: Date: Block: Chapter 13: Principles of Ecology I. Concept 13.3: Energy in Ecosystems II. a. Review Vocabulary b. Autotrophs Guided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy i. Producers: convert the light
More informationEcology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work
Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work Name: Unit 2 1 In this second part of Unit 2, our big idea questions are: SECTION 1 How is energy transferred from the Sun to producers and then to consumers? Why do
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: What Is an Ecosystem? In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. ecology 2. habitat 3. community 4. ecosystem
More informationBiology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide
Name: Date: Block: Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide 1. Directions: Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. Ecology Biotic factors Nonliving Environments Atmosphere Humans
More informationUnit III Nutrients & Biomes
Unit III Nutrients & Biomes Nutrient Cycles Carbon Cycle Based on CO 2 cycling from animals to plants during respiration and photosynthesis. Heavy deposits are stored in wetland soils, oceans, sedimentary
More informationChapter 5 Questions Due for Homework Points: # 4, 9, 18, 23, 30, 31, 35, 36 and on notebook paper, not directly on these handouts
Study Outline: Chapters 5, 6, & 9 Environmental Science AP Instructor: Ben Smith Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Recycling Program Ch. 5 Chapter 5 Questions Due for Homework Points: # 4, 9, 18, 23, 30, 31,
More informationNUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?)
NUTRIENT CYCLES (How are nutrients recycled through ecosystems?) Why? We have learned the importance of recycling our trash. It allows us to use something again for another purpose and prevents the loss
More informationChapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)
Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.2 Biogeochemical Cycles (pages 42 52) In order to survive and grow, organisms must obtain nutrients that serve as sources of energy or chemical building blocks,
More informationHow Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1
Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through
More informationLABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 3 4 5 2 5 1B 6B 1A 6A 7 6C LABEL AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESSES AT EACH NUMBER IN THE DIAGRAM ABOVE 1A. Evaporation of water from oceans 1B. Evaporation of water from land sources (water and
More informationNOTEBOOK. Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/ Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16
NOTEBOOK Table of Contents: 9. Properties of Water 9/20/16 10. Water & Carbon Cycles 9/20/16 NOTEBOOK Assignment Page(s): Agenda: Tuesday, September 20, 2016 Properties of Water Water & Carbon Cycles 1.
More informationPrinciples of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
E Stuart Chapin III Pamela A. Matson Harold A. Mooney Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Illustrated by Melissa C. Chapin With 199 Illustrations Teehnische Un.fversitSt Darmstadt FACHBEREIGH 10
More informationMaterial Cycles in Ecosystems. Total Recall: What happens to energy with increasing levels of a food chain?
Material Cycles in Ecosystems Total Recall: What happens to energy with increasing levels of a food chain? Available energy decreases with increasing levels of a food chain. *What must occur for there
More information06/10/2015. Lecture 3: Ecological Pyramids and the Transfer of Energy in Ecosystems PYRAMID OF NUMBERS. Pyramid of Numbers. Pyramid of numbers cont.
Lecture 3: Ecological Pyramids and the Transfer of Energy in Ecosystems ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS The trophic levels of an ecosystem can be arranged into in a pyramid and these are called the ecological pyramids
More informationWater cycles through ecosystems.
Water cycles through ecosystems. Water is stored on Earth s surface in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Water is found underground, filling the spaces between soil particles and cracks in rocks. Large amounts
More informationNutrients elements required for the development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms.
Nutrient Cycles Energy flows through ecosystems (one way trip). Unlike energy, however, nutrients (P, N, C, K, S ) cycle within ecosystems. Nutrients are important in controlling NPP in ecosystems. Bottom-up
More information3.4 Cycles of Matter. Recycling in the Biosphere. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Summary
3.4 Cycles of Matter Lesson Objectives Describe how matter cycles among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Describe how water cycles through the biosphere. Explain why nutrients are important
More informationEcology Ecosystem Characteristics. Ecosystem Characteristics, Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow
Ecology Ecosystem Characteristics Ecosystem Characteristics, Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow Let us consider ecosystems We have looked at the biosphere, and the biomes within the biosphere, the populations
More informationBiosphere & Biogeochemical Cycles
Biosphere & Biogeochemical Cycles Biosphere Sphere of living organisms All the regions of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms are found or can live. Interacts with all the other spheres
More informationBiogeochemical Cycles Webquest
Name: Date: Biogeochemical Cycles Webquest In this webquest you will search for information that will answer questions about the water, carbon/oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous cycles using the listed websites.
More informationChapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology
Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystem Ecology Examines Interactions Between the Living and Non-Living World Ecosystem- A particular location on Earth distinguished by its particular mix of interacting
More informationAquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater
Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater or saltwater. The two sets of communities interact and are joined by the water cycle. Gravity eventually returns all fresh water
More informationEnergy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems
BIOLOGY Life on Earth WITH PHYSIOLOGY Tenth Edition Audesirk Audesirk Byers 28 Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems Lecture Presentations by Carol R. Anderson Westwood College, River Oaks Campus
More informationBIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES INTRODUCTION THE CYCLING PROCESS TWO CYCLES: CARBON CYCLE NITROGEN CYCLE HUMAN IMPACTS GLOBAL WARMING AQUATIC EUTROPHICATION
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES INTRODUCTION THE CYCLING PROCESS TWO CYCLES: CARBON CYCLE NITROGEN CYCLE HUMAN IMPACTS GLOBAL WARMING AQUATIC EUTROPHICATION BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: The RECYCLING of MATERIALS through
More informationENERGY FLOW THROUGH A COMMUNITY
ENERGY FLOW THROUGH A COMMUNITY BASIC DEFINITIONS/CONCEPTS - 1 POPULATION is a group of individuals belonging to the SAME SPECIES living and interacting together in a given area. COMMUNITY is a group of
More informationSection 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives Life Depends on the Sun From Producers to Consumers An Exception: Deep-Ocean Ecosystems What Eats What Cellular Respiration: Burning
More informationWhat is Ecology? ECOLOGY is a branch of biology that studies ecosystems.
4.2 Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids What is Ecology? ECOLOGY is a branch of biology that studies ecosystems. Ecological Terminology Environment Ecology
More informationBIOMES. Living World
BIOMES Living World Biomes Biomes are large regions of the world with distinctive climate, wildlife and vegetation. They are divided by terrestrial (land) or aquatic biomes. Terrestrial Biomes Terrestrial
More informationChapter 3: Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Chapter 3: Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems How would you describe your Community? Did you include your family and friends? Did you include your school? Did you include plants and animals? A biological
More informationCycles in Nature Standard 1 Objective 2:
Cycles in Nature Standard 1 Objective 2: Explain relationships between matter cycles and Energy a) use diagrams to trace the movement of matter through a cycle b) Explain how water is a limiting factor
More informationThe nitrogen cycle is an example of a. carbohydrate cycle c. hydrologic cycle b. atmospheric cycle d. sedimentary cycle
Environmental Science Semester Exam Study Guide Chapter 4: Ecology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Ecology is the study of how a. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment b.
More informationLecture 2. Energy and Ecosystems. Lecture 2
Lecture 2 Energy and Ecosystems Lecture 2 1. Ecology The Ecological Hierarchy 2. Energy Laws of Thermodynamics Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 3. Flow of Energy Through Ecosystems Producers, Consumers
More informationSlide 1 / All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a. Population Community Biome Biosphere
Slide 1 / 40 1 ll of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as a Population ommunity iome iosphere Slide 2 / 40 2 ll the plants, animals, fungi living in a pond make up a
More informationChapter 13 Principles of Ecology Lecture Guide, Day 1
Chapter 13 Principles of Ecology Lecture Guide, Day 1 What is Ecology? It is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms or surroundings. The Nonliving Environment - Abiotic
More informationECOSYSTEM. Best institute for UPSC & MPPSC OBJECTIVES
ECOSYSTEM You know that earth is perhaps the only planet in the solar system that supports life. The portion of the earth which sustains life is called biosphere. Biosphere is very huge and can not be
More informationChapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65)
Biology 20 Chapter 2.1_keyed Chapter Two: Cycles of Matter (pages 32-65) 2.1 The Role of Water in the Cycles of Matter (pages 34 40) Due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, water has several unique
More informationPrinciples of Ecology
Principles of Ecology Ecology Study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environments Living things are affected by nonliving and living parts of the environment Abiotic factors:
More informationCHAPTER 14 ECOSYSTEM POINTS TO REMEMBER Startification : Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem. Primary Production : Amount of biomas or organic matter produced
More informationCycles in the Biosphere MiniLab: Test for Nitrates Assessment. Essential Questions. Review Vocabulary. Reading Preview
Cycles in the Biosphere MiniLab: Test for Nitrates Assessment 11 Reading Preview Essential Questions How do nutrients move through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem? Why are nutrients important
More informationClimate: describes the average condition, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a given area
Ch. 6 - Biomes Section 6.1: Defining Biomes Biome: a group of ecosystems that share similar biotic and abiotic conditions, large region characterized by a specific type of climate, plants, and animals
More informationThe Cycling of Matter
Section 2 Objectives Describe the short-term and long-term process of the carbon cycle. Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. List the three stages of the nitrogen cycle. Describe
More information09/11/2013 LEARNING OBJECTIVES BIOMES TOPIC 27 WE LIVE IN ECOSYSTEMS
Elevation (ft) 09/11/2013 TOPIC 27 WE LIVE IN ECOSYSTEMS LEARNING OBJECTIVES CEB Textbook Chapter 18, pages 380-391 and Chapter 20, pages 437-443 Mastering Biology, Chapters 18 and 20 Define the term biome
More information3 2 Energy Flow. Slide 1 of 41. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
1 of 41 Producers Where does the energy for life processes come from? Producers Without a constant input of energy, living systems cannot function. Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth.
More informationEcology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment
Chapter 3 and 4 Study Guide Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment This includes both biotic and abiotic factors- biotic factors are living
More information