Electroplating Effluent Polishing
|
|
- Giles Shields
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FDEP / Waste Management Electroplating Effluent Polishing Using Tertiary Ion Exchange: i A Case Study John Lindstedt, President Artistic Plating Company, Inc, and Ernestine Wagner, Environmental Manager Artistic Plating Company, Inc, 247
2 -- Electroplating Effluent Polishing Using Tertiary Ion Exchange, A Case Study By: John Lindstedt, President Ernestine Wagner, Environmental Manager Artistic Plating Company, Inc. I I I ABSTRACT As the surface finishing industry moves into the decade of the WS, the trend toward more stringent regulations is clear. The reduction of categorical limits is inevitable. To meet this environmental demand, polishing systems added to conventional treatment systems will become more commonplace. A case study is provided which details the retrofitting of a tertiary ion exchange system to a conventional alkalinechlorination heavy metal precipitation treatment system. The requirements to consistently remove metals from a plating effluent stream to the fractions of parts-permillion range demands an integrated system of polishing filtration, oxidant removal, and ion exchange. The system design, ~ operation, "learning experiences," and system capabilities will be detailed
3 INTRODUCTION Since the enactment of the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1972, industry has been under an escalating obligation to reduce the amount of pollutants discharged in its effluent. This trend will continue through the decade. Traditional wastewater treatment methods such as alkaline chlorination/metal hydroxide precipitation have been dependable and have served our industry well. However, these methods cannot reduce pollutants to the degree required by more stringent regulation. Therefore, traditional treatment will need to be retrofitted with new technologies in order to further polish effluent to meet higher standards. DEFINITIONS For purposes of this report, all pretreatment systems initiated at the plating tank will be considered as primary systems. This includes such items as counterflow rinse tanks, flow restriction valves, electrowinning of dragout tanks, evaporation, and electrodialysis. See Figure 1. The function of these primary systems is to return the chemicals directly to the plating bath or to convert the material to a readily recyclable form. Traditional pretreatment is referred to as the secondary system and includes alkaline chlorination, metal hydroxide precipitation, clarification, and solids dewatering. The function of the secondary system is to capture and remove pollutants which have eluded the primary systems. The discharge of the secondary system is a solid F006 sludge which can be landfilled or recycled and a wastewater effluent which meets the requirements for discharge to a POW. See Figure 2. Any adjunctive treatment of effluent after the secondary system will be referred to as the tertiary system. Examples of this are reverse osmosis or ion exchange. This study involves a tertiary ion exchange system. BACKGROUND This is a case study of Artistic Plating Company, a job shop electroplater with rinse waters which contain regulated levels of cyanide, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, silver, and cadmium. Wastewater pretreatment was instituted to comply with federal, state, and local regulation in At that time, a traditional secondary pretreatment system of alkaline chlorination and metal hydroxide precipitation was installed. All rinse waters were equalized and treated. Through the ensuing years, many additions and refinements were made to the secondary systems including: 1) in-house studies to select optimal flocculation polymer and coagulant; 2) ph ranges were tested and selected to enhance metal hydroxide precipitation; 3) a dewatering system was installed with a clarifier, solids separator, and filter press. Primary pretreatment was modified and improved by: Dragout tanks were provided for all electroplating process baths. Rinse tanks were converted to the counterflow type and flow restriction valves were installed. Drip guards were placed between plating baths to return dragout solution to the tank. Electrowinning systems were installed for all gold and silver dragout baths. i 2
4 SCHEMATIC OF PRIMARY PRETREATMENT SYSTEM Figure 1 Counterflow Rinse To Secondary Pretreatment 3
5 a.- I a M P
6 5. Dragout spray rinse heads were used to promote the recovery of nickel plating solution. 6. Nickel was also recovered with the use of an evaporation unit. 7. An electrodialysis unit was installed also for nickel recovery. The Third Land Ban regulation was promulgated in May of At that date, landfrlls were prohibited from disposing of waste which contains in excess of 590 mg/kg of cyanide. Understanding the implications of the impending regulation, a Cyanide Elimination Program was instituted in The results of the program included: 1) All cyanide strips were replaced with acid sbips. 2) Copper cyanide plating baths were converted to alkaline copper plating processes. 3) All cyanide-based activation baths were removed and replaced with sodium hydroxide products. Replacement noncyanide gold and silver baths were investigated, but not were found to be of acceptable quality. Therefore, a treatment scheme was developed which would remove the cyanide metal complexes prior to secondary treatment. Management of these complexed metal cyanides was accomplished with ion exchange'. The ion exchange system was installed on silver and gold cyanide plating rinses. The system efficiently removes those complexed gold and silver cyanides which would previously pass through alkaline chlorination untreated and on to the wastewater effluent and/or the F006 sludge. All cleaners and acid salts were scrutinized for the presence of complexors (such as ammonium) which interfere with efficient hydroxide precipitation treatment of metal cations. When possible, these products were replaced with nonproprietary acids and basis. A program was instituted which requires suppliers to authorize the retum of all unused proprietary product found to be incompatible with the wastewater pretreatment processes. Filtration chambers were installed on acid pickles. This effort has increased the useful life of these baths from 1 month to approximately 3 months. Arbitrary tank dumping was eliminated by setting standards as to when baths need to be replaced. Tank dumping authority was restricted, dump lines were locked, and responsibility for dumping decisions was assumed by plant management. Under judicious operation and maintenance of the primary and secondary systems, the quality of wastewater effluent was compliant. See Table 1. See Figure 3. Although the primary and secondary systems were functioning well, there was an inherent dependency on the clarifier which is sensitive to hydraulic and chemical surges, and this affected system efficiency. These surges caused effluent discharge values to creep uncomfortably close to discharge permit levels. Therefore, a method of consistently and dependably polishing the effluent, regardless of the status of the clarifier, was required to assure the final effluent quality. 5
7 EFFLUENT RANGES FROM SECONDARY PRETREATMENT IN 1992 Table 1 Zinc.01 I.63 I 4.2 *Analysis performed by in-house analytical laboratory using acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 7
8 m 3 c CD 3 rc 8 cd 0 3
9 ENGINEERING STUDY An engineering fm was consulted to design a system which would meet the following requirements: 1. Lower pollutant metals in anticipation of ever-decreasing effluent limits. 2. Provide protection against clarifier upsets. 3. Set the stage for a future in-house water reuse program. The collaborative effort of the engineering firm and Artistic Plating Company resulted in the selection of ion exchange as the most plausible tertiary treatment method. See Figure 4. Bench studies were undertaken to determine the proper resin choice. Chelating and weak acid resins were studied with regard to efficiency of removal of copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, silver, zinc, and lead. A weak acid cation exchange resin (Rohm & Haas DP-1) in the sodium form was chosen. Laboratory studies revealed the following removal efficiencies: Copper Nickel % % Zinc % Lead 2040% Cadmium, lead, and silver concentrations are routinely quite low in the effluent samples, and no conclusion could be made regarding the effectiveness of the resin on these metals. Chromium in the samples was found to be in the hexavalent (anionic) form and was unaffected by the resin. This resin was selected for the tertiary system because of excellent removal of the metals of interest, that is, copper, nickel, and zinc. Bench studies revealed dependable regeneration of the resin to be accomplished in two steps. A 30% sulfuric acid solution is used to release the metal ions from the resin. Sodium ions are replaced on the resin with 50% sodium hydroxide solution. SYSTEM DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION. All pretreatment efforts prior to the tertiary system are directed toward converting metal ions into precipitate. To maximize the benefits of this effort, a sand filter was installed. This sand filter system was designed with the capacity to recirculate the wastewater through the sand repeatedly for several cycles. The water is, therefore, polished by this filter system. With volume controls, the water is discharged from the recirculation tanks. See Figure 5. The sand filter captures the metal hydroxide particles which may escape from the clarifier. The metal hydroxides build up on the sand and increase the efficiency of the filter until the flow through the filter is restricted. The sand filter must then be backwashed with water. The metals are flushed out of the filter and back into the secondary pretreatment system to be cycled through the pretreatment system again. The sand filter also removes any particles which may clog the resin bed or cause channels to develop in the resin. This continuous prefiltration is necessary to keep the resin bed loose and free of debris and to assure efficient resin usage. Organic resin materials are readily oxidized which render them ineffective for ion exchange. Therefore, the resin must be protected from contact with any oxidizing
10 prl n z 0 U
11 SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM Figure 5 n Re ci r c u I at i on I ' I Outfall of Clarifier Discharge
12 agents. Upstream alkaline chlorination causes excess hypochlorite ion to be present in the pretreated water entering the tertiary system. An automatic dechlorination module was installed in one of the recirculation tanks of the sand filter. This unit effectively reduces the hypochlorite species by utilizing sodium bisulfite combined with continuous ORP metering control. After dechlorination and sand filtration, the wastewater is acidified to convert the metals into the ionic form necessary for ion exchange treatment. To accomplish this, a surge tank was installed where the ph is adjusted using sulfuric acid. This tank is under continuous automatic ph control. See Figure 6. i Two ion exchange columns were then installed with a resin capacity of 15 cubic feet per vessel. The system was designed to operate with one column as the primary unit (lead) and the other column as the polishing unit (lag). When the primary unit is exhausted, as evidenced by cation pass through on analysis by atomic absorption, it is taken.off-line and regenerated. The polishing column then becomes the primary vessel. Regeneration is initiated manually by the operator, and the regeneration cycle proceeds under automatic control. A 30% sulfuric acid solution is drawn through the column to remove metal ions from the resin. See Figure 7. The metal-laden sulfuric acid regenerate is directed back into the secondary system for metal hydroxide precipitation. After rinsing the resin with deionized water, a 50% sodium hydroxide solution is drawn through the column to recharge the resin with sodium ions. The highly alkaline sodium hydroxide solution regenerate is also directed back into the pretreatment system for ph adjustment. A final deionized water rinse completes the regeneration. After regeneration, the column is placed back on-line as the polishing unit. Systematic routine analysis must be maintained to determine the status of the columns. Upon exiting the ion exchange columns, wastewater ph must be adjusted to meet effluent limitations. This is accomplished in a separate tank using sodium hydroxide. Wastewater treatment operators of traditional systems require intensive training. The addition of the tertiary system increases the complexity of operation and also the operator training requirements. One operator has been assigned to the system on a full-time basis. Three supervisory level employees have been given in-depth training on the system. These supervisors are called upon to assist the operator if necessary and to attend the system in the absence of the operator. The tertiary system was designed with the flexibility to address as many. potential situations as feasible. Either the sand filter or ion exchange columns, or both, may be bypassed, if necessary. Bypass results in effluent discharge from the secondary system clarification tank, as was done prior to installation of the tertiary system. See Figure 8. Storage tanks were installed and sized to collect rinse water from one shift. The system can, therefore, be shut down for one shift, and Mse water can be collected for pretreatment at a later time. This water can be introduced to the secondary system of alkaline chlorination or metal hydroxide precipitation, whichever is appropriate. This holding capacity is an advantage because an
13 SAND FILTRATION, DECHLORINATION, & PH CONTROL PRIOR TO ION EXCHANGE Figure Recirculation Surge Tank Pretreatment 12 C c C
14 w I... 0
15 SCHEMATIC OF INTEGRATED PRETREATMENT SYSTEM Figure E m f E m... ~.~ C P C
16 additional shift of production may be scheduled as needed and the rinse water can be treated by the wastewater operator during the day shift. The following items are essential to the successful addition of a tertiary ion exchange system : 1. Excellent filtration prior to tertiary ion exchange is imperative. The resin may need to be replaced if it becomes sufficiently clogged, which is very costly. It is necessary that low micron filter chambers be installed just after the sand filter to assure that debris does not pass through into the resin. 2. Analytical in-house laboratory support is required to accurately detgmhe the status of the ion exchange columns. 3. Advanced level of training for personnel to maintain and properly use this complex integrated system. 4. Proper water pressure is essential to accomplish complete and consistent high quality regeneration. RESULTS OF TERTIARY SYSTEM The entire tertiary system went on-line on January 4, Daily 24 hour flow proportionate sampling and effluent analysis by atomic absorption with acid digestion has been done to trace the status of the ion exchange columns. Cation break-through signals that resin regeneration is imminent. Column regeneration has been required approximately every four weeks. It has been found that by directing the sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide regenerate solutions to the storage tanks and allowing for equalization, these waters may be easily fed through the metal hydroxide precipitation stage of pretreatment. Analytical tracking of effluent discharge concentrations has indicated a relatively steady decline since See Figure 9. This trend reflects the improvements made to the primary and secondary systems (reported earlier in this article) and the installation of the sand filter component of the tertiary system. January of 1992 signifies the operational debut of the completed tertiary system. Copper, nickel, and zinc are illustrated because they have the most significant concentrations in the influent, and therefore the effluent, wastewater stream. This trend of metals reduction in effluent is also shown in Figure 10 which graphically represents copper, nickel, and zinc concentrations for 1990, 1991, and The daily analytical samples are shown as the mean effluent concentration for each metal for each year. Review of the daily analytical data, collected from January 1992 through September of 1992, discloses metal hydroxide precipitation to be a very efficient means of pretreatment for pollutant metals. See Table 2. Efficiencies for precipitation range from 61 % to 94 %. The efficiency of cadmium precipitation was indeterminate because influent and effluent levels were not above the detection limit. The addition of the tertiary system resulted in further metal removal, but certainly at a less dramatic rate than shown by hydroxide precipitation. The system shows removal efficiencies of 57% for zinc, 38% for nickel, and 30% for copper. See Table 3. 15
17 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE MONTHLY EFI?L~NT CONCENTRATIONS BEFORE (1991) AND AFTER (1992) mrtiary PRETREATMENT INSTALLATION Figure 9 ( I 1 Local POW Limit - Copper (2.7 PPM) Local POW Limit - Zinc and Nickel (2.6 PPM) Nickel coppot 16 Q C
18 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE ANNUAL EFF'LUEN" CONCENTRATIONS Figure' I Copper Nickel
19 ~ PRETREATME" EFFICIENCY OF SECONDARY SYSTEM Table 2 Influent to Secondary System - Silver PPm % Cadmium PPm Chromium, PPm Nickel mm X.10 < Lead PPm Zinc R < < < < Effluent from Secondary System - X ** <.05 *<.02 < I I 3 R < < < < % Efficiency 80% ID 67% 91% 93% Note: 1) All analyses conducted by in-house analytical laboratory using acid digestion and atomic absorption. 2) ID = indeterminate. * Calculated as.02 for this statistical study. ** Calculated as.05 for this statistical study. C < % 94% - 18
20 ~ ~~ Influent to Tertiary System Artistic Plating Co. Effluent Data PRETREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF TERTIARY SYSTEM Table 3 1 R Silver PPm Cadmium PPm c.02 c.01 C < <.01 c,01 Nickel < I c I <.05 I *lo I *58 < c c c c c.01 c State Certified Laboratory I <.002 I <.05 I.ll I.ll Effluent n - A - 11 c.005 I uala II I I I 1 c.002 I.03 I *<.01 I.24 Local POW 11 c.02 I c.006 I <.01 I.12 I.13 Effluent Data I1 i <.006 I.06 I.01 I.19 Effluent Grand Average ID ID ID ID 30% 38% Lead PPm <.05 C <.05 < < <.05 c.05 <.05 <.lo Note: *Calculated as.01 for this statistical study. 1) All analyses conducted by in-house analytical laboratory using acid digestion and atomic absorption unless otherwise noted. 2) ID = indeterminate. <.lo Zinc PPm.09 C C
21 These results are low when compared to the engineering bench studies which predicted an efficiency of 93% for copper, nickel, and zinc. However, the water samples used in the engineering study were obtained from a sampling port just prior to the secondary pretreatment system. Therefore, the water which was studied had higher pollutant level concentrations which yielded higher removal efficiencies. The actual on-line tertiary system processes the outfall of the secondary system which has a much lower ionic loading. The degree of influent ionic loading directly affects the reduction efficiency available from ion exchange. More importantly, however, the degree of influent ionic loading does not affect the final effluent quality. Silver and lead concentrations in the influent and effluent are less than the analytical detection limit and are not statistically meaningful. Therefore, no conclusion can be made from the data. concerning these metals. The efficiency of chromium removal also cannot be quantified because the effluent concentration is below the detection limit of the analysis. It is notable that chromium is present in a detectable amount prior to tertiary treatment and was not detectable after tertiary treatment, revealing an unquantifiable degree of removal. 1 The overall removal efficiency of the integrated pretreatment system was increased by 7% for copper, 4% for nickel, and 3% for zinc after the addition of the tertiary system. See Table 4. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES The tertiary system was installed at a total cost of $134,000. This compares with expenditures of $180,OOO for installation of the secondary system. By extrapolating daily analytical results over one year at an a average flow rate of 7,250 gallondday, it is demonstrated that there is significantly greater pollutant metal removal from the secondary system when compared to the tertiary system. See Table 5. Converting the cost of installation into the capital expenditure necessary for each pound of metal removed per annum reveals $657 to reduce the waste stream by one pound of metal for the secondary pretreatment system. Installation of the additional tertiary ion exchange system required an expenditure of $14,934 to mer reduce the waste stream by one pound of metal per annum. The monetary expenditures required for tertiary pretreatment are approximately 23 times greater than those required for secondary pretreatment. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Effluent from the comprehensive pretreatment system presented here is well below local limits for discharge compliance. This pro&des a reasonably wide safety margin for the rinse water stream variability which is inherent in electroplating job shops. The current combined system emits metals below the analytical detection limit in many instances. The system will withstand considerably more stringent local POW discharge limits than are presently imposed. The comprehensive pretreatment system is no longer solely dependent on clarifier functionality. Sand Ntration readily removes particulate metal, and ion exchange effectively polishes the effluent of pollutant metal ions, regardless of the ionic loading from the clarifier. With the capacity to divert, store, analyze, and recycle wastewater through the pretreatment system at various stages, added assurance of effluent quality is accomplished. 20
22 Influent to Combined System Effluent from Combined System Combined System % Efficiency Combined System % Efficiencv Net Change PRETREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF SECONDARY 8z TERTIARY COMBINED SYSTEM Table 4 IR I Cadmium I Chromium Silver Copper PPm PPm T PPm -+-+ PPm < < K I < I < ID I I D I I D ID I I D l I D < % 4.7% Nickel Lead Zinc PPm PPm PPm 3.50 I I ~~ X.01-.I ID.04 < < < % ID!n% +4% ID +3% Note: 1) All analyses conducted by in-house analytical laboratory using acid digestion and atomic absorption unless otherwise noted. 2) ID = indeterminate. 21
23 COMPARISON OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY PRETREATMENT SYSTEM INITIAL CAPITAL EXPENSES PER POUND OF lmetal REMOVAL CAPACITY ANNUALLY Table 5 Metal Silver Cadmium Chrome Copper Nickel Lead Zinc 'i J secondary Pretreatment Tertiary Pretreatment # Metal Removed # Metal Removed Daily Annually Daily Annually oO01.03 ID ID ID ID.OS Total Metal Removed Cost of Installation Initial Capital Outlay per # of Metal Removal Capacity A~ually $180,000 $134,000 $657 $14,934 Note: 1) (Average influent - Average effluent)(flow) = Daily removed. 2) (Daily # of metal removed)@ays of operation) = Annually removed. ' 22
24 The resultant effluent is of sufficient quality to warrant planning an in-house water reuse program. Removal of nonregulated anions and cations would make this water acceptable for use in counterflow rinses. This would reduce water consumption and, more importantly, eliminate or drastically reduce wastewater discharge requirements. As POW effluent limits descend toward detection limits,laboratory analytical data and treatment efficiencies are increasingly difficult to statistically define. It is, however, apparent that every pound of pollutant metal which is removed from wastewater with technologies beyond those of traditional metal hydroxide precipitation causes monetary expenditures to rise dramatidy. The question arises of the wisdom of such investments which may result in small environmental returns. Under the current environmental climate, however, there is no such question--it is the cost of remaining in business
25 I - REFERENCES 'Doyle, M. and Lindstedt, J., "Silver Recovery with Ion Exchange and Electrowinning", International Technical Conference Proceedings. AESF SWFIN '92, American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society, June 22-25, I
26
Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater Engineering Research Center Report David M. Ayres Allen P. Davis Paul M. Gietka August 1994 1 Removing Heavy Metals From Wastewater Introduction This manual provides
More informationUnited States Environmental Protection Agency Research and Development. Project Summary. Jacqueline M. Peden
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Research and Development Project Summary Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Cincinnati, OH 45268 EPA/600/SR-94/148 September 1994 Alkaline Noncyanide
More informationTo hold a large reserve of metal ions in the soluble form.
I 1. I + 3 ' z CHROME REDUCTION AND REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PRESENCE OF CHELATING AGENTS In the electroplating industry the use of electroless solutions has increased tremendously over the past
More informationSilver Recove with!on Exchan e and Electrowinning yohn Lindstedt - Ffesident Artistic Platin Company, Inc.
Silver Recove with!on Exchan e and Electrowinning yohn Lindstedt - Ffesident Artistic Platin Company, Inc. 45 West therry Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 5321 2 Michael Do le, P.E. - Senior Project Manager
More informationTo Compliance and Beyond. Valley Chrome Plating s s Journey to Zero Discharge
To Compliance and Beyond Valley Chrome Plating s s Journey to Zero Discharge Presenter Ray Lucas President: Valley Chrome Plating Inc. Past President: NASF Board Member: M.F.A.N.C. Manufacturer of Truck
More informationYour Water Treatment Technology Partners for Wash Water & Industrial Water Treatment. Design Supply Integration Installation Maintenance
Your Water Treatment Technology Partners for Wash Water & Industrial Water Treatment Design Supply Integration Installation Maintenance The Challenge for Businesses that Use Water PUBLIC HEALTH EPA state
More information06. Electroplating Industry
PRTR Estimation Manual 06. Electroplating Industry January 2001 Revised: March 2002 Federation of Electro Plating Industry Association, Japan Contents 1. Class I Designated Chemical Substances (Referred
More informationZERO Pollution Discharge
Company Approaches ZERO Pollution Discharge BY Bruce Mottweiler Peter 1. Veit Project Engineer & Manager, Midwest Region Elkhart Products Division, Gould, Inc. Lancy laboratories REPRINTED FROM PLATING
More informationION EXCHANGE RESIN CHAMBERS and SYSTEMS
ION EXCHANGE CHAMBERS and SYSTEMS 367 For PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY These resin systems can recover gold and other metals from plating operations easily and economically. Select the proper resin for gold
More informationTreatment Technologies
Treatment Technologies Precipitation Softening INTRODUCTION CHEMISTRY OF PRECIPITATION SOFTENING COLD LIME SOFTENING WARM LIME SOFTENING HOT PROCESS SOFTENING SILICA REDUCTION REDUCTION OF OTHER CONTAMINANTS
More informationPOLLUTION PREVENTION MEASURES FOR THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
POLLUTION PREVENTION MEASURES FOR THE AEROSPAE INDUSTRY Facility Modifications Improve material tracking & inventory practices Improve material usage, handling, & storage Improve scheduling batch production
More informationKirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent
Kirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent wastewater requirements. In Russia, there are strict
More informationCeraMem. Ceramic Membrane Technology. Advanced Heavy Metals Removal System WATER TECHNOLOGIES
CeraMem Ceramic Membrane Technology Advanced Heavy Metals Removal System WATER TECHNOLOGIES Key System Features CeraMem UF membranes act as an absolute barrier to oils, suspended solids, and precipitated
More informationan alternative for textile wastewater
Technologies & Solutions technical paper an alternative for textile wastewater treating for reuse often is more cost effective than treating for discharge. Author: Kerry M. Lanza Most of a textile mill
More information5.B Generation of pharmaceutical water Author: Michael Gronwald Co-Author: Dr. Ralph Gomez / Up06
Generation of pharmaceutical water Generation of pharmaceutical water Author: Michael Gronwald Co-Author: Dr. Ralph Gomez / Up06 Here you will find answers to the following questions: What are the different
More informationREACTION TANKS ADVANCED MEMBRANE FILTRATION
REACTION TANKS ADVANCED MEMBRANE FILTRATION Memtek EFC-Series Microfiltration System A MAJOR ADVANTAGE FOR RELIABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR PROCESS FILTRATION SYSTEMS THAT GIVE YOU GREATER FLEXIBILITY
More informationFeed Water Reduction in Industrial Water Purification Systems
Feed Water Reduction in Industrial Water Purification Systems Ground Water Protection Council 2010 Annual Forum Water/Energy Sustainability Symposium Pittsburgh, PA September 26-29, 2010 William V. Collentro
More informationZero Discharge for Textile Industry
Zero Discharge for Textile Industry C K Sandeep, General Manager Corporate Marketing, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. Introduction The post liberalization period has led to the rapid growth of industrial output
More informationNPDES COMPLIANCE OF COOLING TOWERS BLOWDOWN AT POWER PLANTS WITH RECLAIMED WATER AS SOURCE WATER
NPDES COMPLIANCE OF COOLING TOWERS BLOWDOWN AT POWER PLANTS WITH RECLAIMED WATER AS SOURCE WATER Nathan Schmaus, P.E. *, Joseph Viciere, P.E., BCEE, CDM Smith CDM Smith, 1715 North Westshore Boulevard,
More informationA Case Study from EP3: Pollution Prevention Assessment from a Cattle Hide Tannery. HBI Pub. 10/31/94
A Case Study from EP3: Pollution Prevention Assessment from a Cattle Hide Tannery HBI-94-003-01 Pub. 10/31/94 What is EP3? The amount of pollutants and waste generated by industrial facilities has become
More informationThe Use of Walnut Shell Filtration with Enhanced Synthetic Media for the Reduction and/or Elimination of Upstream Produced Water Treatment Equipment
Siemens Water Solutions The Use of Walnut Shell Filtration with Enhanced Synthetic Media for the Reduction and/or Elimination of Upstream Produced Water Treatment Equipment White Paper January 2016 Researchers
More informationAD26 Systems for Iron, Manganese, Sulfide and Arsenic Removal
AD26 Systems for Iron, Manganese, Sulfide and Arsenic Removal Technical Bulletin 2004-02 rev0707 Q: What is the AdEdge AD26 System? A: The AD26 system is a pre-engineered, packaged treatment system specifically
More informationDeveloping a Wastewater Treatment Training Program for the Mexican Metal Plating Industry Located at the Arizona-Mexico border
Developing a Wastewater Treatment Training Program for the Mexican Metal Plating Industry Located at the Arizona-Mexico border Kiril Hristovski, Ph. D, The Polytechnic School at Arizona State University
More informationUse of Spiral Wound UF in RO Pretreatment
Use of Spiral Wound UF in RO Pretreatment Authors: Harry Dalaly, Asia Pacific Sales Manager, Hydranautics and Yeoh Cheik How, Facilities Senior Engineer, Hewlett-Packard Singapore The Hewlett-Packard Singapore
More informationCOPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT
COPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT Michael Botz, Elbow Creek Engineering, Billings, MT Sevket Acar, Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, CO Introduction
More informationSUMMARY OF FEDERAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS CENTRALIZED WASTE TREATMENT CATEGORY. Within U.S.: 165
SUMMARY OF FEDERAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS CENTRALIZED WASTE TREATMENT CATEGORY Applicable CFR: 40 CFR Part 437 Estimated Number of Companies Affected: Within U.S.: 165 Proposal in Federal Register: January
More informationMetal Finishing Application
Metal Finishing Application by Chuck Durham Tetra Tech, Inc CWEA P3S Conference Pretreatment Training 101 February 3, 2015 Metal Finishing (40 CFR Part 433) Six Core Operations 1. Electroplating 2. Electroless
More informationSolvent Recovery Systems
Solvent Recovery Systems Use Steam Recycling A new technique that recycles the heat normally lost during solvent recovery can cut fuel bills and reduce plant exhaust emissions. by Stanley J. Macek Compliance
More informationCOMRINED TREATMENT OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM WITH OTHER HEAVY METALS AT ALKALINE ph. THOMAS E. HIGGINS RRTAN R. MARSHALL CHZM HILL Reston, Virginia
COMRINED TREATMENT OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM WITH OTHER HEAVY METALS AT ALKALINE ph THOMAS E. HIGGINS RRTAN R. MARSHALL CHZM HILL Reston, Virginia ZNTRODU CT I ON With the introduction of additional and more
More informationA Hazardous Waste Reduction Audit of Pioneer Metal Finishing, Inc.
. A Hazardous Waste Reduction Audit of Pioneer Metal Finishing, nc. Presented by Harry DeSoi Pioneer Metal Finishing, nc. Franklin, New Jersey Hazardous Waste Reduction Audit of Pioneer Metal Finishing
More informationLowering The Total Cost Of Operation
Lowering The Total Cost Of Operation The system removes more solids than conventional clarification, so filters can run longer between backwash cycles. Fewer backwash cycles means less backwash water,
More informationAS-H Iso-Disc Cloth Media Filter
AS-H Iso-Disc Cloth Media Filter Tertiary filtration and final polishing of wastewaters in municipal and industrial applications Toby.Sedgwick@AlfaLaval.com Slide 2 Typical Performance Range Influent Average
More informationMETALS REDUCTION IN WASTEWATERS FROM PIGMENT INK PRINTING OPERATIONS
METALS REDUCTION IN WASTEWATERS FROM PIGMENT INK PRINTING OPERATIONS Tracy A. Nickelsburg, E.I.T., Earth Tech, Inc. W. Gilbert O Neal, Ph.D., P.E., Earth Tech, Inc. Introduction A corrugated container
More informationW O C H H O L Z R E G I O N A L W A T E R R E C L A M A T I O N F A C I L I T Y O V E R V I E W
Facility Overview The recently upgraded and expanded Henry N. Wochholz Regional Water Reclamation Facility (WRWRF) treats domestic wastewater generated from the Yucaipa-Calimesa service area. The WRWRF
More informationURS Corporation (URS) conducted a
A Case Study for Industrial Wastewater Desalination and Concentrate Disposal Barriers in Florida Yu Zhao, J. David Burgstiner, and David A. Wilcox EDITOR S NOTE: The following article received a Top Paper
More informationElectroplating, Anodizing & Metal Treatment Hand Book
Electroplating, Anodizing & Metal Treatment Hand Book Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers Format: Paperback ISBN: 9788178331386 Code: NI63 Pages: 720 Price: Rs. 1,475.00 US$ 150.00 Publisher:
More informationAcid Pickle Miracle Drug!!
Surface Finishing Journal September 2006 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES Darrell J Reeve MD, Cleaner Production Australia Chair UNEP Metal Finishing Network Acid Pickle Miracle Drug!! Introduction An article
More informationBASELINE MONITORING REPORT (BMR)
BASELINE MONITORING REPORT (BMR) I. Company Information Centralized Waste Treatment (Part 437) Point Source Category Regulations (Please print or type) Name: Tel: ( ) Situs Address: Zip Mailing Address:
More informationONSITE HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT NOTIFICATION UNIT PAGE (one page and attachments per unit)
Fax: (714) 754-1768 HAZARDOUS WASTE ONSITE HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT NOTIFICATION UNIT PAGE (one page and attachments per unit) FACILITY ID # 3 0 Page of 1 BUSINESS NAME (Same as FACILITY NAME or DBA -
More informationThe Economic Revolution in Industrial Wastewater Treatment. World-Class Lineage. RenoCell 1997 License to Renovare. Porocell
This is it. World-Class Lineage RenoCell was developed over the past two years by Renovare International, Inc. and is now available through value-added resellers in North America, Europe, and Asia. RenoCell
More informationEVALUATING NANOFILTRATION, REVERSE OSMOSIS, AND ION EXCHANGE TO MEET CONSUMPTIVE USE CONSTRAINTS AND FINISHED WATER QUALITY GOALS FOR BROWARD COUNTY
EVALUATING NANOFILTRATION, REVERSE OSMOSIS, AND ION EXCHANGE TO MEET CONSUMPTIVE USE CONSTRAINTS AND FINISHED WATER QUALITY GOALS FOR BROWARD COUNTY Frank A. Brinson, P.E., DEE, CDM, Fort Lauderdale, FL
More informationAqua Pristine Global Technologies, an ISO 9001:2008 & CE certified company is a leading supplier of world class Domestic RO, Industrial RO Plant,
Aqua Pristine Global Technologies, an ISO 9001:2008 & CE certified company is a leading supplier of world class Domestic RO, Industrial RO Plant, Domestic Water Softener, Industrial Water Softener, Sand
More informationMountainview Generating Station (MVGS)
Mountainview Generating Station (MVGS) A Southern California Edison Company (SCE) 2492 West San Bernardino Avenue Redlands, CA 92374 Steve Johnson, Technical Manager Wastewater Adjudicated water rights
More informationRiOs Essential 5, 8, 16, 24 Water Purification Systems
RiOs Essential 5, 8, 16, 24 Water Purification Systems A reliable, user-friendly pure water solution EMD Millipore is a division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany A reliable, user-friendly pure water solution
More informationWATER RECYCLING SOLUTIONS
WATER RECYCLING SOLUTIONS Reverse Osmosis De-Mineralization Softening Sand/ Carbon Filtration Cartridge/ Bag Filtration Zero Liquid Discharge EVIAN ENGINEERING PRIVATE LIMITED A-80, Mohan Garden, Uttam
More informationWorldwide Pollution Control Association
Worldwide Pollution Control Association WPCA-Duke Energy FGD Wastewater Treatment Seminar March 7, 2013 All presentations posted on this website are copyrighted by the Worldwide Pollution Control Association
More informationDealing with Unexpected Wastewater Treatment Plant Disruptions. February 16, 2017
Dealing with Unexpected Wastewater Treatment Plant Disruptions February 16, 2017 Location Map WPCP History Original WPCP constructed on this site in 1928 consisting of primary treatment and chlorination;
More informationSelenium Removal from Scrubber Water VSEP RO membrane treatment for water reuse
Selenium Removal from Scrubber Water VSEP RO membrane treatment for water reuse Flue Gas Scrubber When coal is burned to make energy, a flue gas is produced that must be exhausted. This flue gas contains
More informationEffective/Efficient Rinsing in Metal Finishing
Effective/Efficient Rinsing in Metal Finishing Les Zenack, P.E., MWRA Consultant LDZ - May 27, 1999 EPA Region I Strategic Goals Program Page 1 Outline O Definition of Rinsing O Effective Rinsing - How
More informationTOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY. By N. Ramachandran, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd
TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY By N. Ramachandran, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd Large quantities of water are required to produce steel and steel products - typically 180-200 m 3 of water per
More informationDOWEX UPCORE Ion Exchange Resins Retrofit of Demineralizer with UPCORE System Cuts Chemical Costs by 50%
Case History DOWEX UPCORE Ion Exchange Resins Retrofit of Demineralizer with UPCORE System Cuts Chemical Costs by 50% Site Information Location Indiana, USA Purpose Improve short servicecycle run lengths
More informationWater Treatment Plant Design at the Idaho Cobalt Project
Water Treatment Plant Design at the Idaho Cobalt Project Mine Design, Operations & Closure Conference May 2010 Mark Reinsel, Ph.D., P.E. Apex Engineering, PLLC Craig Henrikson, P.E., CSP Presentation Outline
More informationEllis Creek Water Recycling Facility, City of Petaluma
Ellis Creek Water Recycling Facility, City of Petaluma Historical Timeline Facility Treatment Processes / Flow Schematics Challenges of Wetlands Dechlorination Mode of Operation Benefits of Natural Dechlorination
More informationSulaibiya world s largest membrane water reuse project
Water Technologies & Solutions technical paper Sulaibiya world s largest membrane water reuse project background In May 2001, a consortium including Mohammed Abdulmohsin Al-Kharafi and Sons (The Kharafi
More informationTHE USE OF SELECTIVE ION EXCHANGE FOR THE RECOVERY OF BASE METALS FROM EFFLUENT STREAMS
THE USE OF SELECTIVE ION EXCHANGE FOR THE RECOVERY OF BASE METALS FROM EFFLUENT STREAMS By Jacolien Wyethe Marthie Kotze Mintek, Private Bag X015 Randburg, 2125, South Africa E-mail: marthiek@mintek.co.za
More informationA Zero Liquid Discharge Process for Boron Recovery from FGD Wastewater
A Zero Liquid Discharge Process for Boron Recovery from FGD Wastewater H. Robert Goltz, Ph.D. The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA Chris Eicher, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA Naomi Levy,
More informationJEDDAH INDUSTRIAL CITY
JEDDAH INDUSTRIAL CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT A Presentation by : Engr. Mowafaq Al-Sugeir Managing Director ICDOC SAWEA 2007 WORKSHOP, AL-KHOBER 4 December 2007 Built & Being Operated by : on Build-Operate-Transfer
More informationPolishing Ponds. Biosolids Storage. Ammonia Removal. Digesters. Thickeners. Pretreatment. Final Clarifiers. Primary Clarifiers.
Wastewater Treatment Facility (2012) Polishing Ponds Biosolids Storage Ammonia Removal Digesters Thickeners Pretreatment Primary Clarifiers Activated Sludge Final Clarifiers OVERVIEW Whenever a home, business,
More informationFILTRATION INDUSTRY -An Overview
FILTRATION INDUSTRY -An Overview Introduction The term filtration, as applied to water treatment, refers to the removal of suspended solids from water. In most cases it is the last stage in the pre treatment
More informationGeneral Information on Nitrogen
General Information on Nitrogen What is nitrogen? Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford in Scotland Nitrogen gas makes up nearly 80% of the air we breathe Nitrogen gas is not toxic Nitrogen
More informationUnit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering
Unit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering T J Casey AQUAVARRA RESEARCH LIMITED 22A Brookfield Avenue Blackrock Co. Dublin. October 2006 Author s Note Water and wastewater treatment technology
More informationSpringfield, Massachusetts (413)
Waste Reduction and Minimization by COLD VAPORIZATION by Val Partyka CALFRAN International Inc. Springfield, Massachusetts 01101 (413) 525-4957 Topic No. 100 or 600 Introduction CALFRAN'S approach to waste
More informationEnthone-OMI, Inc., Warren, MI
Electrophoretic Deposition: A New Answer to Old Questions Jonothan Holland and Robert Berger, Ph.D. -216 Enthone-OMI, Inc., Warren, MI Electrophoretic processes offer significant new opportunities for
More informationWastewater Treatment Processes
Wastewater Treatment Processes (Sep 27 th and 28 th, 2016) by Dr. Arun Kumar (arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in) Objective: To learn about processes used in tertiary treatment Courtesy: Dr. Irene Xagoraraki, MSU,
More informationState of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Fact Sheet Number 24 September 1994 Pollution Prevention Source Reduction and Metal Recovery Techniques for Metal Finishers Both market and regulatory forces
More informationacid but also for the conversion of iron chlorides to iron hydroxides.
Minimization of Spent Pickle Liquor Dhiru Patel and Steven J. Pratt - ayqj-7 PJf acid but also for the conversion of iron chlorides to iron hydroxides. 2. Acid Recovery by Diffusion Dialysis This technique
More informationNew Horizons In Metal Removal And Recovery
New Horizons In Metal Removal And Recovery BY W. DANIEL ERNT, P.E. ADVANCED RECOVERY SYSTEMS, INC. Presented at the American Insfitude of Chemical Engineers Annual Technical Meeting April 17,1990 Figure
More informationProduced Water Treatment to Enhance Oil Recovery. Siemens Oil & Gas Water Technologies
Produced Water Treatment to Enhance Oil Recovery Siemens Oil & Gas Water Technologies Siemens AG 2012 Produced Water Treatment to Enhance Oil Recovery Content Up-stream Water Treatment Produced Water Treatment
More informationPRESENTATION OF CONDENSATE TREATMENT
Via Pietro Nenni, 15-27058 VOGHERA ITALY Tel. +39 0383 3371 Fax +39 0383 369052 E-mail: info@idreco.com PRESENTATION OF CONDENSATE TREATMENT THE CONDENSATE TREATMENT The absence of impurities in feed water
More informationNeed-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class II
2017 Need-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class II A Need-to-Know Guide when preparing for the ABC Wastewater Treatment Operator Class II Certification Exam Before You Dive In What is ABC
More informationWater Solutions for the Mining Industry
Water Solutions for the Mining Industry Resourcing the world WATER TECHNOLOGIES Creating water solutions for the mining industry Veolia Water Technologies can provide specialised water systems thanks to
More informationWater Quality Permitting Program Monitoring Matrix 1,2,3
State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Water Quality Permitting Program Monitoring Matrix 1,2,3 ITEM OR PARAMETER Total Flow (influent and/or effluent) 4 Flow Meter Calibration 5 (influent
More informationCarbon Canyon Water Recycling Facility Title 22 Engineering Report
Carbon Canyon Water Recycling Facility Title 22 Engineering Report April 2014 Introduction Regulatory Requirements Inland Empire Utilities Agency Carbon Canyon Water Recycling Facility Title 22 Engineering
More informationPROCESSES TO REDUCE PRODUCTION COSTS
PROCESSES TO REDUCE PRODUCTION COSTS Closed Loop Rinsing Acid Purification Flux Treatment Circulation of Acids Prepared by: Pascal Moirand, Chief Engineer Siebec France C. Tom Philipp, P.E. PRO-pHx, Inc.
More informationMembrane Filtration Technology: Meeting Today s Water Treatment Challenges
Membrane Filtration Technology: Meeting Today s Water Treatment Challenges Growing global demand for clean water and increasing environmental concerns make membrane filtration the technology of choice
More informationBEING GOOD STEWARDS: IMPROVING EFFLUENT QUALITY ON A BARRIER ISLAND. 1.0 Executive Summary
BEING GOOD STEWARDS: IMPROVING EFFLUENT QUALITY ON A BARRIER ISLAND Brett T. Messner, PE, Tetra Tech, Inc., 201 E Pine St, Suite 1000, Orlando, FL 32801 Brett.Messner@tetratech.com, Ph: 239-851-1225 Fred
More informationThe city of Clearwater owns and operates
Arsenic Residuals Treatment to Meet New IPP Limits for Discharges from a Potable Water Membrane Plant Stuart K. Cole, Johna Jahn, and Street Lee The city of Clearwater owns and operates a reverse-osmosis
More informationInstitute of Materials Finishing PREFACE TO THE 2010 EDITION 3 INTRODUCTION TO DISTANCE LEARNING 4 MODULE OBJECTIVES 7
CONTENTS Page PREFACE TO THE 2010 EDITION 3 INTRODUCTION TO DISTANCE LEARNING 4 MODULE OBJECTIVES 7 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO SURFACE FINISHING Lesson 1 Surface Finishing Technologies SECTION B BASIC SCIENCE
More informationMILAF: INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT OF ARSENICAL SLUDGE, TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF ACID WATERS FROM SMELTER PLANTS
MILAF: INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT OF ARSENICAL SLUDGE, TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF ACID WATERS FROM SMELTER PLANTS ABSTRACT ULRIKE BROSCHEK, CECILIA VIDAL, LUIS BRAVO and GILDA ZUÑIGA Environmental
More information0 50 Very soft Soft Medium Hard
THE RIGHT WATER CHEMISTRY: UNDERSTANDING THE AQUEOUS INFLUENCE UPON METALWORKING FLUID PERFORMANCE Bob Trivett, Senior Chemist PICO Chemical Corporation Chicago Heights, Illinois December 10, 2003 INTRODUCTION
More informationWORKGROUP REPORT: F006 BENCHMARKING STUDY
WORKGROUP REPORT: F006 BENCHMARKING STUDY September 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...3 I. BACKGROUND...8 A. What is the Common Sense Initiative?...8 B. The Metal Finishing Industry and Electroplating
More informationAchieve Zero-liquid Discharge of Industrial Wastewater. (Distill Process Waste for Reuse)
(Distill Process Waste for Reuse) by Gary N. Dixon, Sr.Application Engineer, Samsco Water Evaporators Innovative, patented, multi-staged, full distillation, vacuum technology evaporation equipment from
More informationhigh efficiency ~ simple package ~ proven reliability ChromaPur Chromic Acid Purification Unit
high efficiency ~ simple package ~ proven reliability ChromaPur Chromic Acid Purification Unit Achieve maximum recovery, maximum cost reduction, and maximum quality consistency with Eco-Tec s chromic acid
More informationNeed-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class IV
2017 Need-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class IV A Need-to-Know Guide when preparing for the ABC Wastewater Treatment Operator Class IV Certification Exam Before You Dive In What is ABC
More informationNeed-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class III
2017 Need-to-Know Criteria Wastewater Treatment Operator Class III A Need-to-Know Guide when preparing for the ABC Wastewater Treatment Operator Class III Certification Exam Before You Dive In What is
More informationNorweco distributors are located throughout the United States. and much of the rest of the world. Research, product development,
SINGULAIR A dynamic combination of electro-mechanical equipment, solid state technology and web-based monitoring that translates to increased property value, performance certified for you The new state-of-the-art
More informationWWETCO FlexFilter and Bio-FlexFilter
Innovative Filter Technology Tool for Reducing Energy, Expanding Capacity, Wet Weather Management and Nutrient Control WWETCO WWETCO FlexFilter and Bio-FlexFilter AGENDA WWETCO FlexFilter & Bio-FlexFilter
More informationNIPPON PAPER RO SYSTEM + 2 Others
NIPPON PAPER RO SYSTEM + 2 Others 1 March 2014 Greg Wyrick District Account Manager John Zora District Account Manager 2 Purpose: Review the design, function, layout, and operation of the RO system. Process:
More informationThe evolution of high purity water production
FEDI Fractional Electrodeionization from EDI to FEDI The evolution of high purity water production EDI THE CONVENTIOL PROCESS Reject Electrodeionization Cell DEIONIZED WATER Reject Electrodeionization
More informationElectrometals Technologies Limited
Electrometals Technologies Limited A C N 000 751 093 28 Commercial Drive Ashmore Queensland Australia 4214 Telephone: 61 7 5526 4663 Facsimile: 61 7 5527 0299 Email Address: EMEW@electrometals.com.au EMEW
More informationAir Pollution Control For
Air Pollution Control For znfectious Waste Incineration Medical waste incinerators have gone from being uncontrolled to having multistage air pollution control equipment. by Robert P. Newman, PE 68 POLLUTION
More informationMETHODS TO MINIMIZE WASTES FROM ELECTROPLATING FACILITIES
METHODS TO MINIMIZE WASTES FROM ELECTROPLATING FACILITIES Prepared for: Process Technology 88 The Key to Hazardous Waste Minimization August 15-18, 1988 Sacramento, California Prepared by: Edvard R. Saltzberg,
More informationTo promote reuse and recycling of industrial wastewater and sludges from the Sewerage System; and
INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL USER APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE AND WASTEWATER SURVEY MSD MSD USE ONLY ISSUED: 20 Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County, North Carolina Industrial & Commercial
More informationRecovery and reuse of water from effluents of cooling tower
J. Indian Inst. Sci., July Aug. 2005, 85, 215 221 Indian Institute of Science. Recovery and reuse of water from effluents of cooling tower S. KALIAPPAN*, C. SATHISH AND T. NIRMALKUMAR Centre for Environmental
More informationWHERE DO THE PRETREATMENT PERMIT LIMITS COME FROM??? Amy Varinoski City of Mebane
WHERE DO THE PRETREATMENT PERMIT LIMITS COME FROM??? Amy Varinoski City of Mebane AND MOST IMPORTANTLY. ARE YOU MEETING YOUR CURRENT PRETREATMENT PERMIT LIMITS? IF NOT, CAN YOUR COMPANY PARTICIPATE IN
More informationWastewater Treatment Technology and Applications in Industrial Facilities
Wastewater Treatment Technology and Applications in Industrial Facilities Treatment that industrial facilities give wastewater before discharging it to the local wastewater treatment facility is referred
More informationA COMPARISON OF A SELECTIVE RESIN WITH A CONVENTIONAL RESIN FOR NITRATE REMOVAL. George L. Dimotsis and Frank McGarvey Sybron Chemicals Inc.
A COMPARSON OF A SELECTVE RESN WTH A CONVENTONAL RESN FOR NTRATE REMOVAL By George L. Dimotsis and Frank McGarvey Sybron Chemicals nc. WC-95-2 A COMPARSON OF A SELECTVE RESN WTH A CONVENTONAL RESN FOR
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. customer base of over seven million in Peninsula Malaysia and Sabah ( TNB, 2010 ).
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest electricity utility company in Malaysia with an estimate of RM 71.4 billion worth in assets. The company is listed on the main board of
More informationLaser ACB 50 Product Code: Revised Date: 03/17/2009. Laser ACB 50
DESCRIPTION Laser ACB 50 Laser ACB 50 is a peroxide/sulfuric acid system that replaces bichromate, chromic acid, or nitricsulfuric acid pickles commonly used for pickling copper, brass and bronze alloys.
More informationJoin Today! Contact Phil Connect with NASF
Home Join NASF About NASF Law & Regulation News Events Education Chapters Chapter Resources Contribute Contact The Voice of the Industry Legal Resources NASF/OSHA Safe Work Practices Manual (PDF) OSHA
More information