Monitoring Systems to manage Water Quality of River Ganga

Transcription

1 Monitoring Systems to manage Water Quality of River Ganga By Mrinal Kanti Biswas Scientist D Central Pollution Control Board Delhi biswasmrinal@gmail.com

2 Content Layout Why Ganga an introduction Criteria for water quality Monitoring Assessment Criteria Water Quality Status of River Ganga Through Manual Monitoring Sources of Pollution, Domestic & Industrial Concern Status of Ganga segment wise Monitoring of river water quality Manual & Real time Details of Real time water Quality Monitoring existing and ongoing Online continuous effluent monitoring system By Industries, STP & CETP Conclusion - Way Forward

3 WHY GANGA? The national river of India of 2525 km length Serves as a lifeline for around 400 million people Believed to have medicinal and non-putrefying properties due to the presence of bacteriophages Believed to have a special element promoting its purification capacity Has faster rates of re-aeration as compared to other rivers Also has superior capacity to assimilate organic matter 3

4 Primary Water Quality Criteria Designated-Best-Use Class of water Criteria Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection Outdoor (Organised) bathing Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, 4 Controlled Waste disposal A 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less 2. ph between 6.5 and Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20 o C 2mg/l or less B 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less 2. ph between 6.5 and Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less C 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less 2. ph between 6 to 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less D 1. ph between 6.5 to Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less E 1. ph between 6.0 to Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max Sodium absorption Ratio Max Boron Max. 2mg/l

5 Water Quality Criteria for Bathing CRITERIA i. Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml): 500 (desirable) 2500 (Maximum Permissible) RATIONALE i. To ensure low sewage contamination. Faecal coliform and faecal streptococci are considered as they reflect the bacterial pathogenicity. ii. Faecal Streptococci (MPN/100ml): 100 (desirable) 500 (Maximum Permissible) ph : Between Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) : 5 or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 3 day, 27 o C : 3 or less 5 ii. The desirable and permissible limits are suggested to allow for fluctuation in environmental conditions such as seasonal changes, changes in flow conditions etc. The range provides protection of the skin and delicate organs like eyes, nose, ears etc. which are directly exposed during outdoor bathing. The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/l ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen consuming organic pollution immediately U/s which is necessary for preventing production of anaerobic gases (obnoxious gases) from sediments The Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 3 mg/l or less of the water ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen demanding pollutants and prevent production of obnoxious gases.

6 Water Quality Status of River Ganga At most of the locations BOD is not conforming the bathing water quality criteria All locations not conforming to coliform (TC & FC) counts DO (> 5mg/l) and ph ( ) are meeting the criteria at all the locations except few State Stretch identified Length of stretch (km) Bod range/ max value (mg/l) Uttarakhand Haridwar to Sultanpur Uttar Pradesh Kannauj to Varanasi Bihar Buxar to Bhagalpur West Bengal Tribeni to Diamond Harbour

7 Sources of Pollution Partially treated discharge of industrial effluent Untreated waste water from cities/towns. Agricultural runoff carrying fertilizers and pesticides Open defecation on the river bank. Unscientific disposal of municipal solid waste Pious refusal at Pujasthal and bathing ghats Disposal of dead bodies Parameters Quantity (MLD) Quality (BOD, mg/l) Domestic Sewage Industrial Effluents 6100 > Heavy Metals Not traceable Very High Treatability Source of raw water Organic Load (TPD) Very High Surface Water (80%) Moderate to difficult Ground Water (80%)

8 Sources of Pollution 144 drains Domestic 6100 MLD waste water (92.5%) Ganga 295 TPD of organic load (70%) 764 Industries (GPI) Industrial 501 MLD Effluent discharge (7.5%) 131 TPD of organic load (30%) 8 23 out of the 144 drains carry sewage & effluent whereas the rest carry domestic waste

9 Concern about Domestic Effluent Discharge State STP Status Monitored STPs No. of STPs Sewage generatio n (MLD) Installed Capacity (MLD) No. of STPs Installed Capacity (MLD) Utilized Capacity (MLD) STPs Exceeding BOD Limits STPs Exceeding COD Limits No. of STPs not in operation Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Bihar West Bengal Total * 1220 (25%) (54%)

10 Concern about Industrial Pollution Sl. No. 1. Pulp & Paper 2. Distillery Sectors No. of units Effluent generation (MLD) Average BOD discharged (mg/l) Organic Pollution Load (TPD) Sugar Textiles Tanneries Out of total of 764 (88%) 367 Out of total of 501 (73%) Out of total of (90%)

11 Distillery 1 Pulp & Paper 3 Sugar 3 Distillery 5 Pulp & Paper 1 Sugar 6 Chemical 9 Distillery 1 Food &dairy 8 Other 23 Pulp &Paper 2 Sugar 2 Tannery 404 Textile 55 Segment - I 1. Sewage Drains : 14 a. Flow : MLD b. BOD : 42.8 TPD 2. No. of GPI : 7 a. Effluents : 5 MLD b. BOD : 1.42 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) : b. BOD (mg/l) : (<2.0 at most of the locations U/s Rishikesh) c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) : Segment - II 1. Sewage Drains : 12 a. Flow : MLD b. BOD: : TPD 2. No. of GPI : 12 a. Effluents : 13 MLD b. BOD : 3.93 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) :>6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) :<2500 Segment III B 1. Sewage Drains : 14 a. Flow : MLD b. BOD: : TPD 2. No. of GPI : 504 a. Effluents : 39 MLD b. BOD : 6.79 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) :>6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) :high Chemical 1, Distillery 5 Food & dairy 3, Other 4 Pulp & Paper 4, Sugar 6 Tannery 40, Textile, 2 Segment - II Segment III C Origin Haridwar Segment - I Narora Segment III B 1. Sewage Drains : 7 a. Flow : 559.4MLD b. BOD: : TPD 2. No. of GPI : 61 a. Effluents : 26 MLD b. BOD : 5.3 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) :>6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) :high Segment III A Kanpur Segment III C Segment III A 1. Sewage Drains : 18 a. Flow : MLD b. BOD: :76.51TPD 2. No. of GPI : 145 a. Effluents : 314 MLD b. BOD : TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) :>6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml):high at Kanpur Allahabad Varanasi Chemical 1 Distillery 1 Food & dairy 2 Other 3 Pulp & Paper 1 Tannery 2 Textile 3 Segment IV B 1. Sewage Drains : 54 a. Flow :1780 MLD b. BOD :95.04 TPD 2. No. of GPI :22 a. Effluents :87 MLD b. BOD :15.6 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) : >6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) :high x10 4 Segment IV A Chemical 10 Distillery 20 Food & dairy 4 Other 8 Pulp & Paper 53 Sugar 48 Textile 2 1. Sewage Drains : 25 a. Flow :580 MLD b. BOD :100 TPD 2. No. of GPI :13 a. Effluents :17 MLD b. BOD :2 TPD 3. Water Quality a. DO (mg/l) : >6.0 b. BOD (mg/l) : (<3.0 at most of the locations) c. F.C. (MPN/100 ml) :<9,000 Rajmahal Segment IV B Segment IV A 12/09/2016 NGRBA CELL, CPCB 11 Diamond Harbour Polluting Sources, Load and Quantity Chemical 5 Distillery 2 Food & dairy 5 Other 3 Pulp &Paper 3 Sugar 3 Textile 1

12 9 Bio Mapping of River Ganga Segment - I Origin Segment III A Average Saprobic Score Average Diversity Score Biological Water Quality Class - B Biological Water Quality - Slightly Polluted Indicator Colour - Light Blue Segment - II Average Saprobic Score Average Diversity Score Biological Water Quality Class - C Biological Water Quality - Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour - Green Haridwar Narora Average Saprobic Score Average Diversity Score Biological Water Quality Class - C Biological Water Quality - Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour - Green Kanpur Allahabad Segment IV A Average Saprobic score Average Diversity score Biological Water quality Class C Biological Water Quality Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour - Green Segment IV A Segment III B Average Saprobic Score Average Diversity Score Biological Water Quality Class - C Biological Water Quality - Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour - Green Segment III C Average Saprobic Score Average Diversity Score Biological Water Quality Class - C Biological Water Quality - Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour - Green 9 1 Varanasi Segment IV B Segment IV Average Saprobic score Average Diversity score Biological Water quality Class C Biological Water Quality Moderate Pollution Indicator Colour Green Rajmahal Diamond Harbour 12/09/2016 NGRBA CELL, CPCB 12

13 Proposed Water Quality Monitoring (WQM) system Data Purchase: - Agency does not own instruments and does not manage the network - They simply purchase qualified data Data services Data qualification Data Representativeness: Minimum flow, measurement depth Data completeness: Must be received from at least 90% of the total locations, measurements from each such location shall not be less than 90% of the measurements specified for it. Parameters weighted Be present at calibration Qualify data: Data representativeness, data completeness, parameters Data visualization and reporting

14 Proposed Water Quality Monitoring (WQM) system for River Ganga Real time monitoring network (113 stations) State Station Type Total Site Class I Class II Class III finalized 1 st Phase installation (In progress) Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Bihar West Bengal Total Class I indicates the primary stations at selected locations of the Ganga main stem. These will be important impact and baseline stations where the maximum number of parameters will be collected. Class II indicates the secondary stations at the remaining locations, on the main stem and at important tributaries. Class III indicates stations at confluence of major nallas 14 NGRBA CELL, CPCB 12/09/2016

15 Sl. No. City / Town 1. Haridwar Upper Ganga Barrage 2. Kannauj Downstream Kannauj 3. Kanpur Jajmou Bridge 4. Allahabad Upstream of Allahabad 5. Varanasi Upstream of Varanasi 6. Varanasi Downstream of Varanasi Existing 10 RTWQM Stations Locations River Parameters being monitored Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga 7. Patna Gandhi Ghat Ganga 8. Kolkata Garden reach Ganga 1. ph 2. DO 3. BOD 4. COD 5. NH 3 N 6. NO Cl - 8. Specific conductivity 9. Turbidity 10. True color 9. Wazirabad 10. Okhla Delhi water intake point Delhi Yamuna Yamuna

16 Salient feature of ongoing Network Covers 36 out of 113 proposed locations for 5 years 34 fixed locations and 2 cross-sections 36 stations be commissioned within 8 months from the date of signing of contract Minimum 5 stations in 6 months from the date of signing of contract Min 9 to Max 17 Water Quality Parameters to be Monitored at fixed stations and 8 parameters in crosssections Ranges, Accuracy & Resolution defined for each parameters 16 Sl. No. Parameter Abbreviation / Symbol 1. Ammonia NH3 2. Biochemical Oxygen BOD Demand 3. Benzene, Toluene, and BTX Xylenes 4. Chloride Cl- 5. Chemical Oxygen Demand COD 6. Color Color 7. Dissolved Oxygen DO 8. Electro Conductivity EC 9. Fluoride F- 10. Nitrate NO3-11. ph ph 12. Potassium K+ 13. Temperature T 14. Total Organic TOC Compounds 15. Total Suspended Solids TSS 16. Turbidity Turbidity 17. Water level Water Level

17 Sl. No. Parameters to be monitored Parameter Abbreviation / Symbol 1. Ammonia NH3 2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD 3. Benzene, Toluene, and BTX Xylenes 4. Chloride Cl- 5. Chemical Oxygen Demand COD 6. Color Color 7. Dissolved Oxygen DO 8. Electro Conductivity EC 9. Fluoride F- 10. Nitrate NO3-11. ph ph 12. Potassium K+ 13. Temperature T 14. Total Organic TOC Compounds 15. Total Suspended TSS Solids Turbidity NGRBA CELL, CPCB Turbidity 12/09/ Water level Water Level

18 Salient feature of the contract Technical Weightage assigned to Parameters (4 weightage) Compulsory Calibration : Once in 14 days Traceable Standards- comparisons relating instrument's measurements to a known standard to determine an instrument's bias and precision. Data Validation, Data Accuracy by Data Qualification Consultant Completeness of Data Requirement for Payment Measurements must be received from at least 90% of the total locations (namely 31 locations); and The measurements received from each such location shall not be less than 90% 18of the measurements specified for it.

19 Salient feature of Contract Technical Contd.. Mandatory Measurement Conditions Minimum Flow Measurement Depth Data Collection, Delivery & Storage Hourly data from Fixed stations and 24-hourly data from Cross section stations delivered within 5 min to CPCB Data Center & stored in Server s of CPCB as well as Service Provider s 19

20 Salient feature of Bid documents- Financial Hourly rate of payment for each parameters determined from Annual price Cross-section measurement will be carried out from 10am to 2pm in every 2 sec and will be considered equivalent of 24 hours data Payment be made only for validated data on monthly basis 20

21 Online Continuous Effluent Monitoring system (OCEMS) Out of 764 identified Industries operating the main stem of Ganga 565 units have already installed the OCEMS and about 210 units are now connected with CPCB/SPCBs. S.No. Category Total Industry Installed Connected 1 Sugar Pulp & Paper Distillery* Fertiliser Oil Refinery Pharmaceutical Petro-Chemical Pesticide Cement Thermal Power Plant Tannery Food & Beverages Slaughter house Textile Chemicals (Org+inorg) Locomotive, automobile, Paint, Electroplating, Galvanizing, waste recyclers & Engineering TOTAL

22 CPCB Believes in. What Gets Measure Gets Managed

23 Thank you

24 Sl. No. Parameters to be monitored Parameter Abbreviation / Symbol Range Accuracy (the greater of) Resolution 1. Ammonia NH3 0.0 to 100 mg/l ± 10% 0.1 mg/l 2. Biochemical Oxygen BOD 0.0 to 50 mg/l (river Ganga) ± 10% 1 mg/l Demand 0.0 to 500mg/l (drain or tributaries) 3. Benzene, Toluene, and BTX mg/l ± 10% 1 mg /L* Xylenes 4. Chloride Cl- 0.0 to 100 mg/l ± 10% 0.1 mg/l 5. Chemical Oxygen COD 0.0 to 500 mg/l (in river Ganga ±10% 1 mg/l Demand 0.0 to 1500mg/L (drain or tributaries) 6. Color Color Hazen ± 10% 10 hazen 7. Dissolved Oxygen DO 0 to 20 mg/l ± 10% 0.01 mg/l 8. Electro Conductivity EC 0.0 to 5000 μs/cm ± 10% 0.01 μs/cm 9. Fluoride F- 0 2 mg/l ± 10% 0,05 mg/l 10. Nitrate NO3-1 to 50 mg/l ± 10% 0.1 mg/l 11. ph ph 0.0 to 14 units of ph ± units of ph 12. Potassium K mg/l ± 10% 0,1 mg/l* 13. Temperature T -5 to 50º C ±.5 C 0.1º C 14. Total Organic Compounds TOC mg/l ± 10% 1 mg/l 15. Total Suspended Solids TSS mg/l* ( mg/ L) ± 10% 0.1 mg/l 16. Turbidity Turbidity 0 to 2000 NTU ± 10% 0.1 NTU 24 NGRBA CELL, CPCB 12/09/ Water level Water Level 0 to 5 m ±.005 m m

25 Parameters & Weightage assigned Sl. No. Parameters of water quality Category of parameters Relative weightage of each category 1 BOD A 10 2 DO A 10 3 EC A 10 4 ph A 10 5 Temperature A 10 6 Ammonia B 5 7 Chloride B 5 8 COD B 5 9 TSS B 5 10 Turbidity B 5 11 Color C 3 12 Fluoride C 3 13 Nitrate C 3 14 Potassium C 3 15 BTX D TOC D 2 17 Water level D 2