Solid waste management: Factor selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process

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1 Solid waste management: Factor selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Sruthi.c 1, Mohamed Suhail.T 2 1 M Tech scholar,department of Civil Engineering,MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram, Malappuram, Kerala, India 2 Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering,MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram, Malappuram, Kerala, India Abstract:The solid waste management is one of the major issues all over the world. Human practices has been directly linked to the management of solid waste due to its effect on both public and environmental health. As the world become more urbanized and developed consumption rate are on the rise. Inevitable consequence of more consumption is the rapid increase in the quantity of solid waste that is produced. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are seriously destroying the urban and semi urban environment in many parts of the world s developing countries, which lead to enormous strain on natural resources and obstructing efficient and sustainable development. This paper identified the major factors responsible for inefficient municipal solid waste management. One of the methods utilized is the multi-criteria analysis method called the analytical hierarchical process (AHP).In analytical hierarchical level weight of the elements are calculated from AHP, it is found that insufficient information quantity of municipal solid waste has high priority compared to other factors Keywords: Analytical hierarchy process, Consistency ratio, Lambda max technique I. INTRODUCTION In India, the city/town Municipalities are responsible for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of municipal waste that are generated in the city/town. In some regions the collection of waste and its management is been given to third party. The main problems of municipalities in solid waste management include the sharp increase in the accumulation of waste and its management, use of open dumps that create and spread health problems, contamination of underground resources. Along with the accelerating urbanized progress and increase of population, larger number of MSW with complex composition and hazardous substance has become a major threat to the urban environment and health of urban residents. If an appropriate management system isn t used for this problem, it may lead to environmental degradation and effect the human health. The inefficiencies of many solid waste management agencies and system is a result of many factors. Recognizing the major factor is essential for efficient municipal solid waste management. The inefficiencies experienced by solid waste management agencies and system is a result of many factors which include managerial aspect economic aspect legal aspect etc. The main factors are recognized by using Analytical hierarchy process. II. LITERATURE REVIEW R Noori, MA Abdoli, M Jalili Ghazizade, R Samieifard (2009) Comparison of Neural Network and Principal Component-Regression Analysis to Predict the Solid Waste Generation in Tehran. In this study he perform the short-term prediction of waste generation by artificial neural network (ANN) and principal component-regression analysis. It is important for MSW managers to obtain accurate predictions of solid waste quantities which are generated. The short-term prediction of future MSW generation can facilitate better planning with DOI : /IJRTER IN4PP 251

2 respect to collection, personnel, truck utilization, and transportation to the landfilling final disposal. Conventional forecasting methods for MSW generation frequently use the demographic and socioeconomic factors in a percapita basis. Salam Abdul, (2010). Environment and Health impact of solid waste disposal a Mangwaneni Dumpsite in Manzini: Swaziland His work was to determine the effects of dumpsite on the surroundings human settlements in the Mangwaneni area of the course dumpsite in Manzini city and also to study the type of diseases and view of people towards the open dumping site. Elmira Shamshiry, Behzad Nadi (2010). Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Management Every year municipality spends more than 75% of its budget for collection and transportation of solid waste. Waste disposal is essential and is also very expensive. In this paper a response surface model was established and numerical simulation were performed to study the impact factor for optimization of solid waste managment.according to the statistics presented,municipalities of Saris expenditure for workers salary and fuel for vehicles to transport the waste was found. He suggested a regression model for determination of cost required for transportation of solid waste. Chi-Horng Liao, Anthony SF Chiu (2011). Evaluate municipal solid waste management problems using hierarchical framework Evaluation of municipal solid waste management is a challenging issue because it involves complex, interrelated criteria and thus calls for proper Modelling approaches to clearly identify the crucial criteria and their interrelationship to initiate more effective strategies for improving MSWM.In this he develop a hierarchical evaluation framework include four main steps identifying the interrelationship among criteria,establishing the reachability matrix determining the hierarchical level of criteria,and developing the four quadrant map. The study implemented a case study research design. Data for this study were collected from a wide variety of sources to present a description of the phenomenon other experience from the respondents. Instruments used included a questionnaire guide, an interview guide and afield observation guide. The questionnaire contained both close ended and open ended questions in order to solicit information. The study area consist of a total population of 850 and 121 households. A stratified simple random sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyses the data. III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To identify and evaluate various factors affecting the solid waste management. To identify the critical factors affecting solid waste management using AHP. IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Tirur municipalities, female sex ratio is 1131 against state average of 1084, moreover child sex ratio is 938.Among 35 ward in Tirur town ward number 24is the most populous ward with population of 2164 and ward number 26 has the least population of Tirur is a municipal town in Malappuram district in Indian state of Kerala spread over an area of square kilometres. City is divided into 35 wards. Total population of Tirur municipality is 56,058 of which 26,308 are males while are females as per report released by census India 2011.Out of total All Rights Reserved 252

3 Fig.1.Map of Tirur 4.1 Data Collection Method The primary data is collected through self-administered questionnaire and analyzed. A sample set of 10 people are taken.the survey was conducted among group of individual which include people working in municipality in health department,workers working in treatment unit, etc. Numerous factors have been identified as hindrance in the effort of solid waste manager to providing effective, efficient and sustainable solid waste management services in their localities. The questionnaire highlight the most important factors that affect efficient solid waste management system. These factors were identified through several literature surveys and suggestions from experienced persons. A questionnaire is prepared using these factors. The questionnaire is distributed among experts. The AHP considers a set of evaluation criteria, and a set of alternative options among which the best decision is to be made. It is important to note that, since some of the criteria could be contrasting, it is not true in general that the best option is the one which optimizes. Table 1: Major factors Managerial aspect (MA) Economic aspect (EA) Political /Legal aspect (PA) Social constraints (SC) Inadequately trained personnel Insufficient /unreliable information on quantity of solid waste Insufficient coverage of collection system Inflexible work schedule Lack of co-ordination among relevant SWM agencies Lack of good financial management & planning High cost of collection & disposal Implementation of taxing system on waste generator Insufficient fund Revision of waste management acts Proper execution of waste management acts Establishment of new /additional waste management agencies Low social status of SWM workers Traffic congestion Unregulated activities of waste pickers Lack of public awareness, participation and school education on All Rights Reserved 253

4 V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS From AHP, it is found that insufficient information on quantity of municipal (40%) solid waste has high priority compared to other factors. Lack of co-ordination among relevant SWM agencies has least weightage (4%). Based on the mean scores of the response ratings, the identified factors influencing the quality performance construction project is divided into success attributes, failure attributes and neutral attributes. Table.2.weightage of each factor Criteria Total weightage Insufficient information on quantity of solid waste 40% Inflexible work schedule 28.8% Lack of co-ordination 17.1% Inadequately trained personnel 17% Lack of co-ordination among relevant SWM agencies 4% Lack of financial management & planning 18.9% High cost of collection & disposal 15.01% Implementation of taxing system on waste generator 24.5% Insufficient fund 35% Revision of waste management acts 24% Proper execution of waste management acts 39% Establishment of new/additional waste management agencies 35% Low social status of SWM workers 22.4% Traffic congestion 9% Unregulated activities of waste pickers 23.3% Lack of public awareness, participation and school education on 16% SWM VI. CONCLUSIONS Solid waste management or municipal solid waste management varies widely among different countries and regions. Most of the management services are often provided by local government authorities or by private companies in the industry. System approach or Solid waste management system is the most effective way to management solid waste. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find out the major factor which affect the inefficient municipal solid waste management. The questionnaire is distributed to 10 people working in municipality.ahp model analysis is used for identifying the critical factor which affect MSWM and it is found insufficient information on quantity of municipal (40%) solid waste has high priority compared to other factors ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our principal Dr. V H Abdul Salam for providing such quality facilities in our esteemed institution for my project phase. Also I am thankful to my guide assistant Prof.Mohamed Suhail.T for being a great force behind all my efforts through timely advice, guidance and words of encouragement. I also extend my sincere gratitude to all teaching and nonteaching staffs for their valuable advice and help to move forward with the All Rights Reserved 254

5 REFERENCES 1. Brunello M Introduction of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. SpringerBriefs in Operations Research. P (1969) Concept of the Corporation (Boston, MA: Beacon Press). 2. Saaty R.W., The Analytic Hierarchy Process-What it is and How it is used. Mathl Modelling Pergamon Journals ltd, Vol. 9, 3. Thyberg K.L and Tonjse D.J, Management framework for municipal solid waste systems and its application to food waste. 4. Omofonmwan S, I.2008.The challenge of Environmental problems in Nigeria, J, Hum.Ecol, Martinez Raga M.Andress Martins D.D.Ruiz Garcia JC, Friningial Lopez J.2014.From measures to conclusion using Analytic Hierarchy Process in Dependability Benchmarkind.IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and measurement. 6. The Analytic hierarchy process-what it is and how it is used.math Modelling Pergamon Journal Itd.Vol.9.No.3-5J All Rights Reserved 255