Flood Protection Bamako. Mali Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW)

Transcription

1 Flood Protection Bamako Mali Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) 17 May 2015

2 I. Project/Programme Description (Please submit the completed form to ) Project/Programme Name Flood Protection Bamako 1.2. Project or Programme Project 1.3. Country (ies) / Region Mali 1.4. National Designated Authority(ies) 1.5. Accredited Entity KfW 1.6. Executing entity / Beneficiary Agence de l Environnement et du Développement Durable (AEDD), Ministère de l Environnement, de l Assainissement et du Développement Durable Executing Entity: Direction Nationale de l'assainissement et de Contrôle de Pollution et des Nuisances (DNACPN) - National Sanitation and Pollution Directorate in the Ministry for Environment, Sanitation and Sustainable Development (MEADD) Beneficiary: Government of Mali, specifically the population of Bamako 1.7. Access modality Direct International 1.8. Mitigation / Adaptation focus 1.9. Results areas (mark all that apply) Project / programme life span Estimated implementation start and end Date Short project / programme description Green Climate Fund Project/Programme Concept Note Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Energy access and power generation Reduced emissions Low emission transport from Buildings, cities, industries and appliances Increased resilience of 4 years Forestry and land use Most vulnerable people and communities Health and well-being, and food and water security Infrastructure and built environment Ecosystems and ecosystem services Start: January 2016 (3 months after funding decision / contractual agreements) End: December 2019 The project s objective is to reduce the vulnerability of Mali, in particular of its capital Bamako, to the damages caused by heavy rainfall and flooding. Flooding is a regular occurrence in Bamako, reducing the quality of life, causing damage to public and private property and posing a problem for public health. The entire population of Bamako (currently 2.3 million) will benefit directly or indirectly from the increased resilience of the capital to heavy rain fall. The number of direct beneficiaries alone is expected to reach about 1 million, characterized by a very young and overly poor population with more than 50% living under the poverty line. With climate change, the precipitation patterns have changed in the Sahel region and the intensity of heavy rainfalls has increased in the past decades. Bamako is particularly vulnerable to flooding during the rainy season, during which heavy precipitation events can occur frequently. Due to the city s geographical characteristics, these heavy rainfalls can reach catastrophic dimensions, as flood waves develop abruptly and reach heights of up to 4m in the city center. The combination of increased precipitation, the high volume of solid waste in the streets, and the lacking drainage capacity, has been causing severe damages to the population of Bamako. Following the last catastrophic flood of 2013 over people in the capital lost their homes, not to mention the economic cost of the damage for the government. 1 Please use the following naming convention for the file name: [CN]-[Agency short name]-[date]-[serial number] (e.g. CN-GCF ). 1

3 II. Objectives / Results 2.1. Objectives 2.2. Key indicators and results The lacking drainage system and the quasi non-existent wastewater management system in the city of Bamako further aggravates the consequences of flooding. A sanitation masterplan for the wastewater management of Bamako is currently under preparation, which will include the technical design for a drainage system. However, specific flood prevention measures have so far not been taken into account and thus urgently need to be addressed. The here proposed project will include both physical investments and non-physical measures to prevent and mitigate flood consequences. The physical investments will comprise the construction of several main water collection tunnels in the city s most vulnerable areas and the construction, rehabilitation and extension of existing secondary connections to improve the existing drainage system. In addition, flood retention spaces will be created with (floodable) public leisure and recreational areas. In the case of extreme hydrological events, these areas will increase the city s water absorption and drainage capacity and thus reduce flood damages. The non-physical investments will primarily consist of communication campaigns to increase public awareness, preparedness and consciousness of the risks of heavy rainfalls and floods. In view of the Malian context, the communication campaigns shall focus on hygiene and public health risks, with particular attention to waterborne diseases, the high prevalence of malaria and epidemics. Furthermore, the non-physical investments shall include a technical assistance and capacity building component for the Malian government, to strengthen their capabilities and capacities in planning and implementing flood protection measures. The main objective of the project is to improve the livelihood of the population of Bamako by protecting the city and its population against flood-induced damages, both public and private, and the loss of life, by improving the city s urban infrastructure and by strengthening the Malian Ministry for Environment, Sanitation and Sustainable Development (MEADD). The preliminary indicators for the project are the following: Reduction of the damage to private property and public infrastructure caused by heavy rainfall and flooding Reduction of the impact on public health and loss of life caused by heavy rainfall and flooding Increased awareness of the population with regards to the risks and consequences of flooding, particularly water borne diseases and epidemics Increased capabilities and capacity within the Malian authorities to plan and implement flood prevention measures These indicators will be adapted and complemented by the indicators adopted by the GCF. The baseline and target values will be defined at a later stage. The major result of the project is primarily increased resilience to flooding and is composed of the following sub-results: Improved functioning of the existing drainage system by completed construction of new water control structures, notably water collection tunnels, drainage channels, and rehabilitation and extension of the existing secondary connections. Water drainage capacities in the target areas of the city of Bamako allowing the drainage of at least the peak annual rainfall and up to a rainfall with at least a 50- year recurrence interval. Completed construction of flood retention spaces and designated floodplains in the target zones, including public leisure areas and recreational facilities. Increased awareness, preparedness and consciousness of the population of Bamako concerning the risks and consequences of flooding, particularly with regards to public health, waterborne diseases and epidemics. Technical expertise prevailing within the Ministry for Environment, Sanitation and Sustainable Development, the national directorate for sanitation (DNACPN) and its regional directions (DRACPN), to plan and implement flood protection measures, to introduce flood risk prevention measures in the cities planning and decision making processes and to improve disaster management capacity in Bamako and major Malian cities (i.e. eight regional capitals). 2

4 2.3. Performance against investment criteria (short summary) Explain the expected impact of the project or programme, referring specifically to how the project or programme will improve performance against each of the Fund s six investment criteria. Climate impact potential The major impact of climate change in the Sahel region is the change in rainwater patterns and particularly higher rainfall intensity and higher occurrence of floods. In the past decades, flooding has recurrently occurred in Bamako, with a total of 17 inundations in Bamako since 1980 and particularly catastrophic floods in the years 2001, 2007 and 2013 with between 10,000 and up to 90,000 affected people each year. The last flood of 2013 directly affected more than 40,000 thousand people in the capital alone, with several hundred buildings destroyed and 40 deaths. This project will increase the resilience of the capital of Mali to extreme rainfall events and floods, through the building of the long-term infrastructure that will mitigate the risks and consequences of flooding (lifespan 30 years before first rehabilitation). It will further improve resilience on the micro level, through improved public knowledge and awareness of the flood-related health risks, and on the macro level, through improved expertise within the government. The number of indirect beneficiaries corresponds to the population of Bamako, currently 2.3 million people (population of Mali: 16 million) that will benefit from the capital s resilience to heavy rain fall. The number of direct beneficiaries will be determined during the elaboration of the technical and the baseline studies, but is expected to be around 1 million. Paradigm shift potential Currently, the government of Mali only has scarce financial and technical resources to plan and implement flood preventive measures; efforts are mostly based on damage control following the floods. The project will allow not only to implement, but also to showcase the planning and building of flood prevention measures, in particular the creation of flood retention spaces and the drainage system for rainwater in the most vulnerable zones of the city. These measures can then be replicated in the remainder of the city as well as throughout the country. The experiences gained in the capital with both physical and nonphysical measures (communication campaigns), in combination with the planned technical assistance to the government, will improve the government s technical expertise to plan and implement flood prevention measures in the so-called secondary cities, the capitals of the eight Malian regions. Sustainable development potential The project will presumably have wider environmental, economic, social and genderrelated benefits. The collection and controlled drainage of rainwater will reduce the negative environmental impact that occurs, when pollutants and waste is released due to flood-incurred damage and drained towards the river Niger. The planned infrastructure is labor-intensive and will therefore have a positive economic impact in the short term. In the long term, the project will reduce the high economic costs of flooding, incurred through the destruction of public and private infrastructure, disease and epidemics, and in the consequence, a lower economic productivity. The project also has a significant social impact, as it will directly improve the livelihood of the target population, particularly with regards to health and safety. In addition, the planned leisure and recreational areas will improve the communities wellbeing and enhance the urban environment. Finally, the project will reduce gender inequalities, as the consequences of flooding on health are borne by the women, who in Malian society are in charge of health care. Needs of the recipient The level of exposure to climate risks is particularly high in the Sahel region. In addition, Mali, one of the poorest African States (HDI rank 176 out of 186), that is further weakened by the current political and security situation, is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters occurring in the country. With a very dense population in the capital, fragile housing situation and an overly poor population, the population of Bamako is particularly vulnerable and exposed to these risks. The needs became particularly apparent with the flood of 2013 which severely impacted the (unprepared) capital. The Malian government lacks both the funds and the technical expertise to plan and implement flood prevention measures. Country ownership This project is a priority for the Malian government and has received particular attention from the National Designated Authority and the Minister of the MEADD himself. There is 3

5 III. Financing / Cost Information 3.1. Description of financial elements of the project / programme 3.2. Project Financing Information Total Project Financing (a) = (b) + (c) (b) Requested GCF Amount strong awareness level for the risks and the consequences of floods that rose after the natural disasters in the past years. Furthermore, in the context of the fragile political and security context, prevention of natural disasters with very high negative (and visible) impacts for the population in the capital has gained a particular importance for the government and stability in the country. The project aligns with the government s national climate change policy and strategy dated 2011 (Politique Nationale de Lutte contre les Changements Climatiques ; Stratégie Nationale de lutte contre les Changements Climatiques). Efficiency and effectiveness In the past, flood-events have incurred major costs for the government of Mali and its population. Only little data is available, but estimations for example for the floods of 2002 and 2003 amounted to direct costs of roughly 4 million EUR and EUR 6 million, respectively. This does not include the avoided economic cost of the floods, cost of emergency response, health care costs, lower economic productivity, or non-monetary costs such as loss of life. Calculations for an existing project in Bamako (see chapter VII) that foresees the construction of 2 collection tunnels with total costs of about EUR 11 million have shown that the measures are economically feasible with high NPVs and positive economic return reached after 2 years. The likelihood of a negative economic output for this project is almost non-existent. In the long term, the project is financially viable as there are only minor operation and maintenance costs, while the economic return is substantial. Short summary, including reference to the GCF contribution Please describe the financial instrument(s) to be used in support of the project (e.g. grants, loans, equity, and/or guarantees), and how the choice of financial instrument(s) will overcome barriers and achieve project objectives. Please also describe how and to what extent the envisaged financial instrument(s) will leverage additional public and/or private finance. The financial instrument to support the project is grants. Based on the governments financial abilities (the vast majority of national sanitation and environmental programmes being financed by external donors) and the nature of the proposed infrastructure (i.e. no revenues foreseen), the need for grants is justified. The government currently does not possess the funds to finance larger infrastructure projects in the capital. Currently, the government is even lacking the funds to implement small-scale but urgent measures for flood prevention. Additional private financing is not envisaged, nor realistic. However, with first experience in Bamako, technical expertise within the Ministry and more importantly available technical studies to plan and implement further protection measures, additional public funding can more easily be mobilized. Financial Instrument Amount Currency (i) Grant 25 million (ii) Loan euro ( ) (iii) Equity (iv) Guarantee Total Requested (i+ii+iii+iv) 25 million euro ( ) Name of Institution Seniority 4

6 (c) Co-financing Grant 10 million euro ( ) KfW pari passu Lead financing institution: KfW IV. Brief Rationale for GCF Involvement and Exit Strategy Please specif y why the GCF contribution is critical for the project/programme. Currently, there are no donors involved in flood prevention programmes in Mali. While the government of Mali receives substantial a ount of external financial resources, geographically these are often concentrated on urgency and reconstructio n measures in the Northern parts of the country, or from the sector perspective on resilience measures in the agricultural s ector. Little attention has been given to prevention of natural disasters as a consequence of climate change. GCF contribu ion is therefore critical to implement such projects in particular as significant contributions can be made for long-term and larger-scale infrastructure projects, as here proposed. Please explain how the project/programme will be sustained after GCF intervention. The bulk of the costs for flood prevention is the initial investment, for which the government of Mali requires external financial support. In the medium and long term, only limited funds are necessary for operation and maintenance in the first years, primarily for yearly inspections and cleaning of the drainage system. To ensure long term effects, further communication campaigns should be conducted, to ensure awareness of the population and limit housing near water or flood prone areas, for which government funds however should be sufficient in the long term. V. Environment and Social Safeguards (including gender) Please briefly specify the substantial environmental and social risks that the project / programme may face and the proposed risk mitigation measures. KfW has strong social and environmental standards that follow guidelines of the German Federal Government as well as internationally applied standards, e.g. IFC Performance Standards / World Bank. The negative environmental risks are minor, as the planned infrastructure is based on existing drainage system or natural river courses, in an already urban area. A higher risk will be the waste disposal of the population in the drainage system, which will contaminate the rain water, which contrary to wastewater is not treated. For this issue, coordination with the ongoing Bamako sanitation masterplan will be ensured to identify ways to ensure the separation of wastewater and rainwater and the minimization of negative environmental impacts throughout the city. Higher risks are expected with regards to the social impact of the project. In order to protect the population from floods, temporary and definite relocations will be necessary, as currently (illegal) housing frequently occurs nearby flood-prone water areas. An extensive environmental and social impact analyses (ESIA) and a resettlement action plan (RAP) will be conducted based on international standards (World Bank/ UN Guiding Principles). Although government financing of resettlement costs is desired, contingencies for RAP shall be included in the project budget to ensure proper implementation of the RAP in any case. The communication campaigns and the planned leisure and recreational areas, which shall be planned in a participatory manner, will mitigate the negative impact on the affected communities. VI. Multi-Stakeholder Engagement Please specify the plan for multi-stakeholder engagement, and what has been done so far in this regard. With regards to the donors, coordination is foreseen in the context of the Bamako sanitation plan. With regards to government entities, coordination between the relevant Ministries (Ministries for Urban Development and Habitat, Interior, Health, Sanitation and more) and exchange on the issue of relocation of households in flood-prone areas is already under way in the context of the KfW financed project (see chapter VII). With regards to the target population, a participatory approach shall be conducted for the selection and planning of the leisure and recreational areas. Further details will be elaborated in the environmental and social management plan in the beginning of project implementation. Due to the expected relocation needs, particular attention will be given to these stakeholders and their needs, to ensure a smooth project implementation. VII. Status of Project/Programme 1) Please indicate whether a pre-feasibility study has been conducted for the proposed project/programme: Yes X No (If Yes, please provide more details in Annex II.) 2) Is the proposed project/programme is to be developed as an extension of a previous project (e.g. subsequent phase), or based on a previous project/programme (e.g. scale up or replication)? Yes X No (If yes, please provide an evaluation report of the previous project in Annex II, if available.) 5

7 d A first project phase that foresees the construction of 5 km drainage channels in the most vulnerable areas of the city, has been appraised in September With approval from the German Ministry for Cooperation and Economic Development in the first quarter 2015, the implementation has started in April During the course of 2015 and 2016, consulting services will be recruited and detailed technical and tender documents for the construction works elaborated. Construction for this project shall start end of 2016 with project completion expected end of Therefore, evaluation reports are not available yet. The project appraisal report is available in German. VIII. Remarks Annex I. Please insert a map indicating the location of the project/programme. Annex II. Please provide the pre-feasibility study report, and/or evaluation report, if available. 6