Sequestration Program Overview

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1 Mixed Gas Stream Mostly CO 2 CO 2 and other gases Mostly H 2 Sequestration Program Overview National Conference of State Legislatures July 21,2009 Sean Plasynski, PhD Sequestration Technology Manager October 2008

2 Outline of Presentation What is Sequestration How does it work Key Challenges Evidence of why it will work and those who are doing it commercially DOE Sequestration Program Addressing Challenges Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Pictures from sites what does storing CO2 look like Summary 2

Terrestrial Capture CO 2 absorbed from air Terrestrial Storage Trees, grasses, soils Point Source Capture

3 What is Carbon Capture and Sequestration? Capture and storage of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be emitted to the atmosphere Terrestrial Capture CO 2 absorbed from air Terrestrial Storage Trees, grasses, soils Point Source Capture Power Plants Ethanol Plants Cement Steel Refineries Natural Gas Processing Ocean Sandstone Geologic Storage Saline formations Depleted oil/gas Unmineable coal Other: basalts, shales 3

4 Carbon Storage How does it work? Storage mechanisms vary by target class; generally multiple processes which improve over time Physical trapping Residual phase trapping Solution/Mineral Trapping Gas adsorption For organic minerals only (coals, oil shales) 1.0 MgCO NaAlCO 3 (OH) 2 4 Source: S Benson, LBNL

5 5 Photo courtesy of

6 Key Challenges to Carbon Capture and Storage Technical Issues Capture Technology Existing Plants New Plants (PC) IGCC Cost of CCS Sufficient Storage Capacity Permanence Best Practices Storage Site Characterization Monitoring/Verification Modeling Legal/Social Issues Regulatory Framework Permitting Treatment of CO 2 Legal Framework Liability Ownership pore space CO 2 Infrastructure Human Capital Public Acceptance (NIMBY NUMBY) 6

7 Lines of Evidence Suggesting Geological Storage Will Be Secure Natural CO 2 reservoirs Oil and gas reservoirs Natural gas storage 70 CO 2 EOR projects in U.S. 50 acid gas injection sites in North America Numerical simulation of geological systems Current Large-Scale CO 2 storage projects At least 99%+ retention is likely for well selected and managed storage sites 7 Bullets Based on Rubin, CMU; Quote from IPCC Special Report on Carbon Capture & Storage

Large Geological Storage Projects Underway Each Stores > 1 Million Tonnes

production platform in North Sea Injection into saline reservoir under sea

coal gasification plant Started 2000 8 In Salah Gas Plant - Algeria Injection

8 Large Geological Storage Projects Underway Each Stores > 1 Million Tonnes CO2/yr Sleipner Project- Norway CO 2 removed from natural gas produced on production platform in North Sea Injection into saline reservoir under sea Started 1996 Weyburn Saskatchewan EOR project with 50 wells Uses CO 2 from coal gasification plant Started In Salah Gas Plant - Algeria Injection into saline formation downdip of gas reservoir 3 wells Started 2004 Photos from Staoil Website

9 DOE s Carbon Sequestration Program Goals Develop Technology Options That... Deliver technologies & best practices that provide Carbon Capture and Safe Storage (CCSS) with: 90% CO 2 capture at source 99% storage permanence < 10% increase in COE Pre-combustion capture (IGCC) < 35% increase in COE Post-combustion capture Oxy-combustion 9

regulatory, environmental, and outreach issues Validate sequestration technology and infrastructure 7 Regional

10 Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Engage regional, state, and local governments Determine regional sequestration benefits Baseline region for sources and sinks Establish monitoring and verification protocols Address regulatory, environmental, and outreach issues Validate sequestration technology and infrastructure 7 Regional Partnerships 43 States, 4 Canadian Provinces 350+ distinct organizations Developing the Infrastructure for Wide-Scale Deployment 10

11 Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Program Phases FISCAL YEAR CHARACTERIZATION PHASE Characterize all all RCSP regions for carbon capture and storage opportunities $16 M DOE +$ 5 M CS VALIDATION PHASE Validate technologies through field Validate testing technologies at selected through geologic field and testing terrestrial at selected site locations geologic and terrestrial site locations $120 M DOE + $43 M CS Scale of 100 to 10,000 Tons CO 2 Scale of 1,000,000 Tons CO 2 DEPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT PHASE Complete Complete large-volume development deployment tests of of sequestration technologies that that will will help help enable future future commercial -scale scale applications ~$500 million DOE - over $200 million cost share 11

National Atlas Highlights (Atlas II) Adequate St

Emissions ~ 6 GT CO 2 /yr point sources 2 /yr all sources Oil and Gas Fields Conservative

Formations Unmineable Coal Seams Oil and Gas Fields Saline Formations Low 3300 160 140

12 National Atlas Highlights (Atlas II) Adequate Storage Projected Emissions ~ 3.8 GT CO U.S. Emissions ~ 6 GT CO 2 /yr point sources 2 /yr all sources Oil and Gas Fields Conservative Resource Assessment North American CO 2 Storage Potential (Giga Tons) Sink Type Saline Formations Unmineable Coal Seams Oil and Gas Fields Saline Formations Low High 12, Unmineable Coal Seams Hundreds of Years of Storage Potential 12 Available for download at

13 RCSP Phase II: Validation Small-Scale Geologic Field Tests BSCSP WESTCARB SWP 20 PCOR Saline formations (3,000 to 60,000 tons) Depleted oil fields (50 to 500,000 tons) Coal Seams (200-30,000 tons) Basalt formation (1,000 tons) MGSC SECARB MRCSP RCSP Big Sky MGSC MRCSP PCOR SECARB Formation Type Saline Saline Oil-bearing Saline 1 Oil-bearing Saline 6 Coal seam Oil-bearing 11 Coal seam Coal seam Geologic Province Columbia Basin Illinois Basin Cincinnati Arch, Michigan Basin, Appalachian Basin Keg River, Duperow, Williston Basin Gulf Coast, Mississippi Salt Basin, Central Appalachian, Black Warrior Basin Injection Complete Injection Ongoing 2009 Injection SWP Oil-bearing Coal seam 21 Paradox Basin, Aneth Field, Permian Basin, San Juan Basin 13 Data current as of April Injection (Project moved to Phase III) WESTCARB Saline Sacramento Valley, Colorado Plateau

14 Development Phase (III) Goals Assess Injectivity and Capacity Storage Permanence Areal Extent of Plume and Leakage Pathways Develop Risk Assessment Strategies Best Practices for Industry Engage in Public Outreach and Education Support Regulatory Development 14

9 5 1 8 Core Sampling Taken 4 RCSP Phase III: Development Large-Volume Geologic Field Tests 2 Injection Well Drilled 3 Nine large-volume tests Injections initiated 2009 2011 2009 Injection Scheduled

15 Core Sampling Taken 4 RCSP Phase III: Development Large-Volume Geologic Field Tests 2 Injection Well Drilled 3 Nine large-volume tests Injections initiated Injection Scheduled 2010 Injection Scheduled 2011 Injection Scheduled 6 7 Injection Started Partnership Geologic Province Type Big Sky Triassic Nugget Sandstone / Moxa Arch Saline MGSC Deep Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline MRCSP Shallow Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline PCOR SECARB Williston Basin Carbonates Devonian Age Carbonate Rock Lower Tuscaloosa Formation Massive Sand Unit Oil Bearing Saline Saline SWP Regional Jurassic & Older Formations Saline WESTCARB Central Valley Saline 15

Lessons Learned Captured CCS Best Practice Manuals Phase II Monitoring Verification and Accounting (Issued - Feb 2009) Site characterization (2010) Simulation and Risk Assessment (2010) Well

16 Lessons Learned Captured CCS Best Practice Manuals Phase II Monitoring Verification and Accounting (Issued - Feb 2009) Site characterization (2010) Simulation and Risk Assessment (2010) Well construction and closure (2010) Regulatory Compliance (2010) Public Education (2009) BEST PRACTICES for: Terrestrial Practices (2010) Phase III Updates Updates First Edition Final Guidelines (2020) 16

17 Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) Enhanced Coalbed Methane Test Injection Well with Monitoring Equipment at MGSC ECBM Test Site Drilling CBM wells in central Illinois 17

drilling work at Charlton Field This picture shows the

18 Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Michigan Basin Saline Test Photo taken of drilling work at Charlton Field This picture shows the well actively engaged in injection Michigan Basin Test Site 18

gathered for an Open House at the SECARB Plant Daniel Saline Aquifer Field Test to witness CO 2

19 Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) Saline Reservoir Field Test Mississippi Salt Basin SECARB-Plant Daniel Site Prep, Pipe Delivery, Drill Rig Setup More than 30 participants gathered for an Open House at the SECARB Plant Daniel Saline Aquifer Field Test to witness CO 2 injection operations firsthand on October 15, 2008 Source: SECARB Partnership Monthly Update November

20 Summary CCS has the potential to offset hundreds of years of CO2 emissions in the United States Value added sinks (EOR/ECBM) hold significant potential to help develop infrastructure for CCS Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships are proving CCS throughout most of North America Lessons learned from small and large scale field projects will help commercial deployment of CCS technologies 20

21 Visit Office of Fossil Energy & NETL Websites

Sequestration Program. Carbon Sequestration Program Goals

Sequestration Program. Carbon Sequestration Program Goals Mixed Gas Stream Mostly CO 2 Mostly H 2 CO 2 and other gases Sequestration Program Dawn Deel Project Manager October 2008 Carbon Sequestration Program Goals Deliver technologies & best practices for Carbon