AT&T 2009 International Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Methodology and Process Detail Document 06/09/2010. Overview
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1 AT&T 2009 International Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Methodology and Process Detail Document 06/09/2010 Overview The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the process and activities AT&T used to develop the company s 2009 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory. The following document provides specific detail on the scope, standards, methodologies and results of AT&T s 2009 inventory efforts. 1. Protocol: AT&T used the fundamentals of The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). In addition, we applied the protocol outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Climate Leaders program, which is founded on WRI principles, to select emission sources to determine emissions. 2. Organizational Boundary: AT&T has chosen to utilize the Operational Control approach to consolidate GHG emissions. This approach includes any asset or facility in which AT&T has an operating interest in the inventory. For instance, we included both owned and leased assets in our real estate portfolio and mobile fleet in our inventory. We believe that omitting estimated emissions from leased assets would result in a materially incomplete measurement. AT&T chose to use this approach because it more accurately reflects all operations. However, because there are no uniform and mandatory standards for data acquisition and reporting at this point, it is important to note that AT&T s emissions data cannot accurately be compared to other entities, as their approach might not be comparable to ours. In 2008, AT&T reported on its U.S. based GHG emissions inventory. In addition to U.S. based emissions, the 2009 inventory includes international Scope 1 emissions from ground fleet vehicles, Scope 2 emissions from electric power and Scope 3 emissions from business air travel. 3. Emission Sources: The following sources within AT&T s operating interest were included in the 2009 Inventory: Emission Source o Scope 1 (Direct): 1
2 o o Natural Gas Propane #2 Fuel Oil (Diesel) Ground Fleet Flight Operations Engines (Stationary Generators) Engines (Portable Generators) Refrigerant Scope 2 (Indirect): Purchased Electric Power Purchased Steam Scope 3 (Ancillary Indirect): Business Air Travel Business Rental Car Travel 4. Greenhouse Gases The AT&T 2009 inventory includes CO 2 -equivalents (CO 2 -e) measures of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) methane (CH 4 ) emissions, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). 5. Emission Factors: AT&T has elected to use guidance from the EPA Climate Leaders for emissions calculations. The emission factors for each greenhouse gas (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFC) were taken from guidance documentation and multiplied by the respective global warming potential (GWP) to derive an emission factor in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO 2 -e). Detailed references are listed in Appendix B. 6. AT&T s 2009 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, by Scope: Scope mtons CO2-e % Total 8,973, % Scope 1 1,170, % Scope 2 7,745, % Scope 3 57, % 2
3 0.64% 13.04% AT&T's 2009 GHG Emissions Inventory By Scope Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope % 3
4 7. AT&T s 2009 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, by Source: 2009 GHG Emissions by Source Natural Gas 1.28% Propane 0.15% #2 Fuel Oil (Diesel) 0.10% Ground Fleet 8.01% Flight Operations 0.15% Engine (Stationary Generators) 1.55% Engines (Portable Generator) 0.19% Refrigerant 1.60% Purchased Electric Power 86.15% Purchased Steam 0.17% Business Air Travel 0.50% Business Rental Car Travel 0.15% 4
5 Scope Source Name mtons CO2-e % 1 Natural Gas 114, % 1 Propane 13, % 1 #2 Fuel Oil (Diesel) 9, % 1 Ground Fleet 718, % 1 Flight Operations 13, % 1 Engine (Stationary Generators) 139, % 1 Engines (Portable Generator) 17, % 1 Refrigerant 143, % 2 Purchased Electric Power 7,730, % 2 Purchased Steam 15, % 3 Business Air Travel 44, % 3 Business Rental Car Travel 13, % Grand Total 8,973, % 5
6 8. AT&T s 2009 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, by Gas: Source mt CO2-e CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O GHG Emissions Profile by Gas Type CH % N 2 O 0.68% HFC 1.60% TOTAL 8,973, % 0.05% 0.68% Electric Power 7,730, % 0.05% 0.46% Ground Fleet 718, % 0.14% 3.34% Refrigerant 143, % 0.00% 0.00% Engine 139, % 0.09% 0.25% Natural Gas 114, % 0.04% 0.06% Air Travel 44, % 0.11% 1.32% CO % Portable Generators 17, % 0.09% 0.25% Steam 15, % 0.03% 0.37% Propane 13, % 0.10% 0.29% FlightOps 13, % 0.06% 0.99% Rental Car 13, % 0.19% 3.02% Number 2 Fuel Oil 9, % 0.09% 0.25% 6
7 9. Data Acquisition: The majority of AT&T s emission source data is collected via enterprise data systems. For instance, the vast majority of AT&T utility bills are paid by a third-party bill payment service. This results in consolidated data collection and improved data accuracy because of the specialized and focused service of our vendor/partner. In addition, the vast majority of AT&T s mobile fleet fuel purchases are consolidated into a single fuel purchasing card system, enabling accurate data collection for fuel use. We also used additional data systems, such as real estate portfolio systems, fleet and flight operations management systems, building and emergency engine inventory systems and travel management systems as needed. There were some instances in which data estimations were required. Any estimations or assumptions have been documented in the sections below. As described throughout this document, AT&T has employed methodologies for acquiring data and reporting results that are intended to yield an accurate, detailed and fair representation of AT&T s emissions. AT&T commits to continue to review and refine the data acquisition and reporting methodologies for future reports as appropriate to address further development of industry standards. Source Description and Calculation Methodology A discussion of the emission sources included in AT&T s 2009 inventory is below. Sources are listed in descending order of magnitude and methodology references are available in Appendix B. 1. Electric Power Data Collection: Electric power is used to energize AT&T facilities and equipment. We obtained actual electricity usage information from utility invoices, when available. However, for some facilities in which AT&T operates, no discreet utility bill was available (e.g. a full-service leased facility in which utilities are a component of rent). In these instances, we estimated electricity consumption based on the square footage and type of space. AT&T evaluated the use of the U.S. Energy Information Administration s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) intensity factors to estimate usage. However, because of the greater electricity intensity of some of AT&T s technical spaces (e.g. telephone switching and data center space), we felt strongly that the CBECS estimate understated consumption for our technical spaces. To address this, we chose to develop specific intensity measures for these types of spaces. To develop these AT&T-specific intensities, we performed a comprehensive review of consumption data by facility type and square footage. We are confident that this exercise provides a more accurate representation of the consumption for those facilities at which consumption estimation was required. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K June 2008) and egrid 2007 v1.1 (issued January 2009) to estimate emissions from electricity consumption. For U.S. based facilities where zip code information was available, we utilized the zip codes corresponding egrid 7
8 Subregion emission factors for CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4. If zip code was not known, we utilized state-based emissions factors. In the rare case where state information was not known, we used the standardized national emission factors for the U.S. for each pollutant. For facilities outside of the U.S., AT&T utilized International Energy Agency data as per WRI /WBCSD GHG Protocol guidance (International Energy Agency Data Services, "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2009 Edition)"). A detailed list of the emissions factors for purchased electric power can be found in Appendix C. 2. Ground Fleet Data Collection: AT&T s ground fleet is comprised of an assortment of vehicle types from passenger cars to heavy duty trucks. In the U.S., fuel consumption is gathered via a consolidated fuel purchase card system that allows AT&T to gather all fuel purchases associated with the vehicles in the fleet. Fuel consumption data were used to estimate CO 2 emissions. In addition to the fuel purchase system, AT&T fleet also gathers mileage data via its enterprise fleet management system. Mileage and vehicle type data were used to calculate CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. A small subset of AT&T s fleet is leased for which mileage data is not readily available. For that subset, we applied the ratio of CO 2 -e emissions to CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from the bulk of the fleet to estimate emissions for all pollutants. For international based fleet vehicles, actual activity data were available and utilized for operations in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands. The remainder of AT&T s international fleet was estimated based on average fuel use data from known international fleet operations. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430K May 2008) for emission factors based on fuel type (primarily unleaded and diesel). 3. Refrigerants Data Collection: Refrigerants are used in AT&T s building cooling systems. The most commonly used refrigerant within AT&T s portfolio is R-22, which is not considered a GHG per the WRI GHG Protocol. However, we did identify a subset of cooling systems that use R-134a, which has been identified as a GHG because of its use of HFCs. To estimate the fugitive emissions of HFCs, we analyzed our building inventory systems to estimate the total tonnage of HFCs in use and applied a standard loss rate using guidance from the EPA Climate Leaders program. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430K May 2008) for emission factors based on refrigerant GWP and standard equipment loss rate. 8
9 4. Natural Gas Data Collection: Natural gas is used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs. We collected consumption data for natural gas through utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. We did not estimate potential natural gas usage at leased assets where bills are not paid by AT&T. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K May 2008) to derive emission factors for natural gas. 5. Engines (Stationary and Portable Generators) Data Collection: Engines and stationary generators are used to generate power on an emergency basis at AT&T facilities. These engines are engaged whenever the electricity grid is unavailable or whenever requested as part of a Demand Response program to support grid operations and prevent grid failure. Additionally, monthly maintenance runs occur to ensure each engine is operating properly. These maintenance runs account for the majority of emissions associated with these assets. AT&T also uses engines that power portable generators to support its operations for portable backup power, to power truck-mounted equipment and for outside field use, such as pumping out of manholes. At this time, AT&T does not have centralized fuel consumption data for these assets. In order to estimate the fuel usage that would become the basis of our emissions estimate, we used engine runtime data (actual maintenance runtime data where available, and average runtime estimates by state when not available), in conjunction with engine horsepower capacity, to estimate fuel consumption used during maintenance runs. We also incorporated runtime from emergency use and Demand Response into the fuel consumption estimate. To estimate fuel usage based on engine runtime, AT&T utilized the guidance provided in Appendix 2 of the Risk Management Guidance for the Permitting of New Stationary Diesel-Fueled Engines, developed by the California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K May 2008) to derive emission factors. 6. Business Air Travel Data Collection: Business travel on commercial airline carriers is considered a scope 3 emissions stream. AT&T s travel system captures the mileage flown by AT&T passengers on commercial airline jets. All business air travel, including international flights, was included. 9
10 Emission Factor: Flight legs were categorized into short, medium, long hauls and the specific emission factors for CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4 were applied to each flight leg according to EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-R May 2008) (see below). Table 1. Air Travel Emission Factors 7. Flight Operations Data Collection: AT&T uses corporate jets to transport certain AT&T passengers for business travel and for network support operations in remote areas such as Alaska. The travel data, including flight leg miles flown and fuel consumption, are managed by a specific flight management system. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K May 2008), Table B-2 for CO 2 and Table A-6 for N 2 O, and CH 4 to estimate emissions for Jet Fuel. 8. Purchased Steam Data Collection: Steam is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs. Consumption data for steam was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K June 2008) and the average heat input of saturated steam and standard boiler efficiency to derive emission factors. 9. Business Rental Car Travel 10
11 Data Collection: Business rental car travel via commercial vendors is considered a scope 3 emissions stream. To estimate this emission source, AT&T engaged its primary rental car vendors to gather mileage driven by car class for AT&T passengers. These primary vendors were estimated to represent 90 percent of the total; the remaining balance was extrapolated based on available data. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K , Table B-1) to derive the CO 2 emission factor. In order to calculate N 2 O and CH 4 emissions, vehicle miles were assigned car or light-duty truck classifications, and the appropriate emission factors were applied based on EPA Climate Leaders guidance in EPA430-R , Table 2. Table 1. Ground Fleet CO 2 Emission Factor Table 2. Ground Fleet CH 4 & N 2 O Emission Factors 10. No. 2 Fuel Oil (Diesel) Data Collection: No. 2 Fuel Oil (also called stationary Diesel ) is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs as a stationary fuel. Diesel is also used in engines and ground fleet, but these sources are documented in other sections of this document. Consumption data for Fuel Oil was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. Emission Factor: 11
12 AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K May 2008) to derive emission factors for Fuel Oil. 11. Propane Data Collection: Propane is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs and for on-site fork trucks. In addition, handheld propane is used in the field for operational needs. The bulk of propane usage information was obtained from utility invoices from AT&T s thirdparty bill payment service provider. In addition, propane consumption used for field operations was estimated based on average consumption per technician, based on a sampling of usage data from several locations across the country. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA Climate Leaders guidance (EPA430-K May 2008) to derive emission factors for propane. 12
13 Appendix A: Emission Factor Summary Scope Source CO2 Units CH4 Units N2O Units 1 Natural Gas lbs CO2-e/MMBtu lbs CO2-e/MMBtu lbs CO2-e/MMBtu 1 Propane lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon 1 Number 2 Fuel Oil lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon 1 Engines (Stationary) lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon 1 Portable Generators lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon 1 FlightOps lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon lbs CO2-e/gallon 1 Ground Fleet Due to multiple fuel types, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details. 1 Refrigerant Leakage rate of 15% and 134a GWP of Electric Power See Appendix C for Electric Power Emission Factors 2 Steam lbs CO2-e/lbs steam lbs CO2-e/lbs steam lbs CO2-e/lbs steam 3 Business Air Travel* - lbs CO2-e/unit *.03 g / passenger mile g / passenger mile 3 Business Rental Car Travel** lbs CO2-e/unit - lbs CO2-e/unit - lbs CO2-e/unit *See methodology for CO2 emission factors for Business Air Travel short, medium, and long hauls. **See methodology for N2O and CH4 emission factors for Business Rental Car Travel. 13
14 Appendix B: Summary of Methodology Sources Source Reporting Protocol Source File File Name Page # Table # Link to Document FlightOps EPA Climate Leaders EPA430K May 2008 Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources 27 Table B-2 CO2; Table A-6 N2O & CH4 ocuments/resources/mobilesource_gui dance.pdf GrFleet EPA Climate Leaders EPA430K May 2008 Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion Sources 26 Table B-1 Direct HFC and PFC Emissions from Use of Refrigeration and Refrigerant EPA Climate Leaders EPA430-K Air Conditioning Equipment 11 Table 2 Indirect Emissions from EPA430-K Purchases/Sales of Electricity and EP EPA Climate Leaders June 2008 Steam 11 - Indirect Emissions from EPA430-K Purchases/Sales of Electricity and Steam EPA Climate Leaders June 2008 Steam 12 - Optional Emissions from Business Air EPA430-R Commuting, Business Travel, and Travel EPA Climate Leaders May 2008 Product Transport 7 Table 4 ocuments/resources/mobilesource_gui dance.pdf nts/resources/mfgrfg.pdf nts/resources/indirect_electricity_guid ance.pdf; nts/resources/indirect_electricity_guid ance.pdf nts/resources/commute_travel_produc t.pdf Business Rental Car Travel EPA Climate Leaders EPA430-R May 2008 Optional Emissions from Commuting, Business Travel, and Product Transport 3 Table 1 nts/resources/commute_travel_produc t.pdf 14
15 Source NG LPG Fuel Oil Engine PortGen Reporting Protocol EPA Climate Leaders EPA Climate Leaders EPA Climate Leaders EPA Climate Leaders EPA Climate Leaders Source File EPA430- K May 2008 EPA430- K May 2008 EPA430- K May 2008 EPA430- K May 2008 EPA430- K May 2008 File Name Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources 27 Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources 27 Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources 27 Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources 27 Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources 27 Page # Table # Document Table B- 3; Table A-1 adjusted for fuel type Table B- 3; Table A-1 adjusted for fuel type Table B- 3; Table A-1 adjusted for fuel type Table B- 3; Table A-1 adjusted for fuel type Table B- 3; Table A-1 adjusted for fuel type 15
16 Appendix C: Electric Power Emission Factors 16
17 Map of egrid Subregions per egrid2007 v1.1 17
18 18
19 WRI/ WBCSD GHG Protocol. International Energy Agency Data Services "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2007 Edition)". Country grams CO 2 / kilowatt hour (kwh) Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia-Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Republic of China China Taiwan Colombia Congo 0 Democratic Republic of Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia
20 Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Republic of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya South Korea Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova
21 Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay 0 Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan United Republic of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia
22 Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
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