America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

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1 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

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3 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update Prepared by Paul Zummo, Director, Policy Research and Analysis American Public Power Association PUBLISHED MARCH 2018 The American Public Power Association is the voice of not-for-profit, communityowned utilities that power 2,000 towns and cities nationwide. We represent public power before the federal government to protect the interests of the more than 49 million people that public power utilities serve, and the 93,000 people they employ American Public Power Association Contact MediaRelations@PublicPower.org or

4 2 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

5 Table of Contents Executive Summary... 4 Current Generation Capacity... 5 Future Generating Capacity: Fuel Mix... 8 Development Stages Future Generating Capacity: Regional Mix Future Generating Capacity: Ownership Type Future Generating Capacity: Regional Transmission Organizations Generating Capacity: Retirements and Cancellations Conclusion Appendix 1: Regions America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 3

6 Executive Summary The American Public Power Association presents the twelfth annual report on current and imminent electricity generation capacity in America by types of fuel, location, and ownership type. Currently, America has just under 1.2 million megawatts of generation capacity. The largest fuel source is natural gas, accounting for over 43 percent of all generation capacity. Coal, with a share of just over 23 percent of capacity, is the second largest generation source. Nuclear, hydro, and wind together account for nearly one-quarter of capacity. Solar currently constitutes 2.6 percent of all capacity. This report analyzes prospective generation capacity in four categories under construction, permitted, application pending, and proposed. Over 348,000 MW of new generation capacity is under development in the United States 97,575 MW under construction or permitted, and 250,746 MW proposed or pending application. Most of the capacity currently under construction or permitted to begin construction will be fueled by natural gas. Solar and wind together account for nearly one-third of near-term potential capacity additions. Natural gas, solar, and wind projects account for 92 percent of all capacity under construction, and would bring 44,844 MW online. Regionally, the Southeast currently has the most generation, with 25 percent of the nation s total capacity, however the Western region is slated to add the most generation in the long-term, projecting nearly 94,000 MW of new capacity. This report also provides information on retirements and planned retirements, cancellations, and capacity that has been added over the past eight years. The overall capacity mix continues to change at a gradual place. Few coal plants are slated to come online in future years, with a total of 2,559 MW permitted or under construction, yet the past year saw 11,417 MW of coal-fired capacity proposed. Wind, solar, and other forms of renewable generation continue to be developed. Natural gas continues to be the most popular fuel choice due to costs and efficiency considerations. Please note that all capacity figures in this report represent utility-scale capacity only, and does not include distributed and other small-scale generating capacity. Source: Data analyzed for this report was taken from the ABB Velocity Suite database, accessed February America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

7 SECTION 1 Current Generation Capacity Table 1.1 shows the sources from which electricity is currently generated in America. Current nameplate capacity includes capacity labeled as standby, but not mothballed or out of service. Table Current Electricity Generation Capacity, by Fuel Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 517, % Coal 276, % Nuclear 108, % Hydro 100, % Wind 89, % Solar 30, % Distillate Fuel Oil 23, % Residual Fuel Oil 18, % Wood/Wood Waste Solids 5, % Wood Waste Liquids 4, % Geothermal 3, % Waste 2, % Petroleum Coke 2, % Landfill Gas 2, % Other Gas 2, % Kerosene 1, % Waste Heat 1, % Blast Furnace Gas % Jet Fuel % Biomass Gases % Purchased Steam % Agriculture Byproduct % Other % Biomass Solids % Biomass Liquids % Waste Oil and Other Oil % Biomass Other % Refuse % Propane % Table 1.2 shows how America s current generation capacity is distributed through the various regions defined by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation. United States territories are not included in these regions nor in the data in this report. Table Current Electricity Generation Capacity, by Region Region Capacity (MW) Share SERC 297, % RFC 245, % WECC 235, % ERCOT 114, % NPCC 82, % SPP 79, % MRO 70, % FRCC 63, % ASCC 3, % HCC 3, % Total 1,196, % Regions Defined by NERC (see map in Appendix 1) ASCC: Alaska Systems Coordinating Council (not shown on map) ERCOT: Electric Reliability Council of Texas FRCC: Florida Reliability Coordinating Council HCC: Hawaii Coordinating Council (not shown on map) NPCC: Northeast Power Coordinating Council MRO: Midwest Reliability Organization RFC: Reliability First Corporation SERC: Southeastern Electric Reliability Council SPP: Southwest Power Pool WECC: Western Electricity Coordinating Council Total 1,196, % America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 5

8 Table 1.3 shows that more than 227,000 MW of generation capacity was added between 2008 and Nearly three-quarters of this new capacity is fueled by natural gas or wind, with another 21 percent coming from coal and solar. Table 1.3 Generation Capacity Additions by Fuel Type, Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 93, % Wind 72, % Solar 29, % Coal 18, % Hydro 1, % Wood/Wood Waste Solids 1, % Landfill Gas 1, % Nuclear 1, % Distillate Fuel Oil 1, % Petroleum Coke 1, % Other Gas % Geothermal % Kerosene % Wood Waste Liquids % Waste Heat % Biomass Gases % Waste % Biomass Liquids % Biomass Solids % Blast Furnace Gas % Purchased Steam % Other % Agriculture Byproduct % Refuse % Waste Oil and Other Oil % Biomass Other % Jet Fuel % Propane % Table 1.4 shows that over 24,000 MW of generation capacity began operating in 2017, with natural gas, wind, and solar accounting for nearly 98 percent of the new capacity. Table 1.4 Generation Capacity Additions by Fuel Type, 2017 Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 11, % Wind 6, % Solar 4, % Hydro % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Wood Waste Liquids % Geothermal % Distillate Fuel Oil % Biomass Gases % Landfill Gas % Waste % Biomass Solids % Other % Total 24, % Total 227, % 6 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

9 Figure 1.1 shows the age of traditional forms of generating capacity coal, nuclear, hydro, natural gas, and oil. Most hydro and coal capacity is approximately 40 years old or more, having come online by Almost all domestic nuclear capacity became operational between 1969 and While natural gas capacity dates back to the 1950s, the bulk of natural gas capacity is less than 25 years of age. This chart does not show renewable generation, almost all which came online after the turn of the century. Figure 1.1 Age of Traditional Forms of Electric Generation 400, , , , , , ,000 50,000 Nuclear Hydro Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Natural Gas Coal 0 > present America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 7

10 SECTION 2 Future Generating Capacity: Fuel Mix Tables show the fuel makeup of America s future generation capacity. Table 2.1 shows the sources for the 48,718 MW of generation capacity under construction. Natural gas accounts for two-thirds of the capacity under construction, and wind and solar account for just over a quarter. Table 2.1 Plants Under Construction, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 32, % Wind 8, % Solar 4, % Nuclear 2, % Hydro % Coal % Waste Heat % Agriculture Byproduct % Liquified Natural Gas % Distillate Fuel Oil % Biomass Solids % Biomass Gases % Geothermal % Waste % Not Applicable % Other % Total 48, % Table 2.2 shows the fuel makeup for plants that have received permits to construct 48,858 MW of capacity overall but that have not yet started construction. Natural gas again is the leading resource choice for permitted plants, accounting for nearly 40 percent of the new capacity. Wind is second and accounts for just over a quarter of potential capacity. For nuclear plants, the permitted capacity has more than doubled from the previous year, to over 8,000 MW. Table 2.2 Permitted Plants, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 19, % Wind 12, % Nuclear 8, % Solar 4, % Coal 1, % Hydro 1, % Petroleum Coke % Geothermal % Other % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Other Gas % Residual Fuel Oil % Landfill Gas % Biomass Gases % Distillate Fuel Oil % Total 48, % 8 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

11 Table 2.3 shows the fuel mix for the 62,344 MW of capacity awaiting approval of applications. Natural gas is the leading resource choice, accounting for 47 percent of the capacity, followed by wind, accounting for nearly a quarter of the capacity at this stage. Table 2.3 Plants Pending Application, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 29, % Wind 14, % Solar 7, % Nuclear 7, % Hydro 3, % Geothermal % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Biomass Gases % Waste % Other % Total 62, % Table 2.4 shows the resource mix for the 188,402 MW of capacity still in the planning stage. This is the earliest and most uncertain stage of development, and includes units that are least likely to be built. Wind power accounts for nearly thirty percent of planned capacity, with natural gas, hydro, nuclear, and solar accounting for the bulk of the remaining capacity. The 11,417 MW of proposed coal-fired capacity represents a large jump from the previous year s report, where almost no coalfired capacity was captured at this stage. Table 2.4 Proposed Plants, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Wind 56, % Natural Gas 51, % Solar 33, % Hydro 16, % Nuclear 15, % Coal 11, % Residual Fuel Oil 1, % Geothermal % Other % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Distillate Fuel Oil % Landfill Gas % Biomass Other % Biomass Gases % Wood Waste Liquids % Waste Heat % Biomass Solids % Biomass Liquids % Other Gas % Waste % Jet Fuel % Kerosene % Petroleum Coke % Not Applicable % Total 188, % America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 9

12 Future Generating Capacity: Development Stages Figure 2.1 tracks the major fuel sources in each stage of development. Natural gas is the dominant fuel choice in all but the proposed capacity stage, where wind is the leading source. Figure 2.1 also shows that the resource mix is more balanced in the earlier stages of development. Figure 2.1 Share of Fuel Type: Stage of Development, % Percent Share 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Proposed Pending Permitted Under Application Construction Natural Gas Nuclear Wind Hydro Solar Other 10 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

13 SECTION 3 Future Generating Capacity: Regional Mix Tables show where new plants are being built or planned for construction by North American Electric Reliability Corporation regions (See Appendix 1 for definition of regions and included states). Table 3.1 shows that RFC has more capacity under construction than any other region, while three others have over 5,000 MW of capacity under construction. Table 3.1 Plants Under Construction, by NERC Region Region Capacity (MW) Share RFC 13, % SERC 9, % ERCOT 6, % WECC 5, % NPCC 4, % FRCC 3, % MRO 3, % SPP 1, % HCC % ASCC % Table 3.2 shows that RFC once again has more permitted capacity than any other region. ERCOT, WECC, and SERC have most of the remaining permitted capacity. Table 3.2 Permitted Plants, by NERC Region Region Capacity (MW) Share RFC 15, % ERCOT 9, % WECC 8, % SERC 7, % MRO 2, % SPP 2, % NPCC 1, % FRCC % HCC % ASCC % Total 48, % Total 48, % Regions Defined by NERC (see map in Appendix 1) ASCC: Alaska Systems Coordinating Council (not shown on map) ERCOT: Electric Reliability Council of Texas FRCC: Florida Reliability Coordinating Council HCC: Hawaii Coordinating Council (not shown on map) NPCC: Northeast Power Coordinating Council MRO: Midwest Reliability Organization RFC: Reliability First Corporation SERC: Southeastern Electric Reliability Council SPP: Southwest Power Pool WECC: Western Electricity Coordinating Council America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 11

14 Tables 3.3 and 3.4 show plants in the pending application and proposed categories. ERCOT and WECC account for nearly 60 percent of the capacity in the pending application stage, while WECC accounts for about a third of capacity in the proposed stage. Table 3.3 Plants Pending Application, by Region Region Capacity (MW) Share ERCOT 20, % WECC 17, % RFC 8, % SERC 6, % NPCC 3, % SPP 2, % FRCC 2, % MRO 1, % ASCC % HCC % Total 62, % Table 3.4 Proposed Plants, by Region Region Capacity (MW) Share WECC 62, % RFC 39, % SERC 26, % NPCC 23, % MRO 12, % SPP 9, % ERCOT 9, % FRCC 3, % ASCC % NPCC % HCC % Tables 3.5 and 3.6 show the fuels of choice for proposed capacity by development stage. As seen in Table 3.5, for plants most certain to be built those already under construction or permitted natural gas and wind account for over 74 percent of the capacity, with solar and nuclear contributing nearly all the rest. Table 3.5 Permitted Plants and Plants Under Construction, by Fuel Type Region Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 51, % Wind 20, % Nuclear 10, % Solar 8, % Coal 2, % Hydro 1, % Petroleum Coke % Geothermal % Other % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Waste Heat % Other Gas % Agriculture Byproduct % Liquified Natural Gas % Distillate Fuel Oil % Residual Fuel Oil % Biomass Solids % Biomass Gases % Waste % Landfill Gas % Not Applicable % Total 97, % Grand Total 188, % 12 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

15 Reliability First Corporation (RFC) accounts for approximately 30 percent of the capacity under construction and permitted, with the Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (SERC), WECC, and ERCOT almost evenly dividing another 49 percent. Natural gas is the primary resource in the ERCOT and RFC regions as well as in the Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC) and Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) regions. In each of these regions, natural gas accounts for at least two-thirds of future capacity. Natural gas is also the leading resource in SERC, with just over 41 percent of impending capacity. Nuclear due to the construction of two large facilities accounts for 35 percent of the capacity in this region. Over 53 percent of the solar capacity in the permitted and under construction stages is located in the WECC region. Another 22 percent of solar capacity is located in SERC. As seen in table 3.6, for plants in the more distant future those that are proposed or pending application the fuel mix tends more toward wind and other renewable resources, compared to plants that are scheduled to come online in the near future. There is slightly more impending natural gas than wind capacity. Based on pending and proposed plants, wind is slated to account for twenty percent or more of new capacity in all but the Alaska, Florida, and SERC regions and is the leading resource in four regions. Nearly sixty percent of the proposed or application pending solar capacity is located in WECC, a region that accounts for much of the future renewable capacity. Other forms of renewable energy, particularly wood, waste, and waste heat, are more dispersed through the various regions. Table 3.6 Plants Pending Application and Proposed, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Natural Gas 80, % Wind 70, % Solar 41, % Nuclear 23, % Hydro 20, % Coal 11, % Residual Fuel Oil 1, % Geothermal % Other % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Distillate Fuel Oil % Landfill Gas % Biomass Other % Biomass Gases % Wood Waste Liquids % Waste Heat % Biomass Solids % Biomass Liquids % Waste % Other Gas % Jet Fuel % Kerosene % Petroleum Coke % Total 250, % America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 13

16 SECTION 4 Future Generating Capacity: Ownership Type Analysis of future generation capacity by ownership is summarized in Tables Non-utility generators account for most of the capacity in all four categories. Table 4.1 Plants Under Construction, by Ownership Utility Type Capacity (MW) Share Non-utility Generators 35, % Investor-Owned 7, % Public Power 3, % Co-Op 1, % Federal 1, % Total 48, % Table 4.2 Permitted Plants, by Ownership Utility Type Capacity (MW) Share Non-utility Generators 38, % Investor-Owned 7, % Co-Op 1, % Public Power 1, % Federal % Table 4.3 Plants Pending Application, by Ownership Type Ownership Capacity (MW) Share Non-utility Generators 52, % Federal 3, % Investor-Owned 2, % Co-Op 2, % Public Power 1, % Total 62, % Table 4.4 Proposed Plants, by Ownership Type Ownership Capacity (MW) Share Non-utility Generators 151, % Investor-Owned 15, % Public Power 14, % Federal 5, % Co-Op 1, % Total 188, % Total 48, % 14 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

17 SECTION 5 Future Generating Capacity: Regional Transmission Organizations Tables show future generating capacity by regional transmission organization (RTO) region. A significant plurality of the proposed capacity is slated to be constructed in non-rto regions. At more advanced stages, roughly one-quarter of the new capacity is being developed in non-rto regions, while much of the capacity within RTO regions that is under construction or permitted is in ERCOT and PJM. Table 5.1 Plants Under Construction, by RTO RTO Region Capacity (MW) Share PJM ISO 14, % Non-RTO 13, % ERCOT ISO 6, % Midcontinent ISO 5, % New England ISO 2, % SPP 2, % California ISO 1, % New York ISO 1, % Total 48, % Table 5.2 Permitted Plants, by RTO RTO Region Capacity (MW) Share PJM ISO 15, % Non-RTO 11, % ERCOT ISO 9, % Midcontinent ISO 5, % SPP 2, % California ISO 2, % New England ISO 1, % New York ISO % Table 5.3 Plants Pending Application, by RTO Region RTO Capacity (MW) Share ERCOT ISO 21, % Non-RTO 13, % California ISO 9, % PJM ISO 6, % Midcontinent ISO 4, % New York ISO 2, % SPP 2, % New England ISO % Total 62, % Table 5.4 Proposed Plants, by RTO Region RTO Capacity (MW) Share Non-RTO 75, % PJM ISO 37, % Midcontinent ISO 18, % New York ISO 14, % SPP 14, % California ISO 10, % New England ISO 8, % ERCOT ISO 8, % Total 188, % Total 48, % America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 15

18 SECTION 6 Generating Capacity: Retirements and Cancellations Tables 6.1 and 6.2 show generation capacity retirements by fuel type between 2008 and 2017, when 129,087 MW of capacity was retired. Over 80 percent of this retired capacity was natural gas or coal, and 10 percent was oil. More than 80 percent of the retired natural gas capacity used steam turbines. Table 6.1 Retired Plants by Fuel Type, Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Coal 61, % Natural Gas 44, % Residual Fuel Oil 7, % Distillate Fuel Oil 5, % Nuclear 5, % Hydro 1, % Wind % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Wood Waste Liquids % Kerosene % Petroleum Coke % Landfill Gas % Geothermal % Other Gas % Blast Furnace Gas % Waste % Other % Waste Oil and Other Oil % Purchased Steam % Solar % Agriculture Byproduct % Biomass Gases % Jet Fuel % Biomass Liquids % Biomass Solids % Nearly 14,000 MW of capacity was retired in 2017, of which coal and natural gas accounted for over 90 percent of the retired capacity. Table 6.2 Retired Plants by Fuel Type, 2017 Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Coal 6, % Natural Gas 5, % Residual Fuel Oil % Distillate Fuel Oil % Geothermal % Hydro % Wind % Landfill Gas % Wood Waste Liquids % Biomass Gases % Waste % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Other % Total 13, % Total 129, % 16 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

19 Figure 6.1 shows the age of plants retired between , by the year in which the plant began operating, for the four most commonly retired plant types. The overwhelming majority came online between , meaning that the plants were generally 50 years old or more. Figure 6.1 Age of Retired Capacity, ,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 Nuclear Oil Natural Gas Coal 10,000 5,000 0 > present America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 17

20 Approximately 46,500 MW of current operating capacity is scheduled to retire by 2022, over half of which is coal. Almost all planned natural gas retirements are powered by steam or gas combustion turbines. Table 6.3 reflects planned retirements that have been publicly announced. Table 6.3 Planned Retirements to 2022, by Fuel Type Primary Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Share Coal 23, % Natural Gas 13, % Nuclear 7, % Hydro % Distillate Fuel Oil % Residual Fuel Oil % Petroleum Coke % Kerosene % Wind % Wood Waste Liquids % Waste % Landfill Gas % Biomass Gases % Solar % Other % Jet Fuel % Over 66,000 MW of planned capacity additions were canceled in 2017, which is 32,000 MW more than the capacity added to the grid in Table 6.4 Plant Cancellations, 2017 Row Labels Capacity (MW) Share Wind 20, % Natural Gas 13, % Solar 10, % Nuclear 8, % Hydro 5, % Other 2, % Coal 1, % Wood/Wood Waste Solids % Waste % Blast Furnace Gas % Geothermal % Biomass Solids % Jet Fuel % Other Gas % Landfill Gas % Distillate Fuel Oil % Agriculture Byproduct % Biomass Gases % Total 66, % Total 46, % 18 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

21 Since 2008, over 522,000 MW of planned capacity additions were ultimately canceled, well above the capacity that was added. Wind represents 27 percent of this canceled capacity. Nearly equal shares of coal, natural gas, hydro, and solar were also canceled during this time. Table 6.5 Plant Cancellations, Row Labels Capacity (MW) Share Wind 140, % Natural Gas 94, % Solar 89, % Hydro 76, % Coal 65, % Nuclear 32, % Petroleum Coke 5, % Wood/Wood Waste Solids 4, % Other 3, % Geothermal 3, % Waste 1, % Biomass Solids 1, % Other Gas % Blast Furnace Gas % Landfill Gas % Biomass Gases % Distillate Fuel Oil % Agriculture Byproduct % Waste Heat % Biomass Liquids % Jet Fuel % Kerosene % Wood Waste Liquids % Residual Fuel Oil % Total 522, % America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 19

22 Figure 6.2 shows additions, cancellations, and retirements from 2008 to Cancellations barely exceeded additions for natural gas. For all other resources, far more capacity was canceled than was added. Figure 6.2 Additions, Cancellations, and Retirements, , , ,000 MWs 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Natural Wind Coal Solar Hydro Other Gas Additions Cancellations Retirements Figure 6.3 shows additions and retirements from 2008 to 2017 as well as planned retirements to Most of the planned retirements in the other category are nuclear retirements. Figure 6.3 Additions and Retirements, , plus Planned Retirements to ,000 80,000 70,000 MWs 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Additions Retirements Planned Retirements 0 Natural Wind Coal Solar Hydro Other Gas 20 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

23 Figure 6.4 shows additions and cancellations by utility type. Non-utility generators accounted for just under 63 percent of the capacity additions, and nearly 85 percent of cancellations from Figure 6.4 Percent share of additions and cancellations by utility type, % 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Coop IOU Public Power Federal Non-Utilty Additons Cancellations America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 21

24 Conclusion This report demonstrates the continued trend of natural gas being chosen as the predominant fuel for new utility-scale capacity developed in the United States. Though wind and solar have climbed steadily in recent years, they both continue to trail natural gas in the amount of capacity additions, as well as for plants under construction or nearing construction. Though there may be unexpected shifts in legislative and regulatory attitudes, not to mention fuel prices, the outlook for electric generating capacity remains remarkably consistent. A supply mix dominated by natural gas, paired with an increasing share of solar and wind, should be expected for some time to come. Despite the halting or cancellations of several proposed nuclear projects, several other nuclear projects remain online, and other permitted projects will add to nuclear capacity in the future. There continues to be a dearth of new coal capacity, though there is a significant increase in the amount of proposed new coal capacity compared to last year s report. While almost no coal capacity was listed in the proposed capacity a year ago, over 11,000 MW of new coal capacity was proposed in Keeping in mind that proposed plants are the least likely to be built, it will be worth keeping an eye on this capacity to see if there has been a sudden shift in the view of coal as a resource for electric generation in the future. 22 America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update

25 Appendix 1: Regions This report uses regions defined by the North American Electric Reliability Council: ASCC - Alaska Systems Coordinating Council (not shown on map) FRCC Florida Reliability Coordinating Council HCC Hawaii Coordinating Council (not shown on map) NPCC - Northeast Power Coordinating Council MRO Midwest Reliability Organization RFC Reliability First Corporation SERC - Southeastern Electric Reliability Council SPP Southwest Power Pool TRE Texas Reliability Entity* WECC - Western Electricity Coordinating Council * The Independent System Operator that operates the electric grid for nearly all of the state of Texas is the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), and is the name used for this region in the report. The Texas Reliability Entity (TRE) monitors and enforces compliance with reliability standards for NERC. America s Electricity Generation Capacity 2018 Update 23

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