Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic Digester System Planning

Transcription

1 Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic Digester System Planning The 2013 Forum on Anaerobic Digester Production of Energy: New Opportunities for Projects in Michigan November 26, 2013 Steven I. Safferman, Ph.D., P.E

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3 Primary Participants Ed Bissell 3, Justin Booth 3, Younsuk Dong 1, Louis Faivor 1, Tania Howard 6, Bill Kundson 5, Joel Lenz 3, Wei Liao 1, Yan Susie Liu 1, Steve Miller 1, Greg Mulder 4, David Ronk 7,Christopher Saffron 1, Jason Schneemann 2, Jason Smith 1, James Szymusiak 7, Michael Thomas 8, David Wall 1, 1 Michigan State University (MSU), Department of Biosystems Engineering 2 MSU Chemical Engineering 3 MSU RS&GIS 4 Coffman Electrical Equipment 5 MSU Product Center 6 State of Michigan DELEG Bureau of Energy Systems 7 Consumers Energy 8 MSU School of Planning, Design, and Construction

4 Contents Evolution of Waste Management Waste as a Resource Anaerobic Digestion Waste to Resource Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool Step 1. Set objectives Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment Step 7: Nutritional value Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential Cost and Design Data Further Information

5 Evolution of Waste Management From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000

6 Evolution of Waste Management

7 Evolution of Waste Management From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000

8 Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource Environmental Benefits Nutrient Management Pathogen Reduction Nuisance Avoidance Greenhouse Gas Reduction Renewable Energy Landfill Alternative Biogas Bioproducts CH 4 (50 60%) CO 2 (40 50%) Other? (Trace) Fiber Water Nutrients Heat Electricity Natural Gas Flare

9 Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource Stable Operation, No Amendments

10 Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource Kestutis Navickas Bioplin Tehnologija in Okolje,

11 Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic Digester System Planning Relative US population 1 : 8 th largest Split between rural/urban 2 : 19%/81% (75% of land mass) Percent of population with sewers 3 : 60% Milk production 4 : 8 th in nation Food processing 5 : 1,841 licensed food processors, generates $25 billion annually Global climate 7 : climate is moderating Water resources 6 : 84% in N. America provided by Great Lakes 1 US Census: 2State of MI, Michigan Rural Health, Profile: A Report on the Health Trends and Resources of Rural Michigan MI Department of Community Health, 3 Michigan in Brief Water Quality, Glossary, 4 MI Farm Bureau, A Look at Michigan Agriculture, 5 State of MI, Michigan s Food & Agriculture Industry, _2_404589_7.pdf). 6 US EPA, Great Lakes, Basic Informationhttp:// 7US EPA, Climate Change, Midwest,

12 Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool ADDIT

13 Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters ADDIT Steps Step 1: Set objectives Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment Step 7: Nutritional value Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential

14 1. Set Objectives 2. Evaluate Site Resource production Byproduct utilization Environmental protection Nuisance avoidance Combination Screen Site Yes/No Criteria

15 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential Michigan Waste Biomass Inventory

16 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

17 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

18 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

19 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

20 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

21 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

22 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

23 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential Technical Appendix

24 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

25 3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

26 Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters ADDIT Steps Step 1: Set objectives Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment Step 7: Nutritional value Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential

27 4. Qualitative Evaluation Tiered, Weighted Decision Support Matrix Electrical infrastructure and interconnection: line, 3 phase, and substation adequacy Projected project cost Financial arrangements including business plan and byproduct utilization Feedstock availability, consistency and cleanliness Feedstock and residual transportation Site environmental considerations Site socioeconomic considerations

28 5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment Data Entry

29 5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment Default Tables

30 5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment Available from multiple sources of biomass Transportation Heat

31 6. Preliminary Costs/Benefits Assessment Capital Anaerobic digestion Generator Interconnection Financing Operation and maintenance Revenue Heat Renewable energy certificates Carbon credits Digestate Nutrient management (increasing number of animals) Tipping fees Others Estimated, approximated value of electricity

32 7. Nutritional Value BLEND C:N:P 100/4.3/0.9* *Bouallagui, H., O. Haouari, Y. Touhami, R. Ben Cheikh, L. Marouani, and M. Hamdi Effect of Temperature on the Performance of an Anaerobic Tubular Reactor Treating Fruit and Vegetable Waste. Process Biochemistry 39(12): Balance COD (soluble) Ammonia Metals ph Alkalinity C/N/P Toxicity Micro Nutrient K 2 HPO 4 NH 4 Cl CaCl 2 2H 2 O MgCl 2 6H 2 O FeCl 2 4H 2 O MnCl 2 4H 2 O H 3 BO 3 ZnCl 2 CuCl 2 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2O CoCl 2 6H 2 O NiCl 2 6H 2 O Na 2 SeO NaHCO 3

33 8. Verification of Theoretical Biogas Potential Collect samples and verify energy production is close to that predicted

34 Cost and Design Data Green Meadow Farm Anaerobic Digesters ADREC High-Bay MSU Field Demonstration and Research Anaerobic Digestion/Algal Cultivation System

35 Further Information

36 Steven Safferman