TRIGENERATION MARKET PERSPECTIVES

Transcription

1 European Seminar on Trigeneration February 22nd, 2008, Milan, Italy TRIGENERATION MARKET PERSPECTIVES Joan Carles Bruno CREVER Universitat Rovira i Virgili Mechanical Engineering Dept. CREVER - Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona (Spain)

2 1 Trigeneration concept

3 2 Integration of cooling technologies into CHP systems 430ºC 315ºC 180ºC 85ºC

4 3 Energy demand in buildings Highly variable energy demands in comparison with industrial applications. Example of energy consumption in a hotel in Tarragona 1600,0 1600,0 Potencia Elèctrica Horaria mitjana (kw) 1400,0 1200,0 1000,0 800,0 600,0 400,0 200,0 GENER FEBRER MARÇ ABRIL MAIG JUNY JULIOL AGOST SETEMBRE OCTUBRE NOVEMBRE DESEMBRE Potencia Elèctrica Horaria Mitjana (kw) 1400,0 1200,0 1000,0 800,0 600,0 400,0 200,0 0, Hora 0, Hores Average hourly power consumption in kw per month Load duration curve for the power consumption

5 4 Integration into DHC networks Example of the ParcBit DHC network (Mallorca) CAMELIA Project

6 5 Present situation for small scale trigeneration systems (I) Energy efficiency Grid Efficiency = 30% Conventional system 237 kw 180 kw 57 kw 17 kw 54 kw electricity Chiller COP = kw cooling MT Efficiency = 27% Capstone C60 Micro gas turbine + Single effect Absorption chiller 222 kw 222 kw Absorption Parasitic = 6kW 86 kw 60 kw Absorption COP = kw electricity 60 kw cooling

7 5 Present situation for small scale trigeneration systems (II) HEGEL PROJECT MGT C65 + 2x HOT OIL DRIVEN ROBUR

8 Exhaust Gas 280 o C 536 o F 6 Direct use of exhaust gases (I) Double Effect Absorption Chiller, Elliot/Yazaki Low-Temp. Generator H 2 O (Vapor) Exhaust-Heated Generator H 2 O (Vapor) Burner Condenser 38.5 o C o F Cooling Water Outlet (to Cooling Tower) Gas-Fired Generator Strong Lithium Bromide Solution H 2 O (Vapor) H 2 O (Liquid) 7.0 o C 44.6 o F Pump Chilled Water Outlet (to Facility) Solution Pump 12.5 o C 54.5 o F Chilled Water Inlet (from Facility) Weak Lithium Bromide Solution Absorber Evaporator 32.0 o C 89.6 o F Cooling Water Inlet (from Cooling Tower) Dual Fired System (Burner) 140 kw of cooling capacity COP = 1.04

9 6 Direct use of exhaust gases (II) BROAD Exhaust gas used as post-combustion air

10 7 Optimal integration of CHP engines and chillers Single/Double effect chillers Simultaneous use of flue gas andcoolingwaterfrom CHP engines Plura, S., Kren, C., Schweigler, C.: System Concept for Efficient and Flexible Tri-Generation. International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, June 22-24, 2005; Denver, Co, USA.

11 8 New technologies for small capacity trigeneration CHP Chillers Reciprocating engines (DACHS) Stirling engines (Solo) ORC (Enginion) Micro gas turbines (Capstone) Fuel Cells (Ansaldo) Water/LiBr Chillers (Rotartica) Ammonia/Water chillers (Chilli) Adsorption chillers (Sortech) Thermochemical heat pumps (LiCl/water)

12 9 New applications for trigeneration (I) TRIGENERATION SYSTEM IN A MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT Conventional situation Trigeneration system Flare Absorp. Chiller Natural Gas Biogas Boiler Biogas Air Cooling Biogas pretreatment Air cooling Exhaust recuperator MGTs MGTs MGTs Digesters Heating Digesters NG Boiler Heating

13 9 New applications for trigeneration (II) PRODUCTION OF DESALTED WATER WITH THE POTENCIAL CAPACITY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY, HEAT AND COOLING OSMOSOL PROJECT Spanish Ministry for Education and Science (OSMOSOL project ENE C03-03)

14 10 - Conclusions An increasing research and development effort is made to improve the integration of CHP and sorption chillers: exhaust gases, combined use of engines cooling and gases, new SE/DE configurations, etc. New commercialised or ready to market technologies are now available with a higher efficiency for small capacity trigeneration systems. New trigeneration applications are being explored that can expand the market for trigeneration. There is an important lack of field data on the real operation of small capacity trigeneration systems.