LANDSCAPING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Transcription

1 LANDSCAPING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

2 Landscaping for Energy Efficiency Presented by: Jim Mihan, ASLA, LLA Owner, Beck and Baird Landscape Architecture 22 years as a licensed Landscape Architect Worked in all aspects of profession from design build to multi-disiplinary American Society of Landscape Architecture from local to national level Developed projects in all pertainable sustainability standards including LEED (USGBC) Living Building Challenge SITES (ASLA)

3 What is the Goal Here? 3

4 Outdoor water use estimated to be 29 billion gallons per day.* Estimated that 30% is for landscape (60% in dry climates). 50% of that is wasted* 50/50 chance that Lake Mead will be dry by 2021!** *EPA WaterSense ** Water Efficiency magazine August

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6 Strained Resources and Inefficient Use Between 1950 and 2000, U.S. population nearly doubled while the demand on public supply systems more than tripled Increased demand depletes aquifers across the nation at rates exceeding recharge: Drinking water and wastewater utilities will likely need to invest between $485 billion and $1.2 trillion by 2019 in order to update aging infrastructure and keep pace with demand Idaho is ranked #1 in water use per person at 168 gallons a day (2010) National average is 100 gallons per day per person 6

7 Regional Water Impacts 37% 41% 46% 114% Domestic Water Use (Gal/day/person) Domestic Water Use in Gallons per Day per Person and Projected Percent Population Change by % 56% 109% 16% 6% 35% 15% -6% 6% 6% 60% 9% 13% 28% 1% 15% 21% 7% 15% 8% 9% 8% 12% 30% 10% 13% 2% -5% 52% 28% 47% NH 33% VT 17% 4% 39% 79% 3% 11% MA 20% RI 10% CT 8% NJ 16% DE 29% MD 33% 7

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10 What is Driving Green Development Unprecedented level new information and sustainable initiatives (USGBC, LEED, SITES, LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE) Heightened residential demand Improvements in Sustainable Materials and their availability Reduce our Carbon Foot Print & Energy Usage Long term Cost savings Source: FMI s 2008 US Construction Overview 10

11 Principles Sustainability (These are the BMP s outlined by IA) Design Innovation Site Assessment & context (pre-design) Stormwater & Irrigation Design Soil & Vegetation Design Material Selection Human Health & Well Being Operations & Maintenance New Technology and Resources Plant Materials Water Efficiency (Applied and Use) Paving types Shade devices Proven and Innovative Construction Methods Sound Monitoring, Maintenance, and Management Practices 11

12 Professionals & Process Historically linear Client project vision Architects/Landscape Architects building and site design Suppliers-information and product resource Contractors construction and coordination Maintenance Crews - maintain and monitor The key to success of sustainable projects and increasing efficiencies of all types is an interactive design process from site selection thru operations 12

13 Green Roofs

14 Design isn t enough

15 Rain Harvesting & Gardens

16 Shading & Active Solar

17 Stormwater

18 Autumn Trails, Moline, IL 2006 Cost per sf PICP Concrete Asphalt $10.95 No storm sewers $15.00 With storm sewers $11.50 With storm sewers

19 How far can we go Net Zero

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21 Sustainability Standards LEED (USGBC): vision is a sustainable built environment within a generation. Living Building Challenge: Most advanced measure of sustainability SITES (ASLA/USGBC): Sustainable Sites Initiative sustainability focused framework focused on site and ecosystem design 21

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24 LEED Background The LEED Green Building Rating System feature-oriented rating system awards buildings points for satisfying specified green building criteria in six major environmental categories Sustainable Sites - 14 Points Water Efficiency- 5 Points Energy and Atmosphere- 17 Points Materials and Resources- 13 Points Indoor Environmental Quality- 15 Points Innovation and Design- 5 Points Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum levels of LEED awarded based on the total number of points earned within each LEED category 24

25 B.O.R. Burley field office 25

26 Efficient Water Use 26

27 Irrigation Savings

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31 OVERVIEW RATIONALE USGBC LEED CONCLUSION Additional Construction Costs for LEED-certified buildings Average for offices and schools, based on 40 buildings Conventional Building Cost (100%) Additional Cost PLATINUM (2 buildings) 6.8% GOLD (9 buildings) 2.2% SILVER (21 buildings) 1.9% CERTIFIED (8 buildings) Test.66%

32 immediate &measurable Test

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34 Increased productivity_5

35 Sustainable Sites 14 Possible Points Prereq 1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Required Credit 1 Site Selection 1 Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity 1 Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1 Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 1 Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 1 Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 1 Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat 1 Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space 1 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control 1 Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control 1 Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 1 Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof 1 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1

36 Site Selection

37 5 Points Possible INTENT: Limit or eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site, for landscape irrigation.

38 Water Efficiency (WE) 5 Possible Points Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1 Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1 Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1 Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 1 Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 1

39 LEED- Water Efficiency (WE) Credit LEED Requirements WE Credit 1.1: Use high efficiency irrigation technology, OR, use captured rain or recycled site water to reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% over conventional means. (1 point) WE Credit 1.2: Use only captured rain or recycled site water for an additional 50% reduction (100% total reduction) of potable water for site irrigation needs, OR, do not install permanent landscape irrigation systems. (1 point) determine the evapotranspiration rate (ET0) for July for your project site. The values for ET0 in various regions throughout the U.S. can be found from regional weather data centers. The ET0 for July is used in the LEED calculation because this is typically the month with the greatest evapotranspiration effects and therefore the greatest irrigation demands. Input the regional ET0 for July in the Evapotranspiration.

40 WE Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50% 1 Point Intent Limit or eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site, for landscape irrigation. Requirements Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% from a calculated mid-summer baseline case. Reductions shall be attributed to any combination of the following items: Plant species factor Irrigation efficiency Use of captured rainwater Use of recycled wastewater Use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for non-potable uses Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate plant material and design the landscape with native or adapted plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Where irrigation is required, use high-efficiency equipment and/or climate-based controllers.

41 WE Credit 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation 1 Point in addition to WE Credit 1.1 Intent Eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site, for landscape irrigation. Requirements Achieve WE Credit 1.1.and: Use only captured rainwater, recycled wastewater, recycled greywater, or water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for non-potable uses for irrigation. OR Install landscaping that does not require permanent irrigation systems. Temporary irrigation systems used for plant establishment are allowed only if removed within one year of installation. Potential Technologies & Strategies Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types and design the landscape with indigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Consider using stormwater, greywater, and/or condensate water for irrigation.

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43 WE Credit 1.1 Example Approach Design with climate-tolerant plants that can survive on natural rainfall after establisment. Contour land to direct rainwater Minimize turf Use techniques such as mulching, composting, and alternative mowing to maintain plant health Design principles Reduce heat island effect-provide shade Plan water use zones High- regular watering Moderate- occasional watering Low- natural rainfall Practical Turf Areas Soil Analysis and preparation Appropriate use of plant materials Effective and Efficient Watering Practices Use of mulch on trees, shrubs and flowerbeds

44 Technologies Rainwater capture and/or advanced wastewater treatment where allowed. High efficient Irrigation systems, moisture sensors, rain shut off devices, weather based ET irrigation Controllers. Efficient Drip Systems (maintenance) High Efficiency sprinkler systems (maintenance) Water Wise Plants Water Wise Design

45 Design Case vs. Baseline Case Create a design case (efficient system) Create a baseline case (traditional inefficient practices) for landscape and irrigation.

46 Calculations Standard Assumptions and Variables All Calculations are based on irrigation during July The Landscape Coefficient (KL) Water Losses via evapotransporation determined by species, density and micro-climate The Species Factor(ks) The Density Factor(kd) Microclimate Factor(kmc) K = k x k x k L s d mc

47 Step 1: Create Design Case Calculate the project-specific ET (ETL) for each landscape area ET (in) = ET x K L o L Determine if applicable the Controller Efficiency (CE) See Hunter Controller Efficiency Calculator Determine, if applicable, the volume of water (re-use or captured rain water) available in July Grey Water should be modeled to predict volumes generated on a monthly basis. Determine the Total Water Applied (TWA) and Total Potable Water Applied Design Case TWA (gal) = Area ((SF) x ET (in) /IE )) x CE x gal/sf/in

48 Step 2- Create Baseline Case Calculate the project-specific ET (ETL) for each landscape area ET (in) = ET x K L o L Determine if applicable the Controller Efficiency (CE) See Hunter Controller Efficiency Calculator Determine, if applicable, the volume of water (re-use or captured rain water) available in July Grey Water should be modeled to predict volumes generated on a monthly basis. Determine the Total Water Applied (TWA) and Total Potable Water Applied Baseline Case TWA (gal) = (Area (SF) x ET (in) /IE )) x gal/sf/in

49 Step 3 Calculate Percent Reduction in Total Irrigation Water Used (Potable and Reuse) AND Percent Reduction of Potable Water Used Calculate the percent reduction potable water used Percent Reduction of Potable Water (%) = (1-Design TPWA/ Baseline TWA) x 100 If the percent reduction is equal to or greater than 50% WE Credit 1.1 is earned If the percent of reduction of Potable water is 100%, calculate the Percent Reduction of Total Water (Potable + ReUse) Percent Reduction of Total Water (%) = (1-Design TWA/ Baseline TWA) x 100

50 Submitted Documentation

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52 Think its too hard to bring sustainable design ideas to a project? Four simple things you can do without sacrificing budget, schedule, or program considerations: 1. Select and develop sites to promote livable communities. 2. Develop flexible designs to enhance building longevity. 3. Use natural strategies to protect and restore water resources. 4. Reduce environmental impacts related to energy use.

53 Here are four more ideas Conserve water and consider water reuse systems. 6. Use environmentally preferable building materials. 7. Use appropriate plant material. 8. Plan for recycling during construction, demolition, and occupancy.

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55 LEED Sustainable Sites Initiative New Guidelines Coming Current LEED standards certify green buildings and sustainable structures. However, no official guidelines from the U.S. Green Building Council focus exclusively on site exteriors. The American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) is spearheading an effort to set this oversight straight. Called the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SSI), this new rating system will recognize performance in achieving sustainable sites much as LEED recognizes sustainable buildings. SSI guidelines will be incorporated into the next iteration of LEED standards. Once the SSI guidelines are published in spring 2009, general contractors, landscape architects, developers, builders, and maintenance crews who are prepared to take advantage of them stand to see interest in obtaining their services rising. Key Elements water use, habitat protection and reduced light pollution, can demonstrate to clients and other contractors an understanding of sustainable building practices green roof is insulating, bringing down heating and cooling costs. And the plants on a green roof protect it from harmful UV rays, prolonging the life of the roof and decreasing future maintenance costs. selecting native plants and placing them to properly reduce heat islands and wind effects does not take away from the appearance of a site at all. other steps you can take today to green your sites and plans is available from the Sustainable Sites Initiative and the U.S. Green Building Council. By Jo Ann Jarreau, ASLA, LEED AP President, Jarreau Inc., Houston, Texas Texas Contractor Source: Associated Construction Publications

56 LEED: What it means for the Site UNLA January 2009

57 Design Innovation

58 Design Innovation LEED GOLD CERTIFIED ESCALANTE SCIENCE CENTER, Escalante, UT

59 Water Efficiency & Energy Performance Captured waste water from evaporative cooling system 66,600 gal/year req d, 62,000 gal/year captured Only 4,600 required from municipal system Beat energy code by 48% Evaporative Cooling Lighting Controls Building Envelope 11% of electrical load met with photovoltaic array ESCALANTE SCIENCE CENTER LEED: What it means for the Site UNLA January 2009

60 University of Texas El Paso

61 Domenici Courthouse

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63 Resources greensourcemag.com liveroof.com waterefficiency.net

64 Cost Studies The Cost of Green Revisited: Reexamining the Feasibility and Cost Impact of Sustainable Design in the Light of Increased Market Adoption, Lisa Matthiessen, Peter Morris, Davis Langdon, This update to the previous report ( Costing Green: A Comprehensive Cost Database and Budgeting Methodology ) revisits the question of cost of green construction. The report updates original building cost comparisons and examines both a larger sampling of buildings and additional building types. The report concludes that projects continue to achieve LEED standards within their established budgets, despite the recent dramatic rise in overall construction costs. The Cost & Benefit of Achieving Green Buildings, Davis Langdon, This report assesses the cost of achieving specific levels of green (using the Australian Green Star system) by comparing the budgets of green buildings to similar non-green buildings and concludes that there is a 3% to 5% premium for a 5-Star building, with an additional 5% for a 6-Star building. The report notes that standards in the country have been set so that reaching 4 Stars is usually easily achievable. Sustainability Offices, Simon Rawlinson, Davis Langdon, This is a cost study of an office building designed to meet a BREEAM Excellent rating. The report concludes that a 6% premium is due to sustainable design features for the building. A Business Case for Green Buildings in Canada, prepared for Industry Canada, This report focuses on initial and long-term financial implications of building green in Canada. It concludes that green buildings have a higher first cost, due to longer design times and use of nonstandard materials or systems, but that longterm cost benefits (money saved on energy, water, and so on) outweigh this first-cost premium.

65 Energy Efficient Landscape Design Guidelines to ensure some degree of energy conservation:. Good site selection and building placement Design to consider tree placement for shade and wind Designate planting zones according to watering needs Consider material selection for long term operation & maintenance Use fertilized, quality soil with good drainage Protect soil with mulch, rock or ground-covering plants Install drip irrigation where possible for maximum water efficiency Choose regionally appropriate plants that require little water Isolate water-intensive plants from sun and wind Water audits every 5 years to maximize irrigation efficiency

66 The difference between catastrophe and hope is E d u c a t i o n