Ecology/trophic interactions/cycles Formative Quiz

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. The picture below shows an energy pyramid. 2. The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain. Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the. kelp to have less food.. crabs to have more food.. sea ducks to have less food.. arctic foxes to have more food. What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?. The foxes will eat more wolves.. The foxes will eat fewer wolves.. There will be more foxes and wolves.. There will be fewer foxes and wolves. page 1

2 3. Which model correctly shows energy flow in a food chain? 4. marine food web is shown below..... Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?.... page 2

3 5. The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community. 6. The diagram below shows a simple food web. Which statement best describes the flow of energy as it passes through the organisms in the pyramid?. Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and increases at each level.. Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and decreases at each level.. Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and increases at each level. Which animal is classified as an omnivore?. red fox. deer. black bear. rabbit. Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and decreases at each level. page 3

4 7. The table below contains information about animal diets. Which energy pyramid best represents the data in the table? 8. Examining Simple ommunities group of organisms that interact with and depend upon one another is called a community. The movement of matter and energy through a community can be studied by examining its food web. s organisms eat other organisms, energy and nutrients pass through various feeding levels. These feeding levels are called trophic levels. The following is a diagram of the energy and nutrient flow through a simple community... ccording to the diagram, nutrients from dead organisms are released into the soil by the action of.. producers. first order consumers. third order consumers.. decomposers. page 4

5 9. Use the food web below to answer the following question. 11. The diagram below shows an energy pyramid. Which group is not represented in the food web?. producers. primary consumers. secondary consumers pproximately how much energy is available to the secondary consumers in this energy pyramid?. 10 kcal/m 2 /year. 100 kcal/m 2 /year. 1,000 kcal/m 2 /year. 5,000 kcal/m 2 /year. decomposers 10. Use the diagram below to answer the following question. If the organisms in this food chain were arranged in an ecological pyramid, which organism would have the most energy available?. decomposer. secondary consumer. primary consumer. producer page 5

6 12. The diagrams below show a marine food web and an incomplete terrestrial food web. 13. Part of a desert food web is diagrammed below. The organism in the terrestrial food web that corresponds to the krill in the marine food web is labeled X. Which of the following organisms is most likely organism X?. Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem?. Prairie rattlesnakes will become herbivores.. Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease.. Sagebrush grasshoppers will consume soil bacteria.. Silk grass and sand sagebrush populations will decrease.... page 6

7 14. marine food web is shown below. Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?.... page 7

8 15. The energy pyramid below shows the flow of energy through the organisms in a kelp forest ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean. Use the energy pyramid to answer the following question(s). 16. iomass pyramids show the relative masses of producers, herbivores, and carnivores in an ecosystem. The diagram below shows the biomass pyramid of a typical ecosystem. What is the lowest level of the energy pyramid that contains carnivores?. Level 1. Level 2. Level 3. Level 4 The mass of all herbivores is much less than the mass of all producers, and the mass of all carnivores is much less than the mass of all herbivores. Why is biomass less at higher levels of the pyramid than at lower levels?. t higher levels, matter is leaving the ecosystem.. t higher levels, less food is required for larger individual animals.. t higher levels, organisms must perform photosynthesis.. t higher levels, food is inefficiently broken down to provide energy for organisms to use. page 8

9 17. The table below shows three carbon cycle processes. 19. arbon in the atmosphere is most often found as which of the following compounds?. stratospheric ozone. fossil fuel. carbon monoxide. carbon dioxide How do all three of the processes listed in the table affect another geochemical cycle?. They affect the water cycle by adding water to the atmosphere.. They affect the water cycle by removing water from the atmosphere.. They affect the oxygen cycle by adding oxygen to the atmosphere.. They affect the oxygen cycle by removing oxygen from the atmosphere. 20. The diagram below shows carbon cycling associated with oil and gas consumption. 18. How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria help cycle nitrogen through ecosystems?. They release nitrogen into the atmosphere when they replicate their N.. They convert sunlight into chemical energy which is then stored in the nitrogen.. They convert ammonia from animal feces and urine into forms that plants can use. Which arrow on the carbon cycle diagram represents the process that takes the longest amount of time to occur? They capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into forms that plants can use. page 9

10 21. The illustration below shows part of the carbon cycle. 23. In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide (O 2 ) into the atmosphere. Which of the following is most likely to happen next to the atom of carbon in this molecule?. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant.. It may become part of a protein in an animal.. It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned.. It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium. t position Y, carbon is most likely to be in which of the following forms?. protein. carbon solid. carbohydrate. carbon dioxide 24. Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists. 22. Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?. They are replenished by sunlight.. They are cycled through ecosystems.. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.. acteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.. They are produced constantly from nutrients. page 10

11 25. The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. 26. The following diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest?. increased rates of decomposition. decreased use of atmospheric O 2. decreased combustion of fossil fuels. increased production of organic compounds nimals need nitrite (NO 2 ) to make proteins. Nitrogen (N 2 ) is found in the air but is not in a form that animals can use. Through the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen from the atmosphere becomes nitrite. Which of these can be concluded about the importance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?. acteria are important because they make nitrites that animals need.. acteria are important because they change nitrogen into nitrites that animals need.. acteria are important because they allow plant roots to absorb nitrites from the air.. acteria are important because they decompose plant matter that compete with living plants for nitrites. 27. Usable nitrogen is released into soil from animal wastes by the breakdown of. plant proteins.. water.. ammonia.. sugar molecules. page 11

12 28. The diagram below shows the gas exchange among different organisms. 29. Pictured here is a nitrogen cycle. The arrow labeled represents the process of. nitrogen fixation. decomposition. nitrification. denitrification Which carbon compound is represented by the X?. arbon dioxide, O 2. Glucose, 6 H 12 O 6. arbonic acid, H 2 O 3. arbon monoxide, O 30. Pictured here is a nitrogen cycle. The action of decomposers is represented by arrows. and. E and F. and. and F page 12

13 31. The letters in the diagram shown represent the processes involved in the water cycle. Which letter represents the process of transpiration 33. The diagram shown represents the nitrogen cycle. Which letter in the diagram indicates the activity of bacteria of decay?..... W. X. Y. Z 32. Processes involved in the water cycle are represented by letters in the diagram shown. In which group are the processes correctly identified? 34. In the diagram, letters through E represent organisms carrying on a process at that particular point in the cycle.. deamination; transpiration; condensation; evaporation. transpiration; evaporation; condensation; precipitation. condensation; precipitation; transpiration; evaporation. transpiration; deamination; condensation; precipitation Letter represents. scavengers. decomposers. autotrophs. carnivores page 13

14 35. The diagram shown represents a portion of a food web in a Long Island ecosystem. The numbers show the concentration of T in parts per million (ppm) in the body tissues of the various organisms. 36. What effect would the removal of the cormorant population have on the state of dynamic balance present in the food web?. Populations of fluke fish and eels would increase.. Populations of mud snails and blowfish would increase.. Populations of ospreys and mergansers would decrease.. Populations of eels and ospreys would decrease. Which is a characteristic of T in the food web?. The highest concentration of T is located in the producer. 37. Which statement is a correct interpretation of the energy flow in this food chain?. T tends to decrease in concentration as it is transferred from primary consumer to secondary consumer.. The lowest concentrations of T are located in the birds.. T tends to increase in concentration as it is transferred from producer to consumer.. The leaf uses 100% of the energy received from the Sun to produce plant matter.. The deer stores 100% of the energy received from the leaf.. The deer stores only about 1 out of every 10 alories it eats.. The mountain lion stores only about 1 out of every 1000 alories it eats. page 14

15 38. The level that contains the least amount of available energy is composed of 40. Which ecological term includes everything represented in the illustration?. phytoplankton. zooplankton. copepods. fish. ecosystem. community. population. species 39. The cartoon shown illustrates a type of nutrition. Frank and the other birds in this cartoon are classified as 41. What impact do the amounts of available energy, water, and oxygen have on an ecosystem?. They act as limiting factors.. They are used as nutrients.. They recycle the residue of dead organisms.. They control environmental temperature.. saprophytes. herbivores. scavengers. producers page 15

16 42. The chart below shows three ecological terms used to describe levels of organization on Earth. 44. Which sequence best represents the flow of energy in the cartoon below? ecosystem population biosphere Which diagram best represents the relationship of these ecological terms?..... prey predator. host parasite 43. The diagram below represents a food chain made up of organisms found in a field.. producer herbivore. autotroph carnivore Which row in the chart correctly identifies characteristics that can be associated with the members of this food chain? Row Producer onsumer utotroph Heterotroph (1) corn snake mouse owl (2) mouse owl snake mouse (3) corn owl corn snake (4) owl corn snake corn. (1). (2). (3). (4) page 16

17 45. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram of a food web and on your knowledge of biology. 46. The diagram shown is of a lake ecosystem. The diagram shows a cross section of a deep lake. The dashed line which separates level from level indicates the depth beyond which light cannot penetrate. Which group would probably have the largest biomass? What is the original source of energy for this food web?. fish. plants. hawks. frogs. chemical bonds in sugar molecules. enzymatic reactions. the Sun. chemical reactions of bacteria page 17

18 47. The diagram shown represents a food web. The numerals I, II, III, and IV represent four nutritional levels within the community in which different species compete. 49. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Which gas is released when the tissues of dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria?. NO 3. N 2. NH 3. O 2 Which is an abiotic factor that is needed to make this marine community a self-sustaining ecosystem?. sunlight. producers. primary consumers. decomposers 50. acteria responsible for process X are known as. nitrogen-fixing bacteria 48. The action of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle most directly aids in the. synthesis of proteins from nitrates. nitrifying bacteria. dentrifying bacteria. autotrophic bacteria. removal of nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere. restoration of nitrogen compounds to the soil. fixation of atmospheric nitrogen page 18

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