Wastewater Management - Kenyan Policy perspective and business perspective.

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1 Wastewater Management - Kenyan Policy perspective and business perspective. 3 rd Annual Effluent and Water Management Conference 5 th & 6 th December, 2013 Laico Regency Hotel Suresh Patel KAM/ KEPSA KRIDHA LIMITED P.O.Box , Nairobi. Tel: Cell: business@kridha.com

2 Waste water recycling plants For reuse of wastewater, install effluent treatment plant. Plant Sizes available 500 to 200,000 liters per hour

3 Climate change and a growing population mean that Kenya/ Africa can no longer rely solely on traditional sources of water. Finding alternative water sources must be the priority for government. All possible sources must be tried and tested to determine feasible options environmentally, economically and socially. The state/ county water recycling strategy and policy must be part of development planning.

4 Kenya is a water scarce country with over 80 % of the total land area regarded as ASAL. Freshwater per capita of 647m 3 against the United Nations recommended minimum of 1,000m 3 - with projected decline to 235m 3 by Climate change is predicted to cause changes in the frequency, intensity and unpredictability of precipitation with adverse effects on water availability, agricultural production, health and widespread food shortages. In the rural areas, water scarcity will increase conflicts - all economic and social activities will have a water dimension - pastoral and nomadic communities.

5 Current supply -Nairobi City and Satellite Towns is at the moment 580,000 m 3 /day against a demand of 750,000 m 3 /day. Demand -860,000 m 3 /day by 2017 and 1.2M m 3 /day by 2035, - large and sustained investments in expanding water supply required. Even if 20 % of supply of water ends up as wastewater, potential volume of wastewater may rise from 116,000 m 3 /day to 172,000 m 3 /day by 2017 and to 600,000 m 3 /day by 2035 equivalent to today supply.

6 It is inevitable that Kenya needs very pragmatic policy and regulations to encourage use of wastewater. New proposed Water Policy 2012 has attempted to do so.

7 To ensure increased per capita water availability above the international benchmark of 1000 m³ by Wastewater Context To adopt water saving technologies and ground aquifer re-charging, To promote and ensure recycling of treated effluent water One Guiding Principles for Integrated Water Resource Management will be Treatment of effluents and re-use/recycling.

8 Improve effluent waters treatment and recycle for use The government shall ensure the establishment of elaborate effluent water treatment plants and their proper operation, as well as, plants that will functionalize recycling for use of the resource for irrigation, urban grounds watering, general industrial use and regulated aquifer recharge among others.

9 Enhance pollution control Policy intends to target cost-effective pollution monitoring program, a compulsory clean up (by offenders), obligatory public reporting at all levels and a documenting of best practices.

10 National concepts on effluent collection and treatment originating from decentralized systems shall be promoted, with more focus on institutional infrastructure development. The regulator shall ensure that recycling technology is promoted.

11 Promote efficient water use and innovative management of water for industrial production Freshwater storage and supply to industrial parks shall be developed according to the economic growth rate. Regulation shall ensure that through permitting and water pricing water is used efficiently. Innovative techniques and management mechanism are introduced. Effluent water treatment and recycling shall be promoted to be used by the industry.

12 Improve effluent waters treatment and recycle for use Large amounts of untreated effluent water are released to the environment. Only 5% of effluent is collected by the public sewer systems. Effluent treatment efficiency of public sewer systems is only 20% national wide. This makes the WSPs one of the biggest polluter in the country. Exhauster services provided by the private sector - uncontrolled - dump illegally the human waste untreated into the environment. The sector will therefore require a comprehensive effluent treatment and recycling strategy.

13 Improve national investment and financing planning - to which donors, private sector and civil society organization can align with. Mobilize more funds from donors and commercial sector institutions, result-based financing, publicprivate-partnerships Develop full potential of self-financing -The WSPs shall be allowed to accumulate fund necessary for investments. Subsidize to achieve social objectives or performance of WSIs - Cabinet Secretary may initiate subsidies to promote new technologies and incentives to WSIs to improve performance.

14 Is it possible to reuse wastewater? What are uses?

15 It may reduce the need for large wastewater treatment systems, if significant portions of the waste stream are reused or recycled. The technology may diminish the volume of wastewater discharged, resulting in a beneficial impact on the aquatic environment. Capital costs are low to medium for most systems and are recoverable in a very short time; Operation and maintenance are relatively simple except in direct reuse systems where more extensive technology and quality control are required

16 Provision of nutrient-rich wastewaters can increase agricultural production in water-poor areas. Pollution of rivers and ground waters may be reduced The quality of the wastewater, as an irrigation water supply, is superior to that of well water.

17 Revenues to water supply and wastewater utilities may fall as the demand for potable water for non-potable uses and the discharge of wastewaters is reduced Wet season of long duration and/or high intensity may cause high discharge of raw wastewaters. Health problems, such as water-borne diseases and skin irritations, may occur in people coming into direct contact with reused wastewater.

18 Gases produced during the treatment process can result in chronic health problems. Application of inefficiently treated wastewater as irrigation water or as injected recharge water may result in groundwater contamination.

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20 What are issues for wastewater management? Why it is not getting sufficient attention for reuse and recycling? Are there significant barriers? What are possible solutions?

21 Poorly growing public acceptance of reclaimed water perception change needed for this maligned resource. No means for delivering reclaimed or recycled water from water treatment facilities to various users, for irrigation, for industrial use, landscape and domestic purposes, even for possible in-home use. VAT exempt issue local manufacturer of plant and equipment are discouraged. County perspective/ legislations fear of fees / licenses.

22 Local technology development is ignored. Water technician with engineering and maintenance bias are in short supply. Cost of wastewater treatment is always higher than that for river water or for water from other fresh water resources. The conveyance and distribution systems for reclaimed water represent the principal cost of most proposed water reuse projects. Unfavorable building code for recycling.

23 Decentralized treatment plants. Defining / assigning true cost of fresh water- Cost of fresh water is not high enough to warrant attention for recycling. Finance innovative and medium to long term, low cost and accessible. Revolving Fund. Banks and other financial institutes to influence wastewater recycling on new projects. Treating waste is not cheap some cost support and economic incentives needed. Climate Change finance.

24 Different level of quality regulations to increase use of recycled / treated water. Enforcement of laws and regulations negotiated approach with cost support. Regulation reforms -Mandatory recycling for wastewater generation of 10m 3 /day Mandatory use of treated / recycled water for construction, cleaning, irrigation sector Water Credit Scheme passing on benefits. New technologies Ferrate, Membrane, Nanoparticles

25 Specially designed vehicles for treated wastewater. Local technology development should be encouraged. Imported technology is expensive. Local manpower in wastewater engineering management should be developed. A robust campaign on benefits for use of treated wastewater Building code to be changed to enforce separate collection of gray water from backwater. Separate plumbing for use of recycled and rainwater.

26 Need for innovative and novel concept for wastewater use. Have you heard about Sewer Mining?

27 Sewer mining involves tapping into a wastewater collection system, siphoning some of the sewage off to a treatment facility, and then reusing the reclaimed water onsite for landscape irrigation, toilet flushing or other uses not requiring water pure enough to drink. Unique- it s smaller in scale and decentralized. With sewer mining the acquisition, treatment and re-use of the sewage typically all happens in the same location. Relieve overtaxed wastewater systems, trim water and wastewater infrastructure costs, reduce energy and chemical use, and save drinking water for activities that really need drinking-quality water.

28 The Pennant Hills Golf Club in Sydney, Australia, has cut its potable water use by 92 percent by mining a sewer that runs through the course and treating it onsite in the plant nestled among the trees adjacent to the 10th fairway- to irrigate its 23 hectares (57 acres) of greens.

29 Decentralized wastewater treatment should be promoted both for public sector and private sector. Suitable economic instruments must be developed. Appropriate legislative reform should be undertaken. Reuse and recycling of treated wastewater should be considered as Climate Change Adaptation measures. There must be provision of long term and low cost ( including grants) for wastewater management.

30 Thanks you all! Make a commitment for Wastewater use as a business!!