Section 6.2 Notes. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

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1 Section 6.2 Notes Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

2 Classifying Resources Environmental goods and services may be classified as either renewable or nonrenewable Renewable resources are those that natural processes can replace Ex. Forests can regrow, water and oxygen can be replaced by biochemical cycles

3 Classifying Resources Nonrenewable resources are those that cannot be replaced by natural processes Ex. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are used up by humans

4 Sustainable Development Human activities can affect the quality and supply of renewable resources such as land, forests, fisheries, air and fresh water. Sustainable development is a way of using natural resources without depleting them It also provides for human needs without causing long-term environmental harm

5 Land Resources Land is a resource that provides space for human communities and raw materials for industry Soil erosion is the wearing away of surface soil by water or wind Plowing often leads to soil erosion However, contour plowing can reduce erosion

6 Forest Resources People use forests for wood to make paper, homes and many other products Some forests are not considered renewable resources, depending on the type of forests Deforestation is the loss of forests Sustainable development includes planting trees to replaces those that are cut down

7 Fishery Resources Fish and other animals living in water are valuable food sources Overfishing can cause a decline in the fish population Aquaculture is a program used to help sustain the fish population It is the raising of aquatic animals for human consumption

8 Air Resources Air is a resource we are constantly using Air is easily polluted by human activities Smog is a pollutant that is a mixture of chemicals that forms a gray-brown haze in the air

9 Air Resources Burning fossil fuels releases harmful compounds into the air When these compounds mix with water vapor it forms acid rain Acid rain kills plants and causes other damage Emission standards have greatly reduced the amount of acid rain

10 Freshwater Resources We use water resources everyday for a variety of activities Sewage and chemicals can pollute this water Sustainable development of water includes protecting the water cycle Protecting wetlands also helps sustain water resources

11 Section 6-3 Notes Biodiversity

12 Biological Diversity Biodiversity is the sum of all the kinds of organisms in the biosphere Three types 1. Ecosystem diversity all of the habitats, communities, and ecological processes in ecosystems

13 Biological Diversity 2. Species diversity the number of different species in the biosphere 3. Genetic diversity the genetic information carried in all living things on Earth Biodiversity is one of Earth s greatest natural resources Different species provide us with food, medicines, and industrial products

14 Threats to Biodiversity Human activity can reduce biodiversity by altering habitats, polluting habitats and hunting to extinction Extinction occurs when a species disappears from all of its range A species whose population is in severe decline is referred to as an endangered species

15 Habitat Alteration As humans destroy habitats, the species living in those habitats may die out. Development can split habitats, a process called habitat fragmentation The smaller the pieces of habitat, the less likely its species can survive

16 Pollution Toxic compounds build up in the tissues of organisms. These concentrations get larger in living things at higher trophic levels This is called biological magnification

17 Introduced Species Plants and animals brought into an area from other places can become invasive species Invasive species can multiply quickly if their new habitat lacks parasites and predators to control their numbers

18 Conserving Biodiversity Conservation is the management of natural resources including the preservation of habitats and wildlife Today, conservation efforts focus on protecting entire ecosystems as well as single species The US has an extensive system of national parks, forests, and other areas to protect entire ecosystems

19 Section 6-4 Notes Charting a Course for the Future

20 Charting a Change With an increase in human population comes an increase in change to the environment Researchers are gathering data to monitor the changes in important systems of the biosphere Systems include Ozone Layer Global Climate System

21 Ozone Depletion The ozone layer encompasses the area between 20 and 50 km above the earth. Ozone gas consists of 3 oxygen atoms The ozone layer protects Earth from harmful radiation, which can cause sunburns, cancer, and eye damage.

22 Ozone Depletion In the 1970 s scientists found evidence of damage to the ozone layer. Over time this hole has grown larger Data has shown that gases known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s) can damage the ozone layer. Since then most uses of CFC s have been banned

23 Global Climate Change All life on Earth depends on climate conditions such at temperature and precipitation. Temperatures of Earth s surface have risen slightly over the past century Global Warming is used to describe the increase in Earth s temperature

24 Global Warming Current hypotheses state that human activity is leading to an increase in CO 2 and other greenhouse gases Activities include: Burning fossil fuels Cutting and burning forests An increase in the greenhouse gases has led to an increase in the amount of heat being trapped in our atmosphere

25 Possible Effects of Global Warming Sea levels may rise enough to cause severe flooding Droughts in parts of North America Organisms might not be able to adapt to climate changes

26 Why We Care about a Healthy Biosphere Ecosystems provide us with a variety of services including: Food production Oxygen production Natural pest and disease control Purification of water and air Solar energy

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