Principles Of Fertigation In Micro Irrigation

Transcription

1 Principles Of Fertigation In Micro Irrigation National Seminar On Fertigation Date: 15 th Sept Venue: Hotel Surya Palace, Vadodara Snehasish Majumder

2 FERTIGATION Fertigation is the process of application of Fertilizers along with Irrigation through Micro Irrigation System. Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, soil amendments and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system. Fertigation is practiced extensively in commercial Agriculture and Horticulture. Fertigation replenishes Nutrients that plants take from soil. Fertigation is used to add additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies detected in plant tissue analysis. It is usually practiced on all crops such as Cotton, Vegetables, Sugarcane, Banana, fruit Crops, spices & ornamentals.

3 BENEFITS OF FERTIGATION Maximizing Crop & Soil Productivity Higher yields and top quality of produce, Marginal lands, like sandy soils, rocky soils, shallow soils and salt affected soils can be successfully put into cultivation. Maximizing fertilizer efficiency by accurate & uniform application Reduces nutrients losses by leaching and/or volatilization Increase in Nutrient uptake due to distribution of Fertilizers being uniform and at active root zone area Considerable savings in Fertilizers, Labour, Fuel costs

4 CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS NUTRIENT CHEMICAL SYMBOL CATEGORY Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Sulphur Calcium Magnesium Iron Manganese Zinc Boron Copper Molybdenum Chlorine N P K S Ca Mg Fe Mn Zn Bo Cu Mo Cl Major OR Primary Nutrient Secondary Nutrient Micro Nutrient

5 SOURCE OF NURIENTS C H O In order to plants grow and develop they need the supply of Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen (get from atmosphere), in addition to this 13 essential mineral elements, which they get from soil N P K S ALL SECONDARY & MINOR NUTRIENTS

6 ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT NITROGEN (N) Nitrogen is the nutrient with the greatest influence on crop yield through the effect on chlorophyll and protein production. Nitrogen 1. Intensifies the green color which is necessary for chlorophyll production 2. Increases leaf size 3. Increases growth rate. 4. Increases final yield and protein production

7 ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT PHOSPHOROUS (P) Phosphorous is important in root development, the ripening process and particularly in the manufacture and use of sugars and complex carbohydrates. Supply of phosphorous is essential in the early stages of a plant s life and for early maturity. Phosphorous 1. Stimulates root development 2. Helps plants to become established in the season 3. Encourages Maturity

8 ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT POTASSIUM (K) Potassium is associated with the regulation of water within the plant and with the control of water loss from the leaves. It is also vital for the root nodule bacteria on legumes which fixes nitrogen from air. Potassium 1. Encourages healthy growth. 2. Renders crop more resistant to drought and disease. 3. Improves the quality of produce

9 ROLE OF MAJOR NUTRIENT SULPHUR (S) Sulphur is constituent of few Amino Acids Cysteine (26% S) & Methionine (21% S). Insectcide (Miticide) & Fungicide Sulphur 1. Plays crucial role in Protein synthesis 2. Gives shining colour to fruits 3. Increases oil content in case of oil seeds

10 FERTILIZER SOLUBILITY Fertilizers Maximum amount (kg) dissolved in 100 L at 20 C Time to dissolve (min) ph of the solution Insolubles (%) Comments Urea (a) 9.5 negligible Solution cools as urea dissolves. Ammonium nitrate [Nitram NH 4 NO 3 ] (a) 5.62 Corrosive to galvanised iron and brass. Solution cools as product dissolves Sulfate of ammonia [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] Mono-ammonium phosphate [MAP] Di-ammonium phosphate [DAP] Corrosive to mild steel Corrosive to carbon steel Corrosive to carbon steel. Muriate of potash [KCl] (b) 0.5 Corrosive to brass and mild steel. Sulfate of potash [K 2 SO 4 ] (b) 0.4 4(b) Corrosive to mild steel concrete. K-spray [K 2 SO 4 ] (b) 0.4 4(b) Corrosive to mild steel concrete. Potassium nitrate [KNO 3 ] Solution cools as product dissolves. Corrosive to metals.

11 SOIL TYPES SANDY, SILT & CLAY SOILS Sand is the largest particle in the soil. When you rub it, it feels rough. This is because it has sharp edges. Sand doesn't hold many nutrients or water. Silt is a soil particle whose size is between sand and clay. Silt feels smooth and powdery. When wet it feels smooth but not sticky. Clay is the smallest soil particle. Clay is smooth when dry and sticky or plastic when wet. Soils high in clay content are called heavy soils. Clay can hold a lot of nutrients, and can hold quite a bit of water, but the structure of clay doesn't let air and water move through it well. Most of the water in a clay soil is so tightly bound to the clay particles that plants can't get it loose.

12 SOIL TRIANGLE SOIL TRIANGLE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOIL Examle: SAND 30% + CLAY 30% + SILT 40% soil type is Clay loam

13 SOIL WETTING PATTERN

14 FERTILIZER TANK Model FT 30 - volume of tank: 30 litres Model FT 60 - volume of tank: 60 litres Model FT 90 - volume of tank: 90 litres

15 FERTIGATION PRINCIPLE: Pressure difference WATER WATER + FERTILIZER Advantage: Head loss is minimum FERTILIZER Disadvantage : Concentration is varying and not uniform

16 VENTURY VENTURI ¾ 1 & 2 VENTURI with Manifold

17 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF VENTURY ¾ Venturi :- Injection rate lph Operating pressure at inlet- 1 to 1.5 bar Head loss : 0.2 to 0.6 bar 1 Venturi :- Injection rate lph Operating pressure at inlet- 1.1 to 1.6 bar Head loss : 0.3 to 0.6 bar 2 Venturi :- Injection rate lph Operating pressure 1.5 to 1.9 bar Head loss : 0.5 to 0.8 bar Advantage : Concentration is uniform Disadvantage: Head loss is high

18 FERTIGATION PRINCIPLE: VENTURY V-MAX, P-MIN Suction P2 P1 P1 > P2

19 INLINE DOSING CONTROLLER FOR FERTIGATION The In-Line Dosing system has many design features to ensure that acid & Fertlizers are dosed accurately & safely. It offers cost effective alternative to mechanical fertilizer injectors Venturies are used for Fertilizer and acid dosing to provide a rugged design with minimum moving parts Dosing system uses a unique algorithm to give accurate ph & EC control with varying flow rates Fertilizer flow rate will depend on no. of Venturi Injectors Booster Pump is used to drive Venturi Injectors and will depend on line pressure and number of Injectors

20 INLINE DOSING SYSTEM

21 21 THANK YOU